// Based on the camera attributes and the target's special camera attributes, find out where the
// camera should move to.
public Vector3 GetGoalPosition()
{
// If there is no target, don't move the camera. So return the camera's current position as the goal position.
if (!target)
{
return(transform.position);
}
// Our camera script can take attributes from the target. If there are no attributes attached, we have
// the following defaults.
// How high in world space should the camera look above the target?
float heightOffset = 0.0f;
// How much should we zoom the camera based on this target?
float distanceModifier = 1.0f;
// By default, we won't account for any target velocity in our calculations;
float velocityLookAhead = 0.0f;
Vector2 maxLookAhead = new Vector2(0.0f, 0.0f);
// Look for CameraTargetAttributes in our target.
CameraTargetAttributes cameraTargetAttributes = (CameraTargetAttributes)target.GetComponent("CameraTargetAttributes");
// If our target has special attributes, use these instead of our above defaults.
if (cameraTargetAttributes)
{
heightOffset = cameraTargetAttributes.heightOffset;
distanceModifier = cameraTargetAttributes.distanceModifier;
velocityLookAhead = cameraTargetAttributes.velocityLookAhead;
maxLookAhead = cameraTargetAttributes.maxLookAhead;
}
// First do a rough goalPosition that simply follows the target at a certain relative height and distance.
Vector3 goalPosition = target.position + new Vector3(0, heightOffset, -distance * distanceModifier);
// Next, we refine our goalPosition by taking into account our target's current velocity.
// This will make the camera slightly look ahead to wherever the character is going.
// First assume there is no velocity.
// This is so if the camera's target is not a Rigidbody, it won't do any look-ahead calculations because everything will be zero.
Vector3 targetVelocity = Vector3.zero;
// If we find a Rigidbody on the target, that means we can access a velocity!
targetRigidbody = (Rigidbody)target.GetComponent("Rigidbody");
if (targetRigidbody)
{
targetVelocity = targetRigidbody.velocity;
}
// If we find a PlatformerController on the target, we can access a velocity from that!
PlatformerController targetPlatformerController = (PlatformerController)(target.GetComponent("PlatformerController"));
if (targetPlatformerController)
{
targetVelocity = targetPlatformerController.GetVelocity();
}
// If you've had a physics class, you may recall an equation similar to: position = velocity * time;
// Here we estimate what the target's position will be in velocityLookAhead seconds.
Vector3 lookAhead = targetVelocity * velocityLookAhead;
// We clamp the lookAhead vector to some sane values so that the target doesn't go offscreen.
// This calculation could be more advanced (lengthy), taking into account the target's viewport position,
// but this works pretty well in practice.
lookAhead.x = Mathf.Clamp(lookAhead.x, -maxLookAhead.x, maxLookAhead.x);
lookAhead.y = Mathf.Clamp(lookAhead.y, -maxLookAhead.y, maxLookAhead.y);
// We never want to take z velocity into account as this is 2D. Just make sure it's zero.
lookAhead.z = 0.0f;
// Now add in our lookAhead calculation. Our camera following is now a bit better!
goalPosition += lookAhead;
// To put the icing on the cake, we will make so the positions beyond the level boundaries
// are never seen. This gives your level a great contained feeling, with a definite beginning
// and ending.
Vector3 clampOffset = Vector3.zero;
// Temporarily set the camera to the goal position so we can test positions for clamping.
// But first, save the previous position.
Vector3 cameraPositionSave = transform.position;
transform.position = goalPosition;
// Get the target position in viewport space. Viewport space is relative to the camera.
// The bottom left is (0,0) and the upper right is (1,1)
// @TODO Viewport space changing in Unity 2.0?
Vector3 targetViewportPosition = GetComponent <Camera>().WorldToViewportPoint(target.position);
// First clamp to the right and top. After this we will clamp to the bottom and left, so it will override this
// clamping if it needs to. This only occurs if your level is really small so that the camera sees more than
// the entire level at once.
// What is the world position of the very upper right corner of the camera?
Vector3 upperRightCameraInWorld = GetComponent <Camera>().ViewportToWorldPoint(new Vector3(1.0f, 1.0f, targetViewportPosition.z));
// Find out how far outside the world the camera is right now.
clampOffset.x = Mathf.Min(levelBounds.xMax - upperRightCameraInWorld.x, 0.0f);
clampOffset.y = Mathf.Min((levelBounds.yMax - upperRightCameraInWorld.y), 0.0f);
// Now we apply our clamping to our goalPosition. Now our camera won't go past the right and top boundaries of the level!
goalPosition += clampOffset;
// Now we do basically the same thing, except clamp to the lower left of the level. This will override any previous clamping
// if the level is really small. That way you'll for sure never see past the lower-left of the level, but if the camera is
// zoomed out too far for the level size, you will see past the right or top of the level.
transform.position = goalPosition;
Vector3 lowerLeftCameraInWorld = GetComponent <Camera>().ViewportToWorldPoint(new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, targetViewportPosition.z));
// Find out how far outside the world the camera is right now.
clampOffset.x = Mathf.Max((levelBounds.xMin - lowerLeftCameraInWorld.x), 0.0f);
clampOffset.y = Mathf.Max((levelBounds.yMin - lowerLeftCameraInWorld.y), 0.0f);
// Now we apply our clamping to our goalPosition once again. Now our camera won't go past the left and bottom boundaries of the level!
goalPosition += clampOffset;
// Now that we're done calling functions on the camera, we can set the position back to the saved position;
transform.position = cameraPositionSave;
// Send back our spiffily calculated goalPosition back to the caller!
return(goalPosition);
}