static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("You are runnning the Algorithms example.");
Console.WriteLine("======================================================");
Console.WriteLine();
#region Sorting
{
// Note: these functions are not restricted to array types. You can use the
// overloads with "Get" and "Assign" delegates to use them on any int-indexed
// data structure.
Console.WriteLine(" Sorting Algorithms----------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
int[] dataSet = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
Console.Write(" Data Set:" + string.Join(", ", dataSet.Select(x => x.ToString())));
Console.WriteLine();
// Shuffling (Randomizing)
Sort.Shuffle(dataSet);
Console.Write(" Shuffle (Randomizing): " + string.Join(", ", dataSet.Select(x => x.ToString())));
Console.WriteLine();
// Bubble
Sort.Bubble(dataSet);
Console.Write(" Bubble: " + string.Join(", ", dataSet.Select(x => x.ToString())));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" shuffling dataSet...");
Sort.Shuffle(dataSet);
// Selection
Sort.Selection(dataSet);
Console.Write(" Selection: " + string.Join(", ", dataSet.Select(x => x.ToString())));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" shuffling dataSet...");
Sort.Shuffle(dataSet);
// Insertion
Sort.Insertion(dataSet);
Console.Write(" Insertion: " + string.Join(", ", dataSet.Select(x => x.ToString())));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" shuffling dataSet...");
Sort.Shuffle(dataSet);
// Quick
Sort.Quick(dataSet);
Console.Write(" Quick: " + string.Join(", ", dataSet.Select(x => x.ToString())));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" shuffling dataSet...");
Sort.Shuffle(dataSet);
// Merge
Sort.Merge(Compute.Compare, dataSet);
Console.Write(" Merge: " + string.Join(", ", dataSet.Select(x => x.ToString())));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" shuffling dataSet...");
Sort.Shuffle(dataSet);
// Heap
Sort.Heap(Compute.Compare, dataSet);
Console.Write(" Heap: " + string.Join(", ", dataSet.Select(x => x.ToString())));
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" shuffling dataSet...");
Sort.Shuffle(dataSet);
// OddEven
Sort.OddEven(Compute.Compare, dataSet);
Console.Write(" OddEven: " + string.Join(", ", dataSet.Select(x => x.ToString())));
Console.WriteLine();
//Console.WriteLine(" shuffling dataSet...");
//Sort<int>.Shuffle(dataSet);
//// Slow
//Sort<int>.Slow(Logic.compare, get, set, 0, dataSet.Length);
//Console.Write("Slow: " + string.Join(", ", dataSet.Select(x => x.ToString())));
//Console.WriteLine();
//Console.WriteLine(" shuffling dataSet...");
//Sort<int>.Shuffle(dataSet);
// Bogo
//Sort<int>.Bogo(Logic.compare, get, set, 0, dataSet.Length);
Console.Write(" Bogo: Disabled (takes forever)"); //+ string.Join(", ", dataSet.Select(x => x.ToString())));
//Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine();
}
#endregion
#region Graph Search (Using Graph Data Structure)
{
Console.WriteLine(" Graph Searching----------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
// make a graph
IGraph <int> graph = new GraphSetOmnitree <int>()
{
// add nodes
0,
1,
2,
3,
// add edges
{ 0, 1 },
{ 0, 2 },
{ 1, 3 },
{ 2, 3 }
};
// make a heuristic function
int heuristic(int node)
{
switch (node)
{
case 0:
return(3);
case 1:
return(6);
case 2:
return(1);
case 3:
return(0);
default:
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
// make a cost function
int cost(int from, int to)
{
if (from == 0 && to == 1)
{
return(1);
}
if (from == 0 && to == 2)
{
return(2);
}
if (from == 1 && to == 3)
{
return(5);
}
if (from == 2 && to == 3)
{
return(1);
}
if (from == 0 && to == 3)
{
return(99);
}
throw new Exception("invalid path cost computation");
}
// make a goal function
bool goal(int node)
{
if (node == 3)
{
return(true);
}
else
{
return(false);
}
}
// run A* the algorithm
Stepper <int> aStar_path = Search.Graph <int, int>(0, graph, heuristic, cost, goal);
Console.Write(" A* Path: ");
if (aStar_path != null)
{
aStar_path(i => Console.Write(i + " "));
}
else
{
Console.Write("none");
}
Console.WriteLine();
// run the Greedy algorithm
Stepper <int> greedy_path = Search.Graph <int, int>(0, graph, heuristic, goal);
Console.Write(" Greedy Path: ");
if (greedy_path != null)
{
greedy_path(i => Console.Write(i + " "));
}
else
{
Console.Write("none");
}
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine();
}
#endregion
#region Graph Search (Vector Game-Style Example)
{
Console.WriteLine(" Graph Searching (Vector Game-Style Example)-------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" Debug the code. The path is to large to write to the console.");
Console.WriteLine();
// Lets say you are coding enemy AI and you want the AI to find a path towards the player
// in order to attack them. Here are their starting positions:
Vector <float> enemyLocation = new Vector <float>(-100f, 0f, -50f);
Vector <float> playerLocation = new Vector <float>(200f, 0f, -50f);
float enemyAttackRange = 3f; // enemy has a melee attack with 3 range
// Lets say most of the terrain is open, but there is a big rock in between them that they
// must go around.
Vector <float> rockLocation = new Vector <float>(15f, 0f, -40f);
float rockRadius = 20f;
// Make sure we don't re-use locations (must be wiped after running the algorithm)
ISet <Vector <float> > alreadyUsed = new SetHashLinked <Vector <float> >();
Vector <float> validationVectorStorage = null; // storage to prevent a ton of vectors from being allocated
// So, we just need to validate movement locations (make sure the path finding algorithm
// ignores locations inside the rock)
bool validateMovementLocation(Vector <float> location)
{
// if the location is inside the rock, it is not a valid movement
location.Subtract(rockLocation, ref validationVectorStorage);
float magnitude = validationVectorStorage.Magnitude;
if (magnitude <= rockRadius)
{
return(false);
}
// NOTE: If you are running a physics engine, you might be able to just call it to validate a location.
// if the location was already used, then let's consider it invalid, because
// another path (which is faster) has already reached that location
if (alreadyUsed.Contains(location))
{
return(false);
}
return(true);
}
// Now we need the neighbor function (getting the neighbors of the current location).
void neighborFunction(Vector <float> currentLocation, Step <Vector <float> > neighbors)
{
// NOTES:
// - This neighbor function has a 90 degree per-node resolution (360 / 4 [north/south/east/west] = 90).
// - This neighbor function has a 1 unit per-node distance resolution, because we went 1 unit in each direction.
// RECOMMENDATIONS:
// - If the path finding is failing, you may need to increase the resolution.
// - If the algorithm is running too slow, you may need to reduce the resolution.
float distanceResolution = 1;
float x = currentLocation.X;
float y = currentLocation.Y;
float z = currentLocation.Z;
// Note: I'm using the X-axis and Z-axis here, but which axis you need to use
// depends on your environment. Your "north" could be along the Y-axis for example.
Vector <float> north = new Vector <float>(x + distanceResolution, y, z);
if (validateMovementLocation(north))
{
alreadyUsed.Add(north); // mark location as used
neighbors(north);
}
Vector <float> east = new Vector <float>(x, y, z + distanceResolution);
if (validateMovementLocation(east))
{
alreadyUsed.Add(east); // mark location as used
neighbors(east);
}
Vector <float> south = new Vector <float>(x - distanceResolution, y, z);
if (validateMovementLocation(south))
{
alreadyUsed.Add(south); // mark location as used
neighbors(south);
}
Vector <float> west = new Vector <float>(x, y, z - distanceResolution);
if (validateMovementLocation(west))
{
alreadyUsed.Add(west); // mark location as used
neighbors(west);
}
}
Vector <float> heuristicVectorStorage = null; // storage to prevent a ton of vectors from being allocated
// Heuristic function (how close are we to the goal)
float heuristicFunction(Vector <float> currentLocation)
{
// The goal is the player's location, so we just need our distance from the player.
currentLocation.Subtract(playerLocation, ref heuristicVectorStorage);
return(heuristicVectorStorage.Magnitude);
}
// Lets say there is a lot of mud around the rock, and the mud makes our player move at half their normal speed.
// Our path finding needs to find the fastest route to the player, whether it be through the mud or not.
Vector <float> mudLocation = new Vector <float>(15f, 0f, -70f);
float mudRadius = 30f;
Vector <float> costVectorStorage = null; // storage to prevent a ton of vectors from being allocated
// Cost function
float costFunction(Vector <float> from, Vector <float> to)
{
// If the location we are moving to is in the mud, lets adjust the
// cost because mud makes us move slower.
to.Subtract(mudLocation, ref costVectorStorage);
float magnitude = costVectorStorage.Magnitude;
if (magnitude <= mudRadius)
{
return(2f);
}
// neither location is in the mud, it is just a standard movement at normal speed.
return(1f);
}
Vector <float> goalVectorStorage = null; // storage to prevent a ton of vectors from being allocated
// Goal function
bool goalFunction(Vector <float> currentLocation)
{
// if the player is within the enemy's attack range WE FOUND A PATH! :)
currentLocation.Subtract(playerLocation, ref goalVectorStorage);
float magnitude = goalVectorStorage.Magnitude;
if (magnitude <= enemyAttackRange)
{
return(true);
}
// the enemy is not yet within attack range
return(false);
}
// We have all the necessary parameters. Run the pathfinding algorithms!
Stepper <Vector <float> > aStarPath =
Search.Graph(
enemyLocation,
neighborFunction,
heuristicFunction,
costFunction,
goalFunction);
// Flush the already used markers before running the Greedy algorithm.
// Normally you won't run two algorithms for the same graph/location, but
// we are running both algorithms in this example to demonstrate the
// differences between them.
alreadyUsed.Clear();
Stepper <Vector <float> > greedyPath =
Search.Graph(
enemyLocation,
neighborFunction,
heuristicFunction,
goalFunction);
// NOTE: If there is no valid path, then "Search.Graph" will return "null."
// For this example, I know that there will be a valid path so I did not
// include a null check.
// Lets convert the paths into arrays so you can look at them in the debugger. :)
Vector <float>[] aStarPathArray = aStarPath.ToArray();
Vector <float>[] greedyPathArray = greedyPath.ToArray();
// lets calculate the movement cost of each path to see how they compare
float astartTotalCost = Compute.Add <float>(step =>
{
for (int i = 0; i < aStarPathArray.Length - 1; i++)
{
step(costFunction(aStarPathArray[i], aStarPathArray[i + 1]));
}
});
float greedyTotalCost = Compute.Add <float>(step =>
{
for (int i = 0; i < greedyPathArray.Length - 1; i++)
{
step(costFunction(greedyPathArray[i], greedyPathArray[i + 1]));
}
});
// Notice that that the A* algorithm produces a less costly path than the Greedy,
// meaning that it is faster. The Greedy path went through the mud, but the A* path
// took the longer route around the other side of the rock, which ended up being faster
// than running through the mud.
}
#endregion
#region Random Generation
{
Console.WriteLine(" Random Generation---------------------");
Console.WriteLine();
int iterationsperrandom = 3;
void testrandom(Random random)
{
for (int i = 0; i < iterationsperrandom; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(" " + i + ": " + random.Next());
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
Arbitrary mcg_2pow59_13pow13 = new Arbitrary.Algorithms.MultiplicativeCongruent_A();
Console.WriteLine(" mcg_2pow59_13pow13 randoms:");
testrandom(mcg_2pow59_13pow13);
Arbitrary mcg_2pow31m1_1132489760 = new Arbitrary.Algorithms.MultiplicativeCongruent_B();
Console.WriteLine(" mcg_2pow31m1_1132489760 randoms:");
testrandom(mcg_2pow31m1_1132489760);
Arbitrary mersenneTwister = new Arbitrary.Algorithms.MersenneTwister();
Console.WriteLine(" mersenneTwister randoms:");
testrandom(mersenneTwister);
Arbitrary cmr32_c2_o3 = new Arbitrary.Algorithms.CombinedMultipleRecursive();
Console.WriteLine(" mersenneTwister randoms:");
testrandom(cmr32_c2_o3);
Arbitrary wh1982cmcg = new Arbitrary.Algorithms.WichmannHills1982();
Console.WriteLine(" mersenneTwister randoms:");
testrandom(wh1982cmcg);
Arbitrary wh2006cmcg = new Arbitrary.Algorithms.WichmannHills2006();
Console.WriteLine(" mersenneTwister randoms:");
testrandom(wh2006cmcg);
Arbitrary mwcxorsg = new Arbitrary.Algorithms.MultiplyWithCarryXorshift();
Console.WriteLine(" mwcxorsg randoms:");
testrandom(mwcxorsg);
}
#endregion
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("============================================");
Console.WriteLine("Example Complete...");
Console.ReadLine();
}