/// <summary>
/// Application constructor
/// </summary>
public BillboardForm()
{
// Set the window text
this.Text = "Billboard: D3D Billboarding Example";
this.MinimizeBox = false;
skyBoxMesh = new GraphicsMesh();
terrainMesh = new GraphicsMesh();
OnetimeSceneInitialization();
// Now let's setup our D3D parameters
PresentParameters presentParams = new PresentParameters();
presentParams.Windowed = true;
presentParams.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard;
presentParams.AutoDepthStencilFormat = DepthFormat.D16;
presentParams.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true;
// create the device
device = new Device(0, DeviceType.Default, this,
CreateFlags.None, presentParams);
// store the render state
renderState = device.RenderState;
// initialize any device resources that aren't lost on reset
InitializeDeviceObjects();
// attach the reset callback
device.DeviceReset += new EventHandler(RestoreDeviceObjects);
// initialize any device resources that are lost on reset
RestoreDeviceObjects(device, EventArgs.Empty);
}
/// <summary>
/// Renders the mesh
/// </summary>
/// <param name="canDrawOpaque">Enables drawing opaque portions
/// of the mesh</param>
/// <param name="canDrawAlpha">Enables drawing alpha blended portions
/// of the mesh</param>
public void Render(bool canDrawOpaque, bool canDrawAlpha)
{
RenderStateManager rs = device.RenderState;
// Frist, draw the subsets without alpha
if (canDrawOpaque)
{
for (int i = 0; i < meshMaterials.Length; i++)
{
if (canDrawAlpha)
{
if (meshMaterials[i].Diffuse.A < 0xff)
{
continue;
}
}
// Set the material and texture for this subset
device.Material = meshMaterials[i];
if (meshTextures[i] != null)
{
device.SetTexture(0, meshTextures[i]);
}
// Draw the mesh subset
meshValue.DrawSubset(i);
}
}
// Then, draw the subsets with alpha
if (canDrawAlpha)
{
// Enable alpha blending
rs.AlphaBlendEnable = true;
rs.SourceBlend = Blend.SourceAlpha;
rs.DestinationBlend = Blend.InvSourceAlpha;
for (int i = 0; i < meshMaterials.Length; i++)
{
if (meshMaterials[i].Diffuse.A == 0xff)
{
continue;
}
// Set the material and texture for this subset
device.Material = meshMaterials[i];
if (meshTextures[i] != null)
{
device.SetTexture(0, meshTextures[i]);
}
// Draw the mesh subset
meshValue.DrawSubset(i);
}
// Restore state
rs.AlphaBlendEnable = false;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Actually draw the mesh
/// </summary>
/// <param name="device">The device used to draw</param>
/// <param name="canDrawOpaque">Can draw the opaque parts of the mesh</param>
/// <param name="canDrawAlpha">Can draw the alpha parts of the mesh</param>
public void Render(Device device, bool canDrawOpaque, bool canDrawAlpha)
{
if (null == localMemoryMesh)
{
throw new ArgumentException();
}
RenderStateManager rs = device.RenderState;
// Frist, draw the subsets without alpha
if (canDrawOpaque)
{
for (int i = 0; i < materials.Length; i++)
{
if (isUsingMeshMaterials)
{
if (canDrawAlpha)
{
if (materials[i].DiffuseColor.Alpha < 0xff)
{
continue;
}
}
device.Material = materials[i];
device.SetTexture(0, textures[i]);
}
localMemoryMesh.DrawSubset(i);
}
}
// Then, draw the subsets with alpha
if (canDrawAlpha && isUsingMeshMaterials)
{
// Enable alpha blending
rs.AlphaBlendEnable = true;
rs.SourceBlend = Blend.SourceAlpha;
rs.DestinationBlend = Blend.InvSourceAlpha;
for (int i = 0; i < materials.Length; i++)
{
if (materials[i].DiffuseColor.Alpha == 0xff)
{
continue;
}
// Set the material and texture
device.Material = materials[i];
device.SetTexture(0, textures[i]);
localMemoryMesh.DrawSubset(i);
}
// Restore state
rs.AlphaBlendEnable = false;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Initialize the device objects
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dev">The grpahics device used to initialize</param>
public void InitializeDeviceObjects(Device dev)
{
if (dev != null) {
// Set up our events
dev.DeviceReset += new System.EventHandler(this.RestoreDeviceObjects);
}
// Keep a local copy of the device
device = dev;
textureState0 = device.TextureState[0];
textureState1 = device.TextureState[1];
samplerState0 = device.SamplerState[0];
renderState = device.RenderState;
// Create a bitmap on which to measure the alphabet
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(1, 1, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp);
g.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
g.TextRenderingHint = System.Drawing.Text.TextRenderingHint.AntiAlias;
g.TextContrast = 0;
// Establish the font and texture size
textureScale = 1.0f; // Draw fonts into texture without scaling
// Calculate the dimensions for the smallest power-of-two texture which
// can hold all the printable characters
textureWidth = textureHeight = 128;
for (;;) {
try {
// Measure the alphabet
PaintAlphabet(g, true);
}
catch (System.InvalidOperationException) {
// Scale up the texture size and try again
textureWidth *= 2;
textureHeight *= 2;
continue;
}
break;
}
// If requested texture is too big, use a smaller texture and smaller font,
// and scale up when rendering.
Direct3D.Caps d3dCaps = device.DeviceCaps;
// If the needed texture is too large for the video card...
if (textureWidth > d3dCaps.MaxTextureWidth) {
// Scale the font size down to fit on the largest possible texture
textureScale = (float)d3dCaps.MaxTextureWidth / (float)textureWidth;
textureWidth = textureHeight = d3dCaps.MaxTextureWidth;
for(;;) {
// Create a new, smaller font
ourFontHeight = (int) Math.Floor(ourFontHeight * textureScale);
systemFont = new System.Drawing.Font(systemFont.Name, ourFontHeight, systemFont.Style);
try {
// Measure the alphabet
PaintAlphabet(g, true);
}
catch (System.InvalidOperationException) {
// If that still doesn't fit, scale down again and continue
textureScale *= 0.9F;
continue;
}
break;
}
}
// Release the bitmap used for measuring and create one for drawing
bmp.Dispose();
bmp = new Bitmap(textureWidth, textureHeight, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp);
g.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
g.TextRenderingHint = System.Drawing.Text.TextRenderingHint.AntiAlias;
g.TextContrast = 0;
// Draw the alphabet
PaintAlphabet(g, false);
// Create a new texture for the font from the bitmap we just created
fontTexture = Texture.FromBitmap(device, bmp, 0, Pool.Managed);
RestoreDeviceObjects(null, null);
}
/// <summary>
/// Initialize the device objects
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dev">The grpahics device used to initialize</param>
public void InitializeDeviceObjects(Device dev)
{
if (dev != null)
{
// Set up our events
dev.DeviceReset += new System.EventHandler(this.RestoreDeviceObjects);
}
// Keep a local copy of the device
device = dev;
textureState0 = device.TextureState[0];
textureState1 = device.TextureState[1];
samplerState0 = device.SamplerState[0];
renderState = device.RenderState;
// Create a bitmap on which to measure the alphabet
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(1, 1, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp);
g.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
g.TextRenderingHint = System.Drawing.Text.TextRenderingHint.AntiAlias;
g.TextContrast = 0;
// Establish the font and texture size
textureScale = 1.0f; // Draw fonts into texture without scaling
// Calculate the dimensions for the smallest power-of-two texture which
// can hold all the printable characters
textureWidth = textureHeight = 128;
for (;;)
{
try {
// Measure the alphabet
PaintAlphabet(g, true);
}
catch (System.InvalidOperationException) {
// Scale up the texture size and try again
textureWidth *= 2;
textureHeight *= 2;
continue;
}
break;
}
// If requested texture is too big, use a smaller texture and smaller font,
// and scale up when rendering.
Direct3D.Caps d3dCaps = device.DeviceCaps;
// If the needed texture is too large for the video card...
if (textureWidth > d3dCaps.MaxTextureWidth)
{
// Scale the font size down to fit on the largest possible texture
textureScale = (float)d3dCaps.MaxTextureWidth / (float)textureWidth;
textureWidth = textureHeight = d3dCaps.MaxTextureWidth;
for (;;)
{
// Create a new, smaller font
ourFontHeight = (int)Math.Floor(ourFontHeight * textureScale);
systemFont = new System.Drawing.Font(systemFont.Name, ourFontHeight, systemFont.Style);
try {
// Measure the alphabet
PaintAlphabet(g, true);
}
catch (System.InvalidOperationException) {
// If that still doesn't fit, scale down again and continue
textureScale *= 0.9F;
continue;
}
break;
}
}
// Release the bitmap used for measuring and create one for drawing
bmp.Dispose();
bmp = new Bitmap(textureWidth, textureHeight, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp);
g.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
g.TextRenderingHint = System.Drawing.Text.TextRenderingHint.AntiAlias;
g.TextContrast = 0;
// Draw the alphabet
PaintAlphabet(g, false);
// Create a new texture for the font from the bitmap we just created
fontTexture = Texture.FromBitmap(device, bmp, 0, Pool.Managed);
RestoreDeviceObjects(null, null);
}
/// <summary>
/// Initialize the device objects
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dev">The grpahics device used to initialize</param>
public void InitializeDeviceObjects(Device dev)
{
if (dev != null)
{
// Set up our events
dev.DeviceReset += new System.EventHandler(this.RestoreDeviceObjects);
}
// Keep a local copy of the device
device = dev;
textureState0 = device.TextureState[0];
textureState1 = device.TextureState[1];
samplerState0 = device.SamplerState[0];
renderState = device.RenderState;
// Establish the font and texture size
textureScale = 1.0f; // Draw fonts into texture without scaling
// Large fonts need larger textures
if (ourFontHeight > 60)
{
textureWidth = textureHeight = 2048;
}
else if (ourFontHeight > 30)
{
textureWidth = textureHeight = 1024;
}
else if (ourFontHeight > 15)
{
textureWidth = textureHeight = 512;
}
else
{
textureWidth = textureHeight = 256;
}
// If requested texture is too big, use a smaller texture and smaller font,
// and scale up when rendering.
Direct3D.Caps d3dCaps = device.DeviceCaps;
if (textureWidth > d3dCaps.MaxTextureWidth)
{
textureScale = (float)d3dCaps.MaxTextureWidth / (float)textureWidth;
textureWidth = textureHeight = d3dCaps.MaxTextureWidth;
}
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(textureWidth, textureHeight, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bmp);
g.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
g.TextRenderingHint = System.Drawing.Text.TextRenderingHint.AntiAlias;
g.TextContrast = 0;
string str;
float x = 0;
float y = 0;
Point p = new Point(0, 0);
Size size = new Size(0, 0);
// Calculate the spacing between characters based on line height
size = g.MeasureString(" ", systemFont).ToSize();
x = spacingPerChar = (int)Math.Ceiling(size.Height * 0.3);
for (char c = (char)32; c < (char)127; c++)
{
str = c.ToString();
// We need to do some things here to get the right sizes. The default implemententation of MeasureString
// will return a resolution independant size. For our height, this is what we want. However, for our width, we
// want a resolution dependant size.
Size resSize = g.MeasureString(str, systemFont).ToSize();
size.Height = resSize.Height + 1;
// Now the Resolution independent width
if (c != ' ') // We need the special case here because a space has a 0 width in GenericTypoGraphic stringformats
{
resSize = g.MeasureString(str, systemFont, p, StringFormat.GenericTypographic).ToSize();
size.Width = resSize.Width;
}
else
{
size.Width = resSize.Width;
}
if ((x + size.Width + spacingPerChar) > textureWidth)
{
x = spacingPerChar;
y += size.Height;
}
if (c != ' ') // We need the special case here because a space has a 0 width in GenericTypoGraphic stringformats
{
g.DrawString(str, systemFont, Brushes.White, new Point((int)x, (int)y), StringFormat.GenericTypographic);
}
else
{
g.DrawString(str, systemFont, Brushes.White, new Point((int)x, (int)y));
}
textureCoords[c - 32, 0] = ((float)(x + 0 - spacingPerChar)) / textureWidth;
textureCoords[c - 32, 1] = ((float)(y + 0 + 0)) / textureHeight;
textureCoords[c - 32, 2] = ((float)(x + size.Width + spacingPerChar)) / textureWidth;
textureCoords[c - 32, 3] = ((float)(y + size.Height + 0)) / textureHeight;
x += size.Width + (2 * spacingPerChar);
}
// Create a new texture for the font from the bitmap we just created
fontTexture = Texture.FromBitmap(device, bmp, 0, Pool.Managed);
RestoreDeviceObjects(null, null);
}
/// <summary>
/// Initialize the graphics environment
/// </summary>
public void InitializeEnvironment()
{
GraphicsAdapterInfo adapterInfo = graphicsSettings.AdapterInfo;
GraphicsDeviceInfo deviceInfo = graphicsSettings.DeviceInfo;
windowed = graphicsSettings.IsWindowed;
// Set up the presentation parameters
BuildPresentParamsFromSettings();
if (deviceInfo.Caps.PrimitiveMiscCaps.IsNullReference) {
// Warn user about null ref device that can't render anything
HandleSampleException(new NullReferenceDeviceException(), ApplicationMessage.None);
}
CreateFlags createFlags = new CreateFlags();
if (graphicsSettings.VertexProcessingType == VertexProcessingType.Software)
createFlags = CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing;
else if (graphicsSettings.VertexProcessingType == VertexProcessingType.Mixed)
createFlags = CreateFlags.MixedVertexProcessing;
else if (graphicsSettings.VertexProcessingType == VertexProcessingType.Hardware)
createFlags = CreateFlags.HardwareVertexProcessing;
else if (graphicsSettings.VertexProcessingType == VertexProcessingType.PureHardware) {
createFlags = CreateFlags.HardwareVertexProcessing;
}
else
throw new ApplicationException();
#if (DX9)
#else
// Make sure to allow multithreaded apps if we need them
presentParams.ForceNoMultiThreadedFlag = !isMultiThreaded;
#endif
try {
// Create the device
device = new Device(graphicsSettings.AdapterOrdinal, graphicsSettings.DevType,
windowed ? ourRenderTarget : this , createFlags, presentParams);
// Cache our local objects
renderState = device.RenderState;
sampleState = device.SamplerState;
textureStates = device.TextureState;
// When moving from fullscreen to windowed mode, it is important to
// adjust the window size after recreating the device rather than
// beforehand to ensure that you get the window size you want. For
// example, when switching from 640x480 fullscreen to windowed with
// a 1000x600 window on a 1024x768 desktop, it is impossible to set
// the window size to 1000x600 until after the display mode has
// changed to 1024x768, because windows cannot be larger than the
// desktop.
if (windowed) {
// Make sure main window isn't topmost, so error message is visible
System.Drawing.Size currentClientSize = this.ClientSize;
this.Size = this.ClientSize;
this.SendToBack();
this.BringToFront();
this.ClientSize = currentClientSize;
}
// Store device Caps
graphicsCaps = device.DeviceCaps;
behavior = createFlags;
System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
// Store device description
if (deviceInfo.DevType == DeviceType.Reference)
sb.Append("REF");
else if (deviceInfo.DevType == DeviceType.Hardware)
sb.Append("HAL");
else if (deviceInfo.DevType == DeviceType.Software)
sb.Append("SW");
BehaviorFlags behaviorFlags = new BehaviorFlags(createFlags);
if ((behaviorFlags.HardwareVertexProcessing) &&
(behaviorFlags.PureDevice)) {
if (deviceInfo.DevType == DeviceType.Hardware)
sb.Append(" (pure hw vp)");
else
sb.Append(" (simulated pure hw vp)");
}
else if (behaviorFlags.HardwareVertexProcessing) {
if (deviceInfo.DevType == DeviceType.Hardware)
sb.Append(" (hw vp)");
else
sb.Append(" (simulated hw vp)");
}
else if (behaviorFlags.MixedVertexProcessing) {
if (deviceInfo.DevType == DeviceType.Hardware)
sb.Append(" (mixed vp)");
else
sb.Append(" (simulated mixed vp)");
}
else if (behaviorFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing) {
sb.Append(" (sw vp)");
}
if (deviceInfo.DevType == DeviceType.Hardware) {
sb.Append(": ");
sb.Append(adapterInfo.AdapterDetails.Description);
}
// Set device stats string
deviceStats = sb.ToString();
// Set up the fullscreen cursor
if (showCursorWhenFullscreen && !windowed) {
System.Windows.Forms.Cursor ourCursor = this.Cursor;
device.SetCursor(ourCursor, true);
device.ShowCursor(true);
}
// Confine cursor to fullscreen window
if (clipCursorWhenFullscreen) {
if (!windowed) {
System.Drawing.Rectangle rcWindow = this.ClientRectangle;
}
}
// Setup the event handlers for our device
device.DeviceLost += new System.EventHandler(this.InvalidateDeviceObjects);
device.DeviceReset += new System.EventHandler(this.RestoreDeviceObjects);
device.Disposing += new System.EventHandler(this.DeleteDeviceObjects);
device.DeviceResizing += new System.ComponentModel.CancelEventHandler(this.EnvironmentResized);
// Initialize the app's device-dependent objects
try {
InitializeDeviceObjects();
RestoreDeviceObjects(null, null);
active = true;
return;
}
catch {
// Cleanup before we try again
InvalidateDeviceObjects(null, null);
DeleteDeviceObjects(null, null);
device.Dispose();
device = null;
if (this.Disposing)
return;
}
}
catch {
// If that failed, fall back to the reference rasterizer
if (deviceInfo.DevType == DeviceType.Hardware) {
if (FindBestWindowedMode(false, true)) {
windowed = true;
// Make sure main window isn't topmost, so error message is visible
System.Drawing.Size currentClientSize = this.ClientSize;
this.Size = this.ClientSize;
this.SendToBack();
this.BringToFront();
this.ClientSize = currentClientSize;
// Let the user know we are switching from HAL to the reference rasterizer
HandleSampleException(null, ApplicationMessage.WarnSwitchToRef);
InitializeEnvironment();
}
}
}
}
