private Vector3D GetColor(Ray r, HittableList world, int depth)
{
HitRecord rec;
if (world.Hit(r, 0.001, double.MaxValue, out rec))
{
Ray scattered;
Vector3D attenuation;
if (depth < 50 && rec.matPtr.Scatter(r, rec, out attenuation, out scattered)) //只递归50次，避免无谓的性能浪费
{
Vector3D color = GetColor(scattered, world, depth + 1); //每次光线衰减之后深度加一
return(new Vector3D(attenuation.X * color.X, attenuation.Y * color.Y, attenuation.Z * color.Z));
}
else
{
return(new Vector3D(0, 0, 0));
}
}
else
{
Vector3D unitDirection = r.Direction.UnitVector();
double t = 0.5 * (unitDirection.Y + 1);
return((1 - t) * new Vector3D(1, 1, 1) + t * new Vector3D(0.5, 0.7, 1));
}
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
int nx = 200;
int ny = 100;
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(nx, ny);
Vector3D lowerLeft = new Vector3D(-2, 1, -1);
Vector3D horizontal = new Vector3D(4, 0, 0);
Vector3D vertical = new Vector3D(0, -2, 0);
Vector3D origin = new Vector3D(0, 0, 0);
List <Hittable> list = new List <Hittable>();
list.Add(new Sphere(new Vector3D(0, 0, -1), 0.5));
list.Add(new Sphere(new Vector3D(0, -100.5, -1), 100));
HittableList world = new HittableList(list, 2);
for (int j = 0; j < ny; j++)
{
for (int i = 0; i < nx; i++)
{
double u = (double)i / (double)nx;
double v = (double)j / (double)ny;
Ray ray = new Ray(origin, lowerLeft + u * horizontal + v * vertical);
Vector3D p = ray.GetPoint(2);
Vector3D color = GetColor(ray, world);
int r = (int)(255 * color.X);
int g = (int)(255 * color.Y);
int b = (int)(255 * color.Z);
bmp.SetPixel(i, j, Color.FromArgb(r, g, b)); //如果之前没有将判别式除以4的话这里会报错，则需要限定一下边界，
//将rgb的值限制在0到255之间，会得到一个和书上不一样的球
}
}
pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = bmp;
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int xRes = 720;
int yRes = 480;
int runs = 10;
IMaterial cyan = new LambertianDiffuse(new Color3(0, 0.88, 0.88));
IMaterial gray = new LambertianDiffuse(new Color3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5));
IMaterial red = new LambertianDiffuse(new Color3(0.8, 0.2, 0.2));
IMaterial metal = new Metal(new Color3(0.9, 0.9, 0.9), 0);
Renderer raytracer = new()
{
// Define objects in the scene
HittableObjects = new HittableList
{
new Sphere(0, 1, 0, 0.5, gray),
new Sphere(1, 1, 0, 0.5, red),
new Sphere(0, 1, -100.5, 100, metal),
new Sphere(0, -2, 0, 1, cyan)
}
};
// Define the camera
Camera camera = new(xRes, yRes)
{
Origin = new Vector3(-1, 0, 0),
MultithreadedRendering = true,
SamplesPerPixel = 100,
MaxBounces = 12
};
long[] frameTimes = new long[runs];
for (int i = 0; i < runs; i++)
{
raytracer.RenderScene(camera, out long frameTime);
frameTimes[i] = frameTime;
Console.WriteLine("Run {0} | Time: {1} | Time Per Pixel: {2}", i, frameTime, (double)frameTime / (double)(xRes * yRes));
}
Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine("Total Runs: {0}\nResolution: {1}x{2}", runs, xRes, yRes);
Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------------");
long sum = 0;
Array.ForEach(frameTimes, i => sum += i);
Console.WriteLine("Total frametime: {0} ms", sum);
Console.WriteLine("Average frametime: {0} ms", sum / runs);
Console.WriteLine("Average time per pixel: {0} ms", (double)sum / (double)runs / (double)(xRes * yRes));
Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------------");
}
}
}
static async Task Main(string[] args)
{
var img_width = int.Parse(args[0]);
var img_height = int.Parse(args[1]);
var spp = int.Parse(args[2]);
var destination_folder = args[3];
var film = new Film(img_height, img_width, spp);
var lookFrom = new Vector3(3, 3, 2);
var lookAt = new Vector3(0, 0, -1);
var vup = new Vector3(0, 1, 0);
var cam = new Camera(
lookFrom,
lookAt,
vup,
20,
((double)img_width) / img_height,
1,
(lookFrom - lookAt).Length
);
var rng = new Random(1);
var world = new HittableList(new[] {
new Sphere(new Vector3(0, 0, -1), 0.5, new Lambertian(new Vector3(0.1, 0.2, 0.5))),
new Sphere(new Vector3(0, -100.5, -1), 100, new Lambertian(new Vector3(0.8, 0.8, 0))),
new Sphere(new Vector3(1, 0, -1), 0.5, new Metal(new Vector3(0.8, 0.6, 0.2), 0)),
new Sphere(new Vector3(-1, 0, -1), 0.5, new Dielectric(1.5)),
new Sphere(new Vector3(-1, 0, -1), -0.45, new Dielectric(1.5)),
});
for (var j = 0; j < img_height; j++)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Scanlines remaining: {(img_height - j).ToString()}");
for (var i = 0; i < img_width; i++)
{
for (var s = 0; s < spp; s++)
{
var u = (i + rng.NextDouble()) / img_width;
var v = (j + rng.NextDouble()) / img_height;
var ray = cam.GetRay(u, v);
film.AddSample(i, j, RayColor(ray, world, 50));
}
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Writing film");
await film.WriteToFile($@"{destination_folder}\img_{DateTime.UtcNow.Ticks}.ppm");
Console.WriteLine("Done");
}
private Vector3D GetColor(Ray r, HittableList world)
{
HitRecord rec;
if (world.Hit(r, 0, double.MaxValue, out rec))
{
return(0.5 * new Vector3D(rec.normal.X + 1, rec.normal.Y + 1, rec.normal.Z + 1));
}
else
{
Vector3D unitDirection = r.Direction.UnitVector();
double t = 0.5 * (unitDirection.Y + 1);
return((1 - t) * new Vector3D(1, 1, 1) + t * new Vector3D(0.5, 0.7, 1));
}
}
private HittableList RandomScene()
{
HittableList world = new HittableList();
world.Objects.Add(new Sphere(new Vec3(0, -1000, 0), 1000, new Lambertian(new Vec3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5))));
int i = 1;
Vec3 differenceCenter = new Vec3(4, 0.2, 0);
for (int a = -11; a < 11; a++)
{
for (int b = -11; b < 11; b++)
{
double chooseMat = RayTracerUtils.RandomDouble();
Vec3 center = new Vec3(a + 0.9 * RayTracerUtils.RandomDouble(), 0.2, b + 0.9 * RayTracerUtils.RandomDouble());
if ((center - differenceCenter).Length > 0.9)
{
if (chooseMat < 0.8)
{
//diffuse
Vec3 albedo = Vec3.Random() * Vec3.Random();
world.Objects.Add(new Sphere(center, 0.2, new Lambertian(albedo)));
}
else if (chooseMat < 0.95)
{
//metal
Vec3 albedo = Vec3.Random(0.5, 1);
double fuzz = RayTracerUtils.RandomDouble(0, 0.5);
world.Objects.Add(new Sphere(center, 0.2, new Metal(albedo, fuzz)));
}
else
{
//glass
world.Objects.Add(new Sphere(center, 0.2, new Dielectric(1.5)));
}
}
}
}
world.Objects.Add(new Sphere(new Vec3(0, 1, 0), 1.0, new Dielectric(1.5)));
world.Objects.Add(new Sphere(new Vec3(-4, 1, 0), 1.0, new Lambertian(new Vec3(0.4, 0.2, 0.1))));
world.Objects.Add(new Sphere(new Vec3(4, 1, 0), 1.0, new Metal(new Vec3(0.7, 0.6, 0.5), 0.0)));
return(world);
}
private Vector3D GetColor(Ray r, HittableList world)
{
HitRecord rec;
if (world.Hit(r, 0.0000001, double.MaxValue, out rec))
{
Vector3D target = rec.p + rec.normal + RandomInUnitShpere( ); //击中点加法线向量得到击中点单位球的球心，球心加上
//随机向量得到反射的方向。
return(0.5 * GetColor(new Ray(rec.p, target - rec.p), world)); //每次碰撞都使光线强度减半
}
else
{
Vector3D unitDirection = r.Direction.UnitVector();
double t = 0.5 * (unitDirection.Y + 1);
return((1 - t) * new Vector3D(1, 1, 1) + t * new Vector3D(0.5, 0.7, 1));
}
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
int nx = 200;
int ny = 100;
int ns = 100;
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(nx, ny);
Vector3D lookFrom = new Vector3D(3, 3, 2);
Vector3D lookAt = new Vector3D(0, 0, -1);
double diskToFocus = (lookFrom - lookAt).Length();
double aperture = 2;
Camera cam = new Camera(lookFrom, lookAt, new Vector3D(0, 1, 0), 20,
(double)nx / (double)ny, aperture, diskToFocus);
List <Hittable> list = new List <Hittable>();
list.Add(new Sphere(new Vector3D(0, 0, -1), 0.5, new Lambertian(new Vector3D(0.1, 0.2, 0.5))));
list.Add(new Sphere(new Vector3D(0, -100.5, -1), 100, new Lambertian(new Vector3D(0.8, 0.8, 0))));
list.Add(new Sphere(new Vector3D(1, 0, -1), 0.5, new Metal(new Vector3D(0.8, 0.6, 0.2), 0.0)));
list.Add(new Sphere(new Vector3D(-1, 0, -1), 0.5, new Dielectric(1.5)));
list.Add(new Sphere(new Vector3D(-1, 0, -1), -0.45, new Dielectric(1.5)));
HittableList world = new HittableList(list, list.Count);
for (int j = 0; j < ny; j++)
{
for (int i = 0; i < nx; i++)
{
Vector3D color = new Vector3D(0, 0, 0);
for (int s = 0; s < ns; s++)
{
double u = (double)(i + RandomDouble()) / (double)nx;
double v = 1 - (double)(j + RandomDouble()) / (double)ny;
Ray ray = cam.GetRay(u, v);
color += GetColor(ray, world, 0); //将所有采样点的颜色相加
}
color /= ns; //除以采样点的数量得到平均值
color = new Vector3D(Math.Sqrt(color.X), Math.Sqrt(color.Y), Math.Sqrt(color.Z)); //进行伽马校正
int r = (int)(255 * color.X);
int g = (int)(255 * color.Y);
int b = (int)(255 * color.Z);
bmp.SetPixel(i, j, Color.FromArgb(r, g, b));
}
}
pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = bmp;
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
int nx = 200;
int ny = 100;
int ns = 100;
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(nx, ny);
Vector3D lowerLeft = new Vector3D(-2, 1, -1);
Vector3D horizontal = new Vector3D(4, 0, 0);
Vector3D vertical = new Vector3D(0, -2, 0);
Vector3D origin = new Vector3D(0, 0, 0);
List <Hittable> list = new List <Hittable>();
list.Add(new Sphere(new Vector3D(0, 0, -1), 0.5, new Lambertian(new Vector3D(0.8, 0.3, 0.3))));
list.Add(new Sphere(new Vector3D(0, -100.5, -1), 100, new Lambertian(new Vector3D(0.8, 0.8, 0))));
list.Add(new Sphere(new Vector3D(1, 0, -1), 0.5, new Metal(new Vector3D(0.8, 0.6, 0.2), 0.3)));
list.Add(new Sphere(new Vector3D(-1, 0, -1), 0.5, new Metal(new Vector3D(0.8, 0.8, 0.8), 1)));
HittableList world = new HittableList(list, list.Count);
Camera cam = new Camera();
for (int j = 0; j < ny; j++)
{
for (int i = 0; i < nx; i++)
{
Vector3D color = new Vector3D(0, 0, 0);
for (int s = 0; s < ns; s++)
{
double u = (double)(i + RandomDouble()) / (double)nx;
double v = (double)(j + RandomDouble()) / (double)ny;
Ray ray = cam.GetRay(u, v);
color += GetColor(ray, world, 0); //将所有采样点的颜色相加
}
color /= ns; //除以采样点的数量得到平均值
color = new Vector3D(Math.Sqrt(color.X), Math.Sqrt(color.Y), Math.Sqrt(color.Z)); //进行伽马校正
int r = (int)(255 * color.X);
int g = (int)(255 * color.Y);
int b = (int)(255 * color.Z);
bmp.SetPixel(i, j, Color.FromArgb(r, g, b));
}
}
pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = bmp;
}
static void Main()
{
bool writeDebugInfo = false;
IMaterial groundMaterial = new LambertianDiffuse(Color3.FromRgb(255, 212, 216));
IMaterial rightMaterial = new Metal(Color3.FromRgb(220, 220, 220));
IMaterial leftMaterial = new Dielectric(1.5);
IMaterial centerMaterial = new LambertianDiffuse(Color3.FromRgb(222, 133, 255));
Renderer renderer = new()
{
// Define objects in the scene
HittableObjects = new HittableList
{
new Sphere(new Vector3(0, 1, -100.5), 100, groundMaterial),
new Sphere(new Vector3(0, 1, 0), 0.5, centerMaterial),
new Sphere(new Vector3(-1, 1, 0), 0.5, leftMaterial),
new Sphere(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), 0.5, rightMaterial),
}
};
// Define the camera
Camera camera = new(1280, 720)
{
Origin = new Vector3(0, 0, 0),
MultithreadedRendering = true,
SamplesPerPixel = 100,
MaxBounces = 12
};
// Render
RenderResult result = new();
result.frameNumber = 0;
result.camera = camera;
result.pixels = renderer.RenderScene(camera, out result.frameTime);
// Write to disk
System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory("./images/");
Renderer.WriteFrame("./images/image_" + result.frameNumber + ".png", result.pixels, result.camera.ResolutionHeight, result.camera.ResolutionWidth, ImageFormat.Png, writeDebugInfo, result.frameTime, result.camera);
}
}
static async Task Main(string[] args)
{
var rayTracer = new RayTracer(1024, 768);
rayTracer.Progress += remaining => Console.WriteLine("Remaining scan lines: {0}", remaining);
var world = new HittableList();
world.Add(new Sphere(new Vector3(0, 0, -1), 0.5d));
world.Add(new Sphere(new Vector3(0, -50.5d, -1), 50));
var filePath = Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "result.ppm");
using (var fileStream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))
{
using (var result = await rayTracer.Go <PpmOutput>(world))
{
await result.CopyToAsync(fileStream);
}
}
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
int nx = 200;
int ny = 100;
int ns = 100; //设置采样率抗锯齿，但渲染所需要的时间也变长了，获得随机数使用了大量时间,
//有时间的话可以优化一下函数RandomDouble
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(nx, ny);
Vector3D lowerLeft = new Vector3D(-2, 1, -1);
Vector3D horizontal = new Vector3D(4, 0, 0);
Vector3D vertical = new Vector3D(0, -2, 0);
Vector3D origin = new Vector3D(0, 0, 0);
List <Hittable> list = new List <Hittable>();
list.Add(new Sphere(new Vector3D(0, 0, -1), 0.5));
list.Add(new Sphere(new Vector3D(0, -100.5, -1), 100));
HittableList world = new HittableList(list, 2);
Camera cam = new Camera();
for (int j = 0; j < ny; j++)
{
for (int i = 0; i < nx; i++)
{
Vector3D color = new Vector3D(0, 0, 0);
for (int s = 0; s < ns; s++)
{
double u = (double)(i + RandomDouble()) / (double)nx;
double v = (double)(j + RandomDouble()) / (double)ny;
Ray ray = cam.GetRay(u, v);
color += GetColor(ray, world); //将所有采样点的颜色相加
}
color /= ns; //除以采样点的数量得到平均值
int r = (int)(255 * color.X);
int g = (int)(255 * color.Y);
int b = (int)(255 * color.Z);
bmp.SetPixel(i, j, Color.FromArgb(r, g, b));
}
}
pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = bmp;
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
int nx = 800; //渲染这一章的图需要的时间比较长，可能需要四五个小时，建议在relese模式下进行，也可以改小分辨率和采样率
int ny = 400;
int ns = 100;
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(nx, ny);
Vector3D lookFrom = new Vector3D(13, 2, 3);
Vector3D lookAt = new Vector3D(0, 0, 0);
double diskToFocus = (lookFrom - lookAt).Length();
double aperture = 0;
Camera cam = new Camera(lookFrom, lookAt, new Vector3D(0, 1, 0), 20,
(double)nx / (double)ny, aperture, 0.7 * diskToFocus);
HittableList world = RandomScene();
for (int j = 0; j < ny; j++)
{
for (int i = 0; i < nx; i++)
{
Vector3D color = new Vector3D(0, 0, 0);
for (int s = 0; s < ns; s++)
{
double u = (double)(i + RandomDouble()) / (double)nx;
double v = 1 - (double)(j + RandomDouble()) / (double)ny;
Ray ray = cam.GetRay(u, v);
color += GetColor(ray, world, 0); //将所有采样点的颜色相加
}
color /= ns; //除以采样点的数量得到平均值
color = new Vector3D(Math.Sqrt(color.X), Math.Sqrt(color.Y), Math.Sqrt(color.Z)); //进行伽马校正
int r = (int)(255 * color.X);
int g = (int)(255 * color.Y);
int b = (int)(255 * color.Z);
bmp.SetPixel(i, j, Color.FromArgb(r, g, b));
}
}
pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = bmp;
}
private string RenderScene()
{
pboxPreview.Image = null;
int width = int.Parse(txtbxWidth.Text);
int height = int.Parse(txtbxHeight.Text);
int samples = int.Parse(txtbxSamples.Text);
int chunkSize = int.Parse(txtbxChunkSize.Text);
string fname = "Test";
if (txtbxFileName.Text != "")
{
fname = txtbxFileName.Text;
}
List <Hittable> activeHittables = new List <Hittable>();
foreach (string hittableName in listbxHittables.CheckedItems)
{
activeHittables.Add(GetHittable(hittableName));
}
XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(PTObject[]));
using (XmlWriter writer = XmlWriter.Create("autosave.xml"))
{
List <PTObject> temp = new List <PTObject>();
foreach (PTObject material in materials.Values)
{
temp.Add(material);
}
foreach (PTObject hittable in hittables.Values)
{
temp.Add(hittable);
}
serializer.Serialize(writer, temp.ToArray());
}
PTObject scene = new HittableList(activeHittables.ToArray());
Vec3 lookFrom = new Vec3(2f, 1.2f, -2f);
Vec3 lookAt = new Vec3(-2f, 0f, 2f);
System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch sw = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
sw.Start();
if (!PTObject.RenderSceneChunked(
width, height, samples, chunkSize, fname,
lookFrom, lookAt, new Vec3(0f, 1f, 0f), (float)Math.PI / 3f, (float)width / height, 0f, (lookFrom - lookAt).Length,
scene))
{
// all objects are invalidated if rendering fails.
foreach (string textureName in textures.Keys)
{
GetTexture(textureName).Destroy();
}
textures.Clear();
foreach (string materialName in materials.Keys)
{
GetMaterial(materialName).Destroy();
}
materials.Clear();
foreach (string hittableName in hittables.Keys)
{
GetHittable(hittableName).Destroy();
}
hittables.Clear();
scene.Destroy();
using (XmlReader reader = XmlReader.Create("autosave.xml"))
{
PTObject[] autosaved = serializer.Deserialize(reader) as PTObject[];
for (int i = 0; i < autosaved.Length; i++)
{
switch (autosaved[i].Kind)
{
case PTObject.PTObjectKind.Hittable:
hittables.Add(i.ToString(), autosaved[i] as Hittable);
break;
case PTObject.PTObjectKind.Material:
materials.Add(i.ToString(), autosaved[i] as Material);
break;
case PTObject.PTObjectKind.Texture:
textures.Add(i.ToString(), autosaved[i] as Texture);
break;
}
}
}
return("Rendering failed.");
}
sw.Stop();
scene.Destroy();
Bitmap image = ReadBitmapFromPPM(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\" + fname + ".ppm");
pboxPreview.Image = image;
return($"Last Render Took: {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds} ms");
}
public void Output(string path)
{
Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
sw.Start();
using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(path))
{
writer.WriteLine("P3");
writer.WriteLine(IMAGE_WIDTH + " " + IMAGE_HEIGHT);
writer.WriteLine("255");
double aspectRatio = IMAGE_WIDTH / IMAGE_HEIGHT;
Vec3 lookFrom = new Vec3(13, 2, 3);
Vec3 lookAt = new Vec3(0, 0, 0);
Vec3 vUp = new Vec3(0, 1, 0);
double distanceToFocus = 10.0;
double aperture = 0.1;
Camera cam = new Camera(lookFrom, lookAt, vUp, 20, aspectRatio, aperture, distanceToFocus);
HittableList world = RandomScene();
Vec3[,] colors = new Vec3[IMAGE_HEIGHT, IMAGE_WIDTH];
int linesRemaining = IMAGE_HEIGHT;
Parallel.For(0, IMAGE_HEIGHT, j =>
{
// We handle each pixel of the line on a different thread to speed up the process
Parallel.For(0, IMAGE_WIDTH, i =>
{
Vec3 color = new Vec3();
for (int s = 0; s < SAMPLES_PER_PIXEL; ++s)
{
double u = (i + RayTracerUtils.RandomDouble()) / IMAGE_WIDTH;
double v = (j + RayTracerUtils.RandomDouble()) / IMAGE_HEIGHT;
Ray r = cam.GetRay(u, v);
color += RayColor(r, world, MAX_DEPTH);
}
lock (colors)
{
colors[j, i] = color;
}
});
double percentage = 100.0 - (double)--linesRemaining / IMAGE_HEIGHT * 100.0;
Progress(this, new ProgressArgs(percentage));
});
// Output the colors in the file
for (int j = IMAGE_HEIGHT - 1; j >= 0; --j)
{
for (int i = 0; i < IMAGE_WIDTH; ++i)
{
colors[j, i].WriteColor(writer, SAMPLES_PER_PIXEL);
}
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine($"Time: {sw.Elapsed.Minutes}:{sw.Elapsed.Seconds:00}");
}
public RenderEngine(Camera camera, HittableList hittables)
{
this.Camera = camera;
this.Hittables = hittables;
}
