Exemplo n.º 1
0
        protected INativeObject GetINativeInstance(Type t)
        {
            var ctor = t.GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes);

            if ((ctor != null) && !ctor.IsAbstract)
            {
                return(ctor.Invoke(null) as INativeObject);
            }

            if (!NativeObjectInterfaceType.IsAssignableFrom(t))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("t");
            }
            switch (t.Name)
            {
            case "CFAllocator":
                return(CFAllocator.SystemDefault);

            case "CFArray":
                return(Runtime.GetINativeObject <CFArray> (new NSArray().Handle, false));

            case "CFBundle":
                var bundles = CFBundle.GetAll();
                if (bundles.Length > 0)
                {
                    return(bundles [0]);
                }
                else
                {
                    throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format("Could not create the new instance for type {0}.", t.Name));
                }

            case "CFNotificationCenter":
                return(CFNotificationCenter.Darwin);

            case "CFReadStream":
            case "CFStream":
                CFReadStream  readStream;
                CFWriteStream writeStream;
                CFStream.CreatePairWithSocketToHost("www.google.com", 80, out readStream, out writeStream);
                return(readStream);

            case "CFWriteStream":
                CFStream.CreatePairWithSocketToHost("www.google.com", 80, out readStream, out writeStream);
                return(writeStream);

            case "CFUrl":
                return(CFUrl.FromFile("/etc"));

            case "CFPropertyList":
                return(CFPropertyList.FromData(NSData.FromString("<string>data</string>")).PropertyList);

            case "DispatchData":
                return(DispatchData.FromByteBuffer(new byte [] { 1, 2, 3, 4 }));

            case "AudioFile":
                var path = Path.GetFullPath("1.caf");
                var af   = AudioFile.Open(CFUrl.FromFile(path), AudioFilePermission.Read, AudioFileType.CAF);
                return(af);

            case "CFHTTPMessage":
                return(CFHTTPMessage.CreateEmpty(false));

            case "CFMutableString":
                return(new CFMutableString("xamarin"));

            case "CGBitmapContext":
                byte[] data = new byte [400];
                using (CGColorSpace space = CGColorSpace.CreateDeviceRGB()) {
                    return(new CGBitmapContext(data, 10, 10, 8, 40, space, CGBitmapFlags.PremultipliedLast));
                }

            case "CGContextPDF":
                var filename = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.CommonDocuments) + "/t.pdf";
                using (var url = new NSUrl(filename))
                    return(new CGContextPDF(url));

            case "CGColorConversionInfo":
                var cci = new GColorConversionInfoTriple()
                {
                    Space     = CGColorSpace.CreateGenericRgb(),
                    Intent    = CGColorRenderingIntent.Default,
                    Transform = CGColorConversionInfoTransformType.ApplySpace
                };
                return(new CGColorConversionInfo((NSDictionary)null, cci, cci, cci));

            case "CGDataConsumer":
                using (NSMutableData destData = new NSMutableData()) {
                    return(new CGDataConsumer(destData));
                }

            case "CGDataProvider":
#if __MACCATALYST__
                filename = Path.Combine("Contents", "Resources", "xamarin1.png");
#else
                filename = "xamarin1.png";
#endif
                return(new CGDataProvider(filename));

            case "CGFont":
                return(CGFont.CreateWithFontName("Courier New"));

            case "CGPattern":
                return(new CGPattern(
                           new RectangleF(0, 0, 16, 16),
                           CGAffineTransform.MakeIdentity(),
                           16, 16,
                           CGPatternTiling.NoDistortion,
                           true,
                           (cgc) => {}));

            case "CMBufferQueue":
                return(CMBufferQueue.CreateUnsorted(2));

            case "CTFont":
                CTFontDescriptorAttributes fda = new CTFontDescriptorAttributes()
                {
                    FamilyName = "Courier",
                    StyleName  = "Bold",
                    Size       = 16.0f
                };
                using (var fd = new CTFontDescriptor(fda))
                    return(new CTFont(fd, 10));

            case "CTFontCollection":
                return(new CTFontCollection(new CTFontCollectionOptions()));

            case "CTFontDescriptor":
                fda = new CTFontDescriptorAttributes();
                return(new CTFontDescriptor(fda));

            case "CTTextTab":
                return(new CTTextTab(CTTextAlignment.Left, 2));

            case "CTTypesetter":
                return(new CTTypesetter(new NSAttributedString("Hello, world",
                                                               new CTStringAttributes()
                {
                    ForegroundColorFromContext = true,
                    Font = new CTFont("ArialMT", 24)
                })));

            case "CTFrame":
                var framesetter = new CTFramesetter(new NSAttributedString("Hello, world",
                                                                           new CTStringAttributes()
                {
                    ForegroundColorFromContext = true,
                    Font = new CTFont("ArialMT", 24)
                }));
                var bPath = UIBezierPath.FromRect(new RectangleF(0, 0, 3, 3));
                return(framesetter.GetFrame(new NSRange(0, 0), bPath.CGPath, null));

            case "CTFramesetter":
                return(new CTFramesetter(new NSAttributedString("Hello, world",
                                                                new CTStringAttributes()
                {
                    ForegroundColorFromContext = true,
                    Font = new CTFont("ArialMT", 24)
                })));

            case "CTGlyphInfo":
                return(new CTGlyphInfo("copyright", new CTFont("ArialMY", 24), "Foo"));

            case "CTLine":
                return(new CTLine(new NSAttributedString("Hello, world",
                                                         new CTStringAttributes()
                {
                    ForegroundColorFromContext = true,
                    Font = new CTFont("ArialMT", 24)
                })));

#if __MACCATALYST__ || __MACOS__
            case "CGEvent":
                return(new CGEvent((CGEventSource)null));

            case "CGEventSource":
                return(new CGEventSource(CGEventSourceStateID.CombinedSession));
#endif
            case "CGImageDestination":
                var storage = new NSMutableData();
                return(CGImageDestination.Create(new CGDataConsumer(storage), "public.png", 1));

            case "CGImageMetadataTag":
                using (NSString name = new NSString("tagName"))
                    using (var value = new NSString("value"))
                        return(new CGImageMetadataTag(CGImageMetadataTagNamespaces.Exif, CGImageMetadataTagPrefixes.Exif, name, CGImageMetadataType.Default, value));

            case "CGImageSource":
#if __MACCATALYST__
                filename = Path.Combine("Contents", "Resources", "xamarin1.png");
#else
                filename = "xamarin1.png";
#endif
                return(CGImageSource.FromUrl(NSUrl.FromFilename(filename)));

            case "SecPolicy":
                return(SecPolicy.CreateSslPolicy(false, null));

            case "SecIdentity":
                using (var options = NSDictionary.FromObjectAndKey(new NSString("farscape"), SecImportExport.Passphrase)) {
                    NSDictionary[] array;
                    var            result = SecImportExport.ImportPkcs12(farscape_pfx, options, out array);
                    if (result != SecStatusCode.Success)
                    {
                        throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format("Could not create the new instance for type {0} due to {1}.", t.Name, result));
                    }
                    return(Runtime.GetINativeObject <SecIdentity> (array [0].LowlevelObjectForKey(SecImportExport.Identity.Handle), false));
                }

            case "SecTrust":
                X509Certificate x = new X509Certificate(mail_google_com);
                using (var policy = SecPolicy.CreateSslPolicy(true, "mail.google.com"))
                    return(new SecTrust(x, policy));

            case "SslContext":
                return(new SslContext(SslProtocolSide.Client, SslConnectionType.Stream));

            case "UIFontFeature":
                return(new UIFontFeature(CTFontFeatureNumberSpacing.Selector.ProportionalNumbers));

            case "NetworkReachability":
                return(new NetworkReachability(IPAddress.Loopback, null));

            case "VTCompressionSession":
            case "VTSession":
                return(VTCompressionSession.Create(1024, 768, CMVideoCodecType.H264, (sourceFrame, status, flags, buffer) => { }, null, (CVPixelBufferAttributes)null));

            case "VTFrameSilo":
                return(VTFrameSilo.Create());

            case "VTMultiPassStorage":
                return(VTMultiPassStorage.Create());

            case "CFString":
                return(new CFString("test"));

            case "DispatchBlock":
                return(new DispatchBlock(() => { }));

            case "DispatchQueue":
                return(new DispatchQueue("com.example.subsystem.taskXYZ"));

            case "DispatchGroup":
                return(DispatchGroup.Create());

            case "CGColorSpace":
                return(CGColorSpace.CreateDeviceCmyk());

            case "CGGradient":
                CGColor[] cArray = { UIColor.Black.CGColor, UIColor.Clear.CGColor, UIColor.Blue.CGColor };
                return(new CGGradient(null, cArray));

            case "CGImage":
#if __MACCATALYST__
                filename = Path.Combine("Contents", "Resources", "xamarin1.png");
#else
                filename = "xamarin1.png";
#endif
                using (var dp = new CGDataProvider(filename))
                    return(CGImage.FromPNG(dp, null, false, CGColorRenderingIntent.Default));

            case "CGColor":
                return(UIColor.Black.CGColor);

            case "CMClock":
                return(CMClock.HostTimeClock);

            case "CMTimebase":
                return(new CMTimebase(CMClock.HostTimeClock));

            case "CVPixelBufferPool":
                return(new CVPixelBufferPool(
                           new CVPixelBufferPoolSettings(),
                           new CVPixelBufferAttributes(CVPixelFormatType.CV24RGB, 100, 50)
                           ));

            case "SecCertificate":
                using (var cdata = NSData.FromArray(mail_google_com))
                    return(new SecCertificate(cdata));

            case "SecCertificate2":
                using (var cdata = NSData.FromArray(mail_google_com))
                    return(new SecCertificate2(new SecCertificate(cdata)));

            case "SecTrust2":
                X509Certificate x2 = new X509Certificate(mail_google_com);
                using (var policy = SecPolicy.CreateSslPolicy(true, "mail.google.com"))
                    return(new SecTrust2(new SecTrust(x2, policy)));

            case "SecIdentity2":
                using (var options = NSDictionary.FromObjectAndKey(new NSString("farscape"), SecImportExport.Passphrase)) {
                    NSDictionary[] array;
                    var            result = SecImportExport.ImportPkcs12(farscape_pfx, options, out array);
                    if (result != SecStatusCode.Success)
                    {
                        throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format("Could not create the new instance for type {0} due to {1}.", t.Name, result));
                    }
                    return(new SecIdentity2(Runtime.GetINativeObject <SecIdentity> (array [0].LowlevelObjectForKey(SecImportExport.Identity.Handle), false)));
                }

            case "SecKey":
                SecKey private_key;
                SecKey public_key;
                using (var record = new SecRecord(SecKind.Key)) {
                    record.KeyType       = SecKeyType.RSA;
                    record.KeySizeInBits = 512;                     // it's not a performance test :)
                    SecKey.GenerateKeyPair(record.ToDictionary(), out public_key, out private_key);
                    return(private_key);
                }

            case "SecAccessControl":
                return(new SecAccessControl(SecAccessible.WhenPasscodeSetThisDeviceOnly));

#if __MACCATALYST__
            case "Authorization":
                return(Security.Authorization.Create(AuthorizationFlags.Defaults));
#endif
            default:
                throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format("Could not create the new instance for type {0}.", t.Name));
            }
        }
Exemplo n.º 2
0
        public void ReturnReleaseTest()
        {
            // This test tries to exercise all the Metal API that has a
            // ReturnRelease attribute. To test that the attribute does the
            // right thing: run the test app using instruments, run the test
            // several times by tapping on it, and do a heap mark between each
            // test. Then verify that there's at least one heap shot with 0
            // memory increase, which means that nothing is leaking.
            var    device = MTLDevice.SystemDefault;
            IntPtr buffer_mem;
            int    buffer_length;
            bool   freed;

            byte [] buffer_bytes;

            // Apple claims that "Indirect command buffers" are available with MTLGPUFamilyCommon2, but it crashes on at least one machine.
            // Log what the current device supports, just to have it in the log.
            foreach (MTLFeatureSet fs in Enum.GetValues(typeof(MTLFeatureSet)))
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"This device supports feature set: {fs}: {device.SupportsFeatureSet (fs)}");
            }
            if (TestRuntime.CheckXcodeVersion(11, 0))
            {
                foreach (MTLGpuFamily gf in Enum.GetValues(typeof(MTLGpuFamily)))
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"This device supports Gpu family: {gf}: {device.SupportsFamily (gf)}");
                }
            }


#if __MACOS__
            string metal_code          = File.ReadAllText(Path.Combine(NSBundle.MainBundle.ResourcePath, "metal-sample.metal"));
            string metallib_path       = Path.Combine(NSBundle.MainBundle.ResourcePath, "default.metallib");
            string fragmentshader_path = Path.Combine(NSBundle.MainBundle.ResourcePath, "fragmentShader.metallib");
#else
            string metal_code          = File.ReadAllText(Path.Combine(NSBundle.MainBundle.BundlePath, "metal-sample.metal"));
            string metallib_path       = Path.Combine(NSBundle.MainBundle.BundlePath, "default.metallib");
            string fragmentshader_path = Path.Combine(NSBundle.MainBundle.BundlePath, "fragmentShader.metallib");

            if (Runtime.Arch == Arch.SIMULATOR)
            {
                Assert.Ignore("Metal isn't available in the simulator");
            }
#endif
            using (var hd = new MTLHeapDescriptor()) {
                hd.CpuCacheMode = MTLCpuCacheMode.DefaultCache;
                hd.StorageMode  = MTLStorageMode.Private;
                using (var txt = MTLTextureDescriptor.CreateTexture2DDescriptor(MTLPixelFormat.RGBA8Unorm, 40, 40, false)) {
                    var sa = device.GetHeapTextureSizeAndAlign(txt);
                    hd.Size = sa.Size;
                    using (var heap = device.CreateHeap(hd)) {
                        Assert.IsNotNull(heap, $"NonNullHeap");
                    }
                }
            }

            using (var queue = device.CreateCommandQueue()) {
                Assert.IsNotNull(queue, "Queue: NonNull 1");
            }

#if __MACOS__
            if (TestRuntime.CheckXcodeVersion(10, 0) && device.SupportsFeatureSet(MTLFeatureSet.macOS_GPUFamily2_v1))
            {
                using (var descriptor = MTLTextureDescriptor.CreateTexture2DDescriptor(MTLPixelFormat.RGBA8Unorm, 64, 64, false)) {
                    descriptor.StorageMode = MTLStorageMode.Private;
                    using (var texture = device.CreateSharedTexture(descriptor)) {
                        Assert.IsNotNull(texture, "CreateSharedTexture (MTLTextureDescriptor): NonNull");

                        using (var handle = texture.CreateSharedTextureHandle())
                            using (var shared = device.CreateSharedTexture(handle))
                                Assert.IsNotNull(texture, "CreateSharedTexture (MTLSharedTextureHandle): NonNull");
                    }
                }
            }
#endif

            using (var queue = device.CreateCommandQueue(10)) {
                Assert.IsNotNull(queue, "Queue: NonNull 2");
            }

            using (var buffer = device.CreateBuffer(1024, MTLResourceOptions.CpuCacheModeDefault)) {
                Assert.IsNotNull(buffer, "CreateBuffer: NonNull 1");
            }

            buffer_mem = AllocPageAligned(1, out buffer_length);
            using (var buffer = device.CreateBuffer(buffer_mem, (nuint)buffer_length, MTLResourceOptions.CpuCacheModeDefault)) {
                Assert.IsNotNull(buffer, "CreateBuffer: NonNull 2");
            }
            FreePageAligned(buffer_mem, buffer_length);

            buffer_bytes = new byte [getpagesize()];
            using (var buffer = device.CreateBuffer(buffer_bytes, MTLResourceOptions.CpuCacheModeDefault)) {
                Assert.IsNotNull(buffer, "CreateBuffer: NonNull 3");
            }

            buffer_mem = AllocPageAligned(1, out buffer_length);
            freed      = false;
#if __MACOS__
            var resourceOptions7 = MTLResourceOptions.StorageModeManaged;
#else
            var resourceOptions7 = MTLResourceOptions.CpuCacheModeDefault;
#endif
            using (var buffer = device.CreateBufferNoCopy(buffer_mem, (nuint)buffer_length, resourceOptions7, (pointer, length) => { FreePageAligned(pointer, (int)length); freed = true; })) {
                Assert.IsNotNull(buffer, "CreateBufferNoCopy: NonNull 1");
            }
            Assert.IsTrue(freed, "CreateBufferNoCopy: Freed 1");

            using (var descriptor = new MTLDepthStencilDescriptor())
                using (var dss = device.CreateDepthStencilState(descriptor)) {
                    Assert.IsNotNull(dss, "CreateDepthStencilState: NonNull 1");
                }

            using (var descriptor = MTLTextureDescriptor.CreateTexture2DDescriptor(MTLPixelFormat.RGBA8Unorm, 64, 64, false)) {
                using (var texture = device.CreateTexture(descriptor))
                    Assert.NotNull(texture, "CreateTexture: NonNull 1");

                using (var surface = new IOSurface.IOSurface(new IOSurface.IOSurfaceOptions {
                    Width = 64,
                    Height = 64,
                    BytesPerElement = 4,
                })) {
                    using (var texture = device.CreateTexture(descriptor, surface, 0))
                        Assert.NotNull(texture, "CreateTexture: NonNull 2");
                }
            }

            using (var descriptor = new MTLSamplerDescriptor())
                using (var sampler = device.CreateSamplerState(descriptor))
                    Assert.IsNotNull(sampler, "CreateSamplerState: NonNull 1");

            using (var library = device.CreateDefaultLibrary())
                Assert.IsNotNull(library, "CreateDefaultLibrary: NonNull 1");

            using (var library = device.CreateLibrary(metallib_path, out var error)) {
                Assert.IsNotNull(library, "CreateLibrary: NonNull 1");
                Assert.IsNull(error, "CreateLibrary: NonNull error 1");
            }

            using (var data = DispatchData.FromByteBuffer(File.ReadAllBytes(metallib_path)))
                using (var library = device.CreateLibrary(data, out var error)) {
                    Assert.IsNotNull(library, "CreateLibrary: NonNull 2");
                    Assert.IsNull(error, "CreateLibrary: NonNull error 2");
                }

            using (var compile_options = new MTLCompileOptions())
                using (var library = device.CreateLibrary(metal_code, compile_options, out var error)) {
                    Assert.IsNotNull(library, "CreateLibrary: NonNull 3");
                    Assert.IsNull(error, "CreateLibrary: NonNull error 3");
                }

            using (var compile_options = new MTLCompileOptions()) {
                device.CreateLibrary(metal_code, compile_options, (library, error) => {
                    Assert.IsNotNull(library, "CreateLibrary: NonNull 4");
                    Assert.IsNull(error, "CreateLibrary: NonNull error 4");
                });
            }

            using (var library = device.CreateDefaultLibrary(NSBundle.MainBundle, out var error)) {
                Assert.IsNotNull(library, "CreateDefaultLibrary: NonNull 2");
                Assert.IsNull(error, "CreateDefaultLibrary: NonNull error 2");
            }

            using (var descriptor = new MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor())
                using (var library = device.CreateDefaultLibrary())
                    using (var func = library.CreateFunction("vertexShader")) {
                        descriptor.VertexFunction = func;
                        descriptor.ColorAttachments [0].PixelFormat = MTLPixelFormat.BGRA8Unorm_sRGB;
                        using (var rps = device.CreateRenderPipelineState(descriptor, out var error)) {
                            Assert.IsNotNull(rps, "CreateRenderPipelineState: NonNull 1");
                            Assert.IsNull(error, "CreateRenderPipelineState: NonNull error 1");
                        }
                    }

            using (var descriptor = new MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor())
                using (var library = device.CreateDefaultLibrary())
                    using (var func = library.CreateFunction("vertexShader")) {
                        descriptor.VertexFunction = func;
                        descriptor.ColorAttachments [0].PixelFormat = MTLPixelFormat.BGRA8Unorm_sRGB;
                        using (var rps = device.CreateRenderPipelineState(descriptor, MTLPipelineOption.BufferTypeInfo, out var reflection, out var error)) {
                            Assert.IsNotNull(rps, "CreateRenderPipelineState: NonNull 2");
                            Assert.IsNull(error, "CreateRenderPipelineState: NonNull error 2");
                            Assert.IsNotNull(reflection, "CreateRenderPipelineState: NonNull reflection 2");
                        }
                    }

            using (var library = device.CreateDefaultLibrary())
                using (var func = library.CreateFunction("grayscaleKernel"))
                    using (var cps = device.CreateComputePipelineState(func, MTLPipelineOption.ArgumentInfo, out var reflection, out var error)) {
                        Assert.IsNotNull(cps, "CreateComputePipelineState: NonNull 1");
                        Assert.IsNull(error, "CreateComputePipelineState: NonNull error 1");
                        Assert.IsNotNull(reflection, "CreateComputePipelineState: NonNull reflection 1");
                    }

            using (var library = device.CreateDefaultLibrary())
                using (var func = library.CreateFunction("grayscaleKernel"))
                    using (var cps = device.CreateComputePipelineState(func, out var error)) {
                        Assert.IsNotNull(cps, "CreateComputePipelineState: NonNull 2");
                        Assert.IsNull(error, "CreateComputePipelineState: NonNull error 2");
                    }

            using (var descriptor = new MTLComputePipelineDescriptor())
                using (var library = device.CreateDefaultLibrary())
                    using (var func = library.CreateFunction("grayscaleKernel")) {
                        descriptor.ComputeFunction = func;
                        using (var cps = device.CreateComputePipelineState(descriptor, MTLPipelineOption.BufferTypeInfo, out var reflection, out var error)) {
                            Assert.IsNotNull(cps, "CreateComputePipelineState: NonNull 3");
                            Assert.IsNull(error, "CreateComputePipelineState: NonNull error 3");
                            Assert.IsNotNull(reflection, "CreateComputePipelineState: NonNull reflection 3");
                        }
                    }

            using (var fence = device.CreateFence()) {
                Assert.IsNotNull(fence, "CreateFence 1: NonNull");
            }

            var url = "file://" + metallib_path;
            url = url.Replace(" ", "%20");              // url encode!
            using (var library = device.CreateLibrary(new NSUrl(url), out var error)) {
                // Looks like creating a library with a url always fails: https://forums.developer.apple.com/thread/110416
                Assert.IsNull(library, "CreateLibrary (NSUrl, NSError): Null");
                Assert.IsNotNull(error, "CreateLibrary (NSUrl, NSError): NonNull error");
            }

            using (var library = device.CreateArgumentEncoder(new MTLArgumentDescriptor [] { new MTLArgumentDescriptor()
                                                                                             {
                                                                                                 DataType = MTLDataType.Int
                                                                                             } })) {
                Assert.IsNotNull(library, "CreateArgumentEncoder (MTLArgumentDescriptor[]): NonNull");
            }

            // Apple's charts say that "Indirect command buffers" are supported with MTLGpuFamilyCommon2
            var supportsIndirectCommandBuffers = TestRuntime.CheckXcodeVersion(11, 0) && device.SupportsFamily(MTLGpuFamily.Common2);
#if __MACOS__
            // but something's not quite right somewhere, so on macOS verify that the device supports a bit more than what Apple says.
            supportsIndirectCommandBuffers &= device.SupportsFeatureSet(MTLFeatureSet.macOS_GPUFamily2_v1);
#endif
            if (supportsIndirectCommandBuffers)
            {
                using (var descriptor = new MTLIndirectCommandBufferDescriptor()) {
                    using (var library = device.CreateIndirectCommandBuffer(descriptor, 1, MTLResourceOptions.CpuCacheModeDefault)) {
                        Assert.IsNotNull(library, "CreateIndirectCommandBuffer: NonNull");
                    }
                }

                using (var evt = device.CreateEvent()) {
                    Assert.IsNotNull(evt, "CreateEvent: NonNull");
                }

                using (var evt = device.CreateSharedEvent()) {
                    Assert.IsNotNull(evt, "CreateSharedEvent: NonNull");
                }

                using (var evt1 = device.CreateSharedEvent())
                    using (var evt_handle = evt1.CreateSharedEventHandle())
                        using (var evt = device.CreateSharedEvent(evt_handle)) {
                            Assert.IsNotNull(evt, "CreateSharedEvent (MTLSharedEventHandle): NonNull");
                        }
            }

            using (var descriptor = new MTLRenderPipelineDescriptor())
                using (var library = device.CreateDefaultLibrary())
                    using (var func = library.CreateFunction("vertexShader")) {
                        descriptor.VertexFunction = func;
                        descriptor.ColorAttachments [0].PixelFormat = MTLPixelFormat.BGRA8Unorm_sRGB;
                        using (var rps = device.CreateRenderPipelineState(descriptor, MTLPipelineOption.ArgumentInfo, out var reflection, out var error)) {
                            Assert.IsNotNull(rps, "CreateRenderPipelineState (MTLTileRenderPipelineDescriptor, MTLPipelineOption, MTLRenderPipelineReflection, NSError): NonNull");
                            Assert.IsNull(error, "CreateRenderPipelineState (MTLTileRenderPipelineDescriptor, MTLPipelineOption, MTLRenderPipelineReflection, NSError: NonNull error");
                            Assert.IsNotNull(reflection, "CreateRenderPipelineState (MTLTileRenderPipelineDescriptor, MTLPipelineOption, MTLRenderPipelineReflection, NSError): NonNull reflection");
                        }
                    }

            using (var buffer = device.CreateBuffer(1024, MTLResourceOptions.CpuCacheModeDefault))
                using (var descriptor = new MTLTextureDescriptor())
                    using (var texture = buffer.CreateTexture(descriptor, 0, 256)) {
                        Assert.IsNotNull(buffer, "MTLBuffer.CreateTexture (MTLTextureDescriptor, nuint, nuint): NonNull");
                    }

            using (var descriptor = MTLTextureDescriptor.CreateTexture2DDescriptor(MTLPixelFormat.RGBA8Unorm, 64, 64, false))
                using (var texture = device.CreateTexture(descriptor)) {
                    using (var view = texture.CreateTextureView(MTLPixelFormat.RGBA8Unorm)) {
                        Assert.IsNotNull(view, "MTLTexture.CreateTextureView (MTLPixelFormat): nonnull");
                    }
                    using (var view = texture.CreateTextureView(MTLPixelFormat.RGBA8Unorm, MTLTextureType.k2D, new NSRange(0, 1), new NSRange(0, 1))) {
                        Assert.IsNotNull(view, "MTLTexture.CreateTextureView (MTLPixelFormat, MTLTextureType, NSRange, NSRange): nonnull");
                    }
                }

            using (var library = device.CreateLibrary(fragmentshader_path, out var error))
                using (var func = library.CreateFunction("fragmentShader2")) {
                    using (var enc = func.CreateArgumentEncoder(0)) {
                        Assert.IsNotNull(enc, "MTLFunction.CreateArgumentEncoder (nuint): NonNull");
                    }
                    using (var enc = func.CreateArgumentEncoder(0, out var reflection)) {
                        Assert.IsNotNull(enc, "MTLFunction.CreateArgumentEncoder (nuint, MTLArgument): NonNull");
                        Assert.IsNotNull(reflection, "MTLFunction.CreateArgumentEncoder (nuint, MTLArgument): NonNull reflection");
                    }
                }

            using (var library = device.CreateDefaultLibrary()) {
                using (var func = library.CreateFunction("grayscaleKernel")) {
                    Assert.IsNotNull(func, "CreateFunction (string): nonnull");
                }
                if (TestRuntime.CheckXcodeVersion(9, 0))                    // MTLFunctionConstantValues didn't have a default ctor until Xcode 9.
                {
                    using (var constants = new MTLFunctionConstantValues())
                        using (var func = library.CreateFunction("grayscaleKernel", constants, out var error)) {
                            Assert.IsNotNull(func, "CreateFunction (string, MTLFunctionConstantValues, NSError): nonnull");
                            Assert.IsNull(error, "CreateFunction (string, MTLFunctionConstantValues, NSError): null error");
                        }
                }
            }

            using (var hd = new MTLHeapDescriptor()) {
                hd.CpuCacheMode = MTLCpuCacheMode.DefaultCache;
                hd.StorageMode  = MTLStorageMode.Private;
                using (var txt = MTLTextureDescriptor.CreateTexture2DDescriptor(MTLPixelFormat.RGBA8Unorm, 40, 40, false)) {
                    var sa = device.GetHeapTextureSizeAndAlign(txt);
                    hd.Size = sa.Size;
                    using (var heap = device.CreateHeap(hd))
                        using (var buffer = heap.CreateBuffer(1024, MTLResourceOptions.StorageModePrivate)) {
                            Assert.IsNotNull(buffer, "MTLHeap.CreateBuffer (nuint, MTLResourceOptions): nonnull");
                        }
                }
            }

            using (var hd = new MTLHeapDescriptor()) {
                hd.CpuCacheMode = MTLCpuCacheMode.DefaultCache;
#if __MACOS__
                hd.StorageMode = MTLStorageMode.Private;
#else
                hd.StorageMode = MTLStorageMode.Shared;
#endif
                using (var txt = MTLTextureDescriptor.CreateTexture2DDescriptor(MTLPixelFormat.RGBA8Unorm, 40, 40, false)) {
                    var sa = device.GetHeapTextureSizeAndAlign(txt);
                    hd.Size = sa.Size;

                    using (var heap = device.CreateHeap(hd)) {
#if __MACOS__
                        txt.StorageMode = MTLStorageMode.Private;
#endif
                        using (var texture = heap.CreateTexture(txt)) {
                            Assert.IsNotNull(texture, "MTLHeap.CreateTexture (MTLTextureDescriptor): nonnull");
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            using (var scope = MTLCaptureManager.Shared.CreateNewCaptureScope(device)) {
                Assert.IsNotNull(scope, "MTLCaptureManager.CreateNewCaptureScope (MTLDevice): nonnull");
            }

            using (var queue = device.CreateCommandQueue())
                using (var scope = MTLCaptureManager.Shared.CreateNewCaptureScope(queue)) {
                    Assert.IsNotNull(scope, "MTLCaptureManager.CreateNewCaptureScope (MTLCommandQueue): nonnull");
                }

            TestRuntime.AssertXcodeVersion(10, 0);
            using (var evt = device.CreateSharedEvent())
                using (var shared = evt.CreateSharedEventHandle()) {
                    Assert.IsNotNull(shared, "MTLSharedEvent.CreateSharedEvent: NonNull");
                }
        }