/// <summary>
        /// Updates the auth0 authentication header for the client id using username and password asynchronous.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="clientId">The client identifier.</param>
        /// <param name="forceRefresh">if set to <c>true</c> [force refresh].</param>
        /// <returns>
        /// A task, when completed, ensures that the authentication header got updated.
        /// </returns>
        /// <exception cref="System.Collections.Generic.KeyNotFoundException"></exception>
        private async Task UpdateAuthHeaderWithUsernameAndPasswordAsync(string clientId, bool forceRefresh = false)
        {
            if (await syncObject.WaitAsync(5000))
            {
                try
                {
                    if (!clientTokenCache.ContainsKey(clientId))
                    {
                        throw new KeyNotFoundException($"Cannot update the auth token for client {clientId}, because of missing information.");
                    }

                    // Only update if really needed.
                    // Especially when multiple tasks are invoked at the same time we only need to update once.
                    // Testing for a valid token happens within GetAuthHeaderForClient but outside of the locked section.
                    // Therefore it might happen that the token was already updated once entering the locked section.
                    if (clientTokenCache[clientId].LastRefresh > DateTimeOffset.Now.AddSeconds(-5) && !forceRefresh)
                    {
                        return;
                    }

                    var request = new AuthenticationRequestDto
                    {
                        ClientId   = clientId,                                   // client ID from bucket service Auth0 app
                        Username   = clientTokenCache[clientId].Auth0Username,   // auth0 user
                        Password   = clientTokenCache[clientId].Auth0Password,   // the corresponding password
                        Scope      = "openid",                                   // we want openID process
                        Connection = clientTokenCache[clientId].Auth0Connection, // auth0 connection
                        GrantType  = "password",                                 // it should be granted based on our password
                        Device     = "api"                                       // we want to access an API
                    };

                    // authenticate with auth0
                    var authToken = await authenticationApiClient.AuthenticateAsync(request, clientTokenCache[clientId].Auth0ServerUrl);

                    // set the authorization header
                    clientTokenCache[clientId].Auth0HeaderValue = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", authToken.IdToken);
                    clientTokenCache[clientId].LastRefresh      = DateTimeOffset.Now;
                    logger.LogInformation($"Successfully authenticated with the service client id {clientId} with username and password.");

                    ScheduleAutoRefresh(clientTokenCache[clientId]);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    // any exceptions during authentication are logged here
                    logger.LogError($"Error authenticating with service: {clientId} using user {clientTokenCache[clientId].Auth0Username}.", ex);
                }
                finally
                {
                    syncObject.Release();
                }
            }
            else
            {
                logger.LogWarning("Auth0TokenProvider could not get lock for retrieving an authentication token.");
            }
        }