/// <summary>
/// Handles 'CC' cases.
/// </summary>
private int HandleCC(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (Contains(value, index + 2, 1, "I", "E", "H") &&
!Contains(value, index + 2, 2, "HU"))
{
//-- "bellocchio" but not "bacchus" --//
if ((index == 1 && CharAt(value, index - 1) == 'A') ||
Contains(value, index - 1, 5, "UCCEE", "UCCES"))
{
//-- "accident", "accede", "succeed" --//
result.Append("KS");
}
else
{
//-- "bacci", "bertucci", other Italian --//
result.Append('X');
}
index += 3;
}
else
{ // Pierce's rule
result.Append('K');
index += 2;
}
return(index);
}
/// <summary>
/// Handles 'D' cases.
/// </summary>
private int HandleD(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (Contains(value, index, 2, "DG"))
{
//-- "Edge" --//
if (Contains(value, index + 2, 1, "I", "E", "Y"))
{
result.Append('J');
index += 3;
//-- "Edgar" --//
}
else
{
result.Append("TK");
index += 2;
}
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "DT", "DD"))
{
result.Append('T');
index += 2;
}
else
{
result.Append('T');
index++;
}
return(index);
}
/// <summary>
/// Handles 'T' cases.
/// </summary>
private int HandleT(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (Contains(value, index, 4, "TION"))
{
result.Append('X');
index += 3;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 3, "TIA", "TCH"))
{
result.Append('X');
index += 3;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "TH") || Contains(value, index, 3, "TTH"))
{
if (Contains(value, index + 2, 2, "OM", "AM") ||
//-- special case "thomas", "thames" or germanic --//
Contains(value, 0, 4, "VAN ", "VON ") ||
Contains(value, 0, 3, "SCH"))
{
result.Append('T');
}
else
{
result.Append('0', 'T');
}
index += 2;
}
else
{
result.Append('T');
index = Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "T", "D") ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return(index);
}
//-- BEGIN HANDLERS --//
/// <summary>
/// Handles 'A', 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U', and 'Y' cases.
/// </summary>
private int HandleAEIOUY(DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (index == 0)
{
result.Append('A');
}
return(index + 1);
}
//-- BEGIN HANDLERS --//
/**
* Handles 'A', 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U', and 'Y' cases
*/
private int handleAEIOUY(String value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int
index)
{
if (index == 0)
{
result.append('A');
}
return(index + 1);
}
/// <summary>
/// Handles 'P' cases.
/// </summary>
private int HandleP(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'H')
{
result.Append('F');
index += 2;
}
else
{
result.Append('P');
index = Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "P", "B") ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return(index);
}
/// <summary>
/// Handles 'J' cases.
/// </summary>
private int HandleJ(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index,
bool slavoGermanic)
{
if (Contains(value, index, 4, "JOSE") || Contains(value, 0, 4, "SAN "))
{
//-- obvious Spanish, "Jose", "San Jacinto" --//
if ((index == 0 && (CharAt(value, index + 4) == ' ') ||
value.Length == 4) || Contains(value, 0, 4, "SAN "))
{
result.Append('H');
}
else
{
result.Append('J', 'H');
}
index++;
}
else
{
if (index == 0 && !Contains(value, index, 4, "JOSE"))
{
result.Append('J', 'A');
}
else if (IsVowel(CharAt(value, index - 1)) && !slavoGermanic &&
(CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'A' || CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'O'))
{
result.Append('J', 'H');
}
else if (index == value.Length - 1)
{
result.Append('J', ' ');
}
else if (!Contains(value, index + 1, 1, L_T_K_S_N_M_B_Z) &&
!Contains(value, index - 1, 1, "S", "K", "L"))
{
result.Append('J');
}
if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'J')
{
index += 2;
}
else
{
index++;
}
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'W' cases
*/
private int handleW(String value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index)
{
if (contains(value, index, 2, "WR"))
{
//-- can also be in middle of word --//
result.append('R');
index += 2;
}
else
{
if (index == 0 && (isVowel(charAt(value, index + 1)) ||
contains(value, index, 2, "WH")))
{
if (isVowel(charAt(value, index + 1)))
{
//-- Wasserman should match Vasserman --//
result.append('A', 'F');
}
else
{
//-- need Uomo to match Womo --//
result.append('A');
}
index++;
}
else if ((index == value.length() - 1 && isVowel(charAt(value, index - 1))) ||
contains(value, index - 1,
5, "EWSKI", "EWSKY", "OWSKI", "OWSKY") ||
contains(value, 0, 3, "SCH"))
{
//-- Arnow should match Arnoff --//
result.appendAlternate('F');
index++;
}
else if (contains(value, index, 4, "WICZ", "WITZ"))
{
//-- Polish e.g. "filipowicz" --//
result.append("TS", "FX");
index += 4;
}
else
{
index++;
}
}
return(index);
}
/// <summary>
/// Handles 'R' cases.
/// </summary>
private int HandleR(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index,
bool slavoGermanic)
{
if (index == value.Length - 1 && !slavoGermanic &&
Contains(value, index - 2, 2, "IE") &&
!Contains(value, index - 4, 2, "ME", "MA"))
{
result.AppendAlternate('R');
}
else
{
result.Append('R');
}
return(CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'R' ? index + 2 : index + 1);
}
/// <summary>
/// Handles 'H' cases.
/// </summary>
private int HandleH(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
//-- only keep if first & before vowel or between 2 vowels --//
if ((index == 0 || IsVowel(CharAt(value, index - 1))) &&
IsVowel(CharAt(value, index + 1)))
{
result.Append('H');
index += 2;
//-- also takes car of "HH" --//
}
else
{
index++;
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'GH' cases
*/
private int handleGH(String value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index)
{
if (index > 0 && !isVowel(charAt(value, index - 1)))
{
result.append('K');
index += 2;
}
else if (index == 0)
{
if (charAt(value, index + 2) == 'I')
{
result.append('J');
}
else
{
result.append('K');
}
index += 2;
}
else if ((index > 1 && contains(value, index - 2, 1, "B", "H", "D")) ||
(index > 2 && contains(value, index - 3, 1, "B", "H", "D")) ||
(index > 3 && contains(value, index - 4, 1, "B", "H")))
{
//-- Parker's rule (with some further refinements) - "hugh"
index += 2;
}
else
{
if (index > 2 && charAt(value, index - 1) == 'U' &&
contains(value, index - 3, 1, "C", "G", "L", "R", "T"))
{
//-- "laugh", "McLaughlin", "cough", "gough", "rough", "tough"
result.append('F');
}
else if (index > 0 && charAt(value, index - 1) != 'I')
{
result.append('K');
}
index += 2;
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'SC' cases
*/
private int handleSC(String value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index)
{
if (charAt(value, index + 2) == 'H')
{
//-- Schlesinger's rule --//
if (contains(value, index + 3,
2, "OO", "ER", "EN", "UY", "ED", "EM"))
{
//-- Dutch origin, e.g. "school", "schooner" --//
if (contains(value, index + 3, 2, "ER", "EN"))
{
//-- "schermerhorn", "schenker" --//
result.append("X", "SK");
}
else
{
result.append("SK");
}
}
else
{
if (index == 0 && !isVowel(charAt(value, 3)) && charAt(value, 3) != 'W')
{
result.append('X', 'S');
}
else
{
result.append('X');
}
}
}
else if (contains(value, index + 2, 1, "I", "E", "Y"))
{
result.append('S');
}
else
{
result.append("SK");
}
return(index + 3);
}
/// <summary>
/// Handles 'X' cases.
/// </summary>
private int HandleX(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (index == 0)
{
result.Append('S');
index++;
}
else
{
if (!((index == value.Length - 1) &&
(Contains(value, index - 3, 3, "IAU", "EAU") ||
Contains(value, index - 2, 2, "AU", "OU"))))
{
//-- French e.g. breaux --//
result.Append("KS");
}
index = Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "C", "X") ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'CH' cases
*/
private int handleCH(String value,
DoubleMetaphoneResult result,
int index)
{
if (index > 0 && contains(value, index, 4, "CHAE"))
{ // Michael
result.append('K', 'X');
return(index + 2);
}
else if (conditionCH0(value, index))
{
//-- Greek roots ("chemistry", "chorus", etc.) --//
result.append('K');
return(index + 2);
}
else if (conditionCH1(value, index))
{
//-- Germanic, Greek, or otherwise 'ch' for 'kh' sound --//
result.append('K');
return(index + 2);
}
else
{
if (index > 0)
{
if (contains(value, 0, 2, "MC"))
{
result.append('K');
}
else
{
result.append('X', 'K');
}
}
else
{
result.append('X');
}
return(index + 2);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Handles 'L' cases.
/// </summary>
private int HandleL(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'L')
{
if (ConditionL0(value, index))
{
result.AppendPrimary('L');
}
else
{
result.Append('L');
}
index += 2;
}
else
{
index++;
result.Append('L');
}
return(index);
}
/**
* Handles 'Z' cases
*/
private int handleZ(String value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index,
bool slavoGermanic)
{
if (charAt(value, index + 1) == 'H')
{
//-- Chinese pinyin e.g. "zhao" or Angelina "Zhang" --//
result.append('J');
index += 2;
}
else
{
if (contains(value, index + 1, 2, "ZO", "ZI", "ZA") || (slavoGermanic && (index > 0 && charAt(value, index - 1) != 'T')))
{
result.append("S", "TS");
}
else
{
result.append('S');
}
index = charAt(value, index + 1) == 'Z' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return(index);
}
/// <summary>
/// Encode a value with Double Metaphone, optionally using the alternate encoding.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="value">String to encode.</param>
/// <param name="alternate">Use alternate encode.</param>
/// <returns>An encoded string.</returns>
public virtual string GetDoubleMetaphone(string value, bool alternate)
{
value = CleanInput(value);
if (value == null)
{
return(null);
}
bool slavoGermanic = IsSlavoGermanic(value);
int index = IsSilentStart(value) ? 1 : 0;
DoubleMetaphoneResult result = new DoubleMetaphoneResult(this.MaxCodeLen);
while (!result.IsComplete && index <= value.Length - 1)
{
switch (value[index])
{
case 'A':
case 'E':
case 'I':
case 'O':
case 'U':
case 'Y':
index = HandleAEIOUY(result, index);
break;
case 'B':
result.Append('P');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'B' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case '\u00C7':
// A C with a Cedilla
result.Append('S');
index++;
break;
case 'C':
index = HandleC(value, result, index);
break;
case 'D':
index = HandleD(value, result, index);
break;
case 'F':
result.Append('F');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'F' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case 'G':
index = HandleG(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
case 'H':
index = HandleH(value, result, index);
break;
case 'J':
index = HandleJ(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
case 'K':
result.Append('K');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'K' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case 'L':
index = HandleL(value, result, index);
break;
case 'M':
result.Append('M');
index = ConditionM0(value, index) ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case 'N':
result.Append('N');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'N' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case '\u00D1':
// N with a tilde (spanish ene)
result.Append('N');
index++;
break;
case 'P':
index = HandleP(value, result, index);
break;
case 'Q':
result.Append('K');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'Q' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case 'R':
index = HandleR(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
case 'S':
index = HandleS(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
case 'T':
index = HandleT(value, result, index);
break;
case 'V':
result.Append('F');
index = CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'V' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case 'W':
index = HandleW(value, result, index);
break;
case 'X':
index = HandleX(value, result, index);
break;
case 'Z':
index = HandleZ(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
default:
index++;
break;
}
}
return(alternate ? result.Alternate : result.Primary);
}
/**
* Encode a value with Double Metaphone, optionally using the alternate
* encoding.
*
* @param value String to encode
* @param alternate use alternate encode
* @return an encoded string
*/
public String doubleMetaphone(String value, bool alternate)
{
value = cleanInput(value);
if (value == null)
{
return(null);
}
bool slavoGermanic = isSlavoGermanic(value);
int index = isSilentStart(value) ? 1 : 0;
DoubleMetaphoneResult result = new DoubleMetaphoneResult(this.getMaxCodeLen(), this);
while (!result.isComplete() && index <= value.length() - 1)
{
switch (value.charAt(index))
{
case 'A':
case 'E':
case 'I':
case 'O':
case 'U':
case 'Y':
index = handleAEIOUY(value, result, index);
break;
case 'B':
result.append('P');
index = charAt(value, index + 1) == 'B' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case '\u00C7':
// A C with a Cedilla
result.append('S');
index++;
break;
case 'C':
index = handleC(value, result, index);
break;
case 'D':
index = handleD(value, result, index);
break;
case 'F':
result.append('F');
index = charAt(value, index + 1) == 'F' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case 'G':
index = handleG(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
case 'H':
index = handleH(value, result, index);
break;
case 'J':
index = handleJ(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
case 'K':
result.append('K');
index = charAt(value, index + 1) == 'K' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case 'L':
index = handleL(value, result, index);
break;
case 'M':
result.append('M');
index = conditionM0(value, index) ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case 'N':
result.append('N');
index = charAt(value, index + 1) == 'N' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case '\u00D1':
// N with a tilde (spanish ene)
result.append('N');
index++;
break;
case 'P':
index = handleP(value, result, index);
break;
case 'Q':
result.append('K');
index = charAt(value, index + 1) == 'Q' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case 'R':
index = handleR(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
case 'S':
index = handleS(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
case 'T':
index = handleT(value, result, index);
break;
case 'V':
result.append('F');
index = charAt(value, index + 1) == 'V' ? index + 2 : index + 1;
break;
case 'W':
index = handleW(value, result, index);
break;
case 'X':
index = handleX(value, result, index);
break;
case 'Z':
index = handleZ(value, result, index, slavoGermanic);
break;
default:
index++;
break;
}
}
return(alternate ? result.getAlternate() : result.getPrimary());
}
/// <summary>
/// Handles 'S' cases.
/// </summary>
private int HandleS(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index,
bool slavoGermanic)
{
if (Contains(value, index - 1, 3, "ISL", "YSL"))
{
//-- special cases "island", "isle", "carlisle", "carlysle" --//
index++;
}
else if (index == 0 && Contains(value, index, 5, "SUGAR"))
{
//-- special case "sugar-" --//
result.Append('X', 'S');
index++;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "SH"))
{
if (Contains(value, index + 1, 4, "HEIM", "HOEK", "HOLM", "HOLZ"))
{
//-- germanic --//
result.Append('S');
}
else
{
result.Append('X');
}
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 3, "SIO", "SIA") || Contains(value, index, 4, "SIAN"))
{
//-- Italian and Armenian --//
if (slavoGermanic)
{
result.Append('S');
}
else
{
result.Append('S', 'X');
}
index += 3;
}
else if ((index == 0 && Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "M", "N", "L", "W")) ||
Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "Z"))
{
//-- german & anglicisations, e.g. "smith" match "schmidt" //
// "snider" match "schneider" --//
//-- also, -sz- in slavic language although in hungarian it //
// is pronounced "s" --//
result.Append('S', 'X');
index = Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "Z") ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "SC"))
{
index = HandleSC(value, result, index);
}
else
{
if (index == value.Length - 1 && Contains(value, index - 2, 2, "AI", "OI"))
{
//-- french e.g. "resnais", "artois" --//
result.AppendAlternate('S');
}
else
{
result.Append('S');
}
index = Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "S", "Z") ? index + 2 : index + 1;
}
return(index);
}
/// <summary>
/// Handles 'C' cases.
/// </summary>
private int HandleC(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index)
{
if (ConditionC0(value, index))
{ // very confusing, moved out
result.Append('K');
index += 2;
}
else if (index == 0 && Contains(value, index, 6, "CAESAR"))
{
result.Append('S');
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "CH"))
{
index = HandleCH(value, result, index);
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "CZ") &&
!Contains(value, index - 2, 4, "WICZ"))
{
//-- "Czerny" --//
result.Append('S', 'X');
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 1, 3, "CIA"))
{
//-- "focaccia" --//
result.Append('X');
index += 3;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "CC") &&
!(index == 1 && CharAt(value, 0) == 'M'))
{
//-- double "cc" but not "McClelland" --//
return(HandleCC(value, result, index));
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "CK", "CG", "CQ"))
{
result.Append('K');
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index, 2, "CI", "CE", "CY"))
{
//-- Italian vs. English --//
if (Contains(value, index, 3, "CIO", "CIE", "CIA"))
{
result.Append('S', 'X');
}
else
{
result.Append('S');
}
index += 2;
}
else
{
result.Append('K');
if (Contains(value, index + 1, 2, " C", " Q", " G"))
{
//-- Mac Caffrey, Mac Gregor --//
index += 3;
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "C", "K", "Q") &&
!Contains(value, index + 1, 2, "CE", "CI"))
{
index += 2;
}
else
{
index++;
}
}
return(index);
}
/// <summary>
/// Handles 'G' cases.
/// </summary>
private int HandleG(string value, DoubleMetaphoneResult result, int index,
bool slavoGermanic)
{
if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'H')
{
index = HandleGH(value, result, index);
}
else if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'N')
{
if (index == 1 && IsVowel(CharAt(value, 0)) && !slavoGermanic)
{
result.Append("KN", "N");
}
else if (!Contains(value, index + 2, 2, "EY") &&
CharAt(value, index + 1) != 'Y' && !slavoGermanic)
{
result.Append("N", "KN");
}
else
{
result.Append("KN");
}
index = index + 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 1, 2, "LI") && !slavoGermanic)
{
result.Append("KL", "L");
index += 2;
}
else if (index == 0 &&
(CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'Y' ||
Contains(value, index + 1, 2, ES_EP_EB_EL_EY_IB_IL_IN_IE_EI_ER)))
{
//-- -ges-, -gep-, -gel-, -gie- at beginning --//
result.Append('K', 'J');
index += 2;
}
else if ((Contains(value, index + 1, 2, "ER") ||
CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'Y') &&
!Contains(value, 0, 6, "DANGER", "RANGER", "MANGER") &&
!Contains(value, index - 1, 1, "E", "I") &&
!Contains(value, index - 1, 3, "RGY", "OGY"))
{
//-- -ger-, -gy- --//
result.Append('K', 'J');
index += 2;
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 1, 1, "E", "I", "Y") ||
Contains(value, index - 1, 4, "AGGI", "OGGI"))
{
//-- Italian "biaggi" --//
if (Contains(value, 0, 4, "VAN ", "VON ") ||
Contains(value, 0, 3, "SCH") ||
Contains(value, index + 1, 2, "ET"))
{
//-- obvious germanic --//
result.Append('K');
}
else if (Contains(value, index + 1, 3, "IER"))
{
result.Append('J');
}
else
{
result.Append('J', 'K');
}
index += 2;
}
else if (CharAt(value, index + 1) == 'G')
{
index += 2;
result.Append('K');
}
else
{
index++;
result.Append('K');
}
return(index);
}
