private int PlayLessRandomGame(UCTNode node)
{
if (_availableMoves == null)
{
_availableMoves = new Move[Size * Size + 1];
}
_boardClone.CopyStateFrom(node.BoardState);
int turnsSimulated = 0;
while (turnsSimulated < GameParameters.GameDepth && _boardClone.IsGameOver() == false)
{
turnsSimulated++;
int moveCount = GetAvailableMoves(_boardClone);
_availableMoves.Shuffle(moveCount);
Move pass = new Move(-1, -1); //add pass to possible moves
_availableMoves[moveCount++] = pass;
for (int i = 0; i < moveCount; i++)
{
if (_boardClone.PlaceStone(_availableMoves[i]) == true)
{
break;
}
}
}
int winner = _boardClone.DetermineWinner();
return(winner);
}
public bool ReceiveTurn(Move m)
{
if (Root.Children != null)
{
foreach (UCTNode child in Root.Children)
{
if (child.Position.Equals(m))
{
Console.WriteLine("UCTTurbo-{0} had {1} nodes, lost {2} nodes and now has {3} nodes", _player == 1?"Black":"White", Root.MeasureTree(), Root.MeasureTree() - child.MeasureTree(), child.MeasureTree());
Root = child;
Root.Parent.Children = null;
child.Parent = null;
if (child.Children == null)
{
child.CreateChildren();
}
return(true);
}
}
}
Board newBoard = Root.BoardState.Clone();
if (newBoard.PlaceStone(m) == false)
{
throw new ArgumentException("invalid turn");
}
Console.WriteLine("UCTTurbo-{0} had {1} nodes, lost {1} nodes and now has {2} nodes", _player == 1 ? "Black" : "White", Root.MeasureTree(), 1);
Root.Children = null; //break the link for garbage collection
UCTNode newRoot = new UCTNode(null, new Move(m), newBoard);
newRoot.CreateChildren();
Root = newRoot;
return(true);
}
public override bool Equals(object obj)
{
UCTNode un = obj as UCTNode;
if (un == null)
{
return(false);
}
return(Position.row == un.Position.row && Position.column == un.Position.column);
}
public MonteCarloUCT(byte player, bool randomSims, bool resetTreeEachTurn)
{
if (player != 1 && player != 2)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("player");
Root = new UCTNode(null, new Move(-5, -5), new Board());
Root.CreateChildren();
_player = player;
_randomUCT = randomSims;
_resetTreeEachTurn = resetTreeEachTurn;
_sims = GameParameters.UCTSimulations;
}
public UCTNode(UCTNode parent, Move m, Board boardState)
{
if (m == null || boardState == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("m");
BoardState = boardState.Clone();
Parent = parent;
Children = null;
Position = new Move(m);
Wins = 0;
Visits = 0;
}
public UCTNode(UCTNode parent, Move m, Board boardState)
{
if (m == null || boardState == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("m");
}
BoardState = boardState.Clone();
Parent = parent;
Children = null;
Position = new Move(m);
Wins = 0;
Visits = 0;
}
public MonteCarloUCT(byte player, bool randomSims, bool resetTreeEachTurn)
{
if (player != 1 && player != 2)
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("player");
}
Root = new UCTNode(null, new Move(-5, -5), new Board());
Root.CreateChildren();
_player = player;
_randomUCT = randomSims;
_resetTreeEachTurn = resetTreeEachTurn;
_sims = GameParameters.UCTSimulations;
}
// generate a move, using the uct algorithm
public Move GetMove()
{
Move bestMove;
DateTime start = DateTime.Now;
if (_resetTreeEachTurn == true) //EXPERIMENTAL, HAS NOT BEEN TESTED AND MIGHT NOT WORK
{
Root = new UCTNode(null, new Move(-5, -5), Root.BoardState.Clone());
}
Console.WriteLine("Starting Tree size == {0}", Root.MeasureTree());
_doneSims = 0;
if (Root.Children.Any(_x => _x.IsSolved == true && _x.SolvedWinner == _player))
{
bestMove = Root.Children.First(_x => _x.IsSolved == true && _x.SolvedWinner == _player).Position;
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < Environment.ProcessorCount; i++)
{
new Task(ParallelSimulations).Start();
}
while (_doneSims < _sims)
{
Thread.Sleep(100);
}
UCTNode n = GetBestChild(Root);
if (n == null)
{
bestMove = new Move(-1, -1);
}
else
{
bestMove = new Move(n.Position);
}
}
TimeSpan ts = DateTime.Now - start;
Root.Children.Sort((_x, _y) => _x.Visits.CompareTo(_y.Visits));
foreach (UCTNode child in Root.Children)
{
Console.WriteLine(child);
}
Root.Children.Shuffle();
Console.WriteLine("Current tree size == {0}, and there are {1} solved nodes", Root.MeasureTree(), Root.CountSolvedNodes());
Console.WriteLine("UCTTurbo-{1} has found move {2}({3},{4}) in {0} after {5} sims", ts, Root.BoardState.ActivePlayer == 1 ? "Black" : "White", Root.BoardState.TurnNumber, bestMove.row, bestMove.column, _doneSims);
return(bestMove);
}
private int PlayRandomGame(UCTNode node)
{
_boardClone.CopyStateFrom(node.BoardState);
int turnsSimulated = 0;
while (turnsSimulated < GameParameters.GameDepth && _boardClone.IsGameOver() == false)
{
turnsSimulated++;
Move m = new Move(-5, -5);
do
{
m.row = RandomGen.Next(-1, GameParameters.BoardSize);
m.column = RandomGen.Next(-1, GameParameters.BoardSize);
} while (_boardClone.PlaceStone(m) == false);
}
int winner = _boardClone.DetermineWinner();
return winner;
}
public const double UCTK = GameParameters.UCTSimulations; // theoretically should be 0.44 = sqrt(1/5)
// Larger values give uniform search
// Smaller values give very selective search
public UCTNode UCTSelect(UCTNode node)
{
UCTNode result = null;
double bestUCT = 0;
foreach (UCTNode child in node.Children)
{
if (child.IsSolved == true)
continue;
// double uctvalue = child.Visits > 0 ? child.GetUctValue() : 111111;
double uctvalue = child.GetUctValue();
if (uctvalue > bestUCT)
{
bestUCT = uctvalue;
result = child;
}
}
return result;
}
private int PlayRandomGame(UCTNode node)
{
_boardClone.CopyStateFrom(node.BoardState);
int turnsSimulated = 0;
while (turnsSimulated < GameParameters.GameDepth && _boardClone.IsGameOver() == false)
{
turnsSimulated++;
Move m = new Move(-5, -5);
do
{
m.row = RandomGen.Next(-1, GameParameters.BoardSize);
m.column = RandomGen.Next(-1, GameParameters.BoardSize);
} while (_boardClone.PlaceStone(m) == false);
}
int winner = _boardClone.DetermineWinner();
return(winner);
}
public UCTNode GetBestChild(UCTNode root)
{
UCTNode bestChild = null;
int bestVisits = -1;
foreach (UCTNode child in Root.Children)
{
if (child.IsSolved && child.SolvedWinner == _player)
{
return(child);
}
if (child.Visits > bestVisits)
{
bestChild = child;
bestVisits = child.Visits;
}
}
return(bestChild);
}
public UCTNode GetBestChild(UCTNode root)
{
UCTNode bestChild = null;
int bestVisits = -1;
foreach (UCTNode child in Root.Children)
{
if (child.IsSolved && child.SolvedWinner == _player)
{
return child;
}
if (child.Visits > bestVisits)
{
bestChild = child;
bestVisits = child.Visits;
}
}
return bestChild;
}
public const double UCTK = GameParameters.UCTSimulations; // theoretically should be 0.44 = sqrt(1/5)
// Larger values give uniform search
// Smaller values give very selective search
public UCTNode UCTSelect(UCTNode node)
{
UCTNode result = null;
double bestUCT = 0;
foreach (UCTNode child in node.Children)
{
if (child.IsSolved == true)
{
continue;
}
// double uctvalue = child.Visits > 0 ? child.GetUctValue() : 111111;
double uctvalue = child.GetUctValue();
if (uctvalue > bestUCT)
{
bestUCT = uctvalue;
result = child;
}
}
return(result);
}
private int PlayMoreOrLessRandomGame(UCTNode n)
{
return(_randomUCT ? PlayRandomGame(n) : PlayLessRandomGame(n));
}
private int PlaySimulation(UCTNode n)
{
if (_boardClone == null)
{
_boardClone = new Board();
}
int randomWinner = 0;
if (n.IsSolved == true) //should always be false (only for single thread! - can be true for multiple threads)
{
int solvedCurrentPlayerWins = n.SolvedWinner == _player ? 1 : 0;
n.Update(solvedCurrentPlayerWins); //update node (Node-wins are associated with moves in the Nodes)
return(n.SolvedWinner);
}
if (n.Children == null && n.Visits < GameParameters.UCTExpansion && n.IsSolved == false)
{
if (_boardClone == null)
{
_boardClone = new Board();
}
randomWinner = PlayMoreOrLessRandomGame(n);
}
else
{
if (n.HasChildren == false)
{
n.CreateChildren();
}
UCTNode next = UCTSelect(n); // select a move
if (next == null) //only happens in finished positions and solved nodes - we can start backpropagating ideal result
{
n.IsSolved = true;
if (n.Children.Count == 0) //this is a terminal position - there can be no nodes after it
{
n.SolvedWinner = n.BoardState.DetermineWinner();
}
else //this is a non-terminal position for which all possible subsequent moves have been checked
{
if (n.BoardState.ActivePlayer == _player) //if, for this node, it's this player's turn, then we take the best result
{
foreach (UCTNode child in n.Children)
{
if (child.IsSolved == false)
{
throw new ImpossibleException("solved node's child is not solved", "PlaySimulation");
}
if (child.SolvedWinner == _player) //if we find a choice that leads to sure win for current player, we immediately take it
{
n.SolvedWinner = _player;
n.Update(1);
return(1);
}
//if we don't find a node that leads to current player's victory
n.SolvedWinner = 3 - _player;
n.Update(0);
return(0);
}
}
else //if it's enemy's turn on this node, then we take the worst result
{
foreach (UCTNode child in n.Children)
{
if (child.IsSolved == false)
{
throw new ImpossibleException("solved node's child is not solved", "PlaySimulation");
}
if (child.SolvedWinner != _player) //if we find a choice that leads to sure win for enemy, we immediately take it
{
n.SolvedWinner = 3 - _player;
n.Update(0);
return(0);
}
//if we don't find a node that leads to enemy's victory, we assume that this is our winning node
n.SolvedWinner = _player;
n.Update(1);
return(1);
}
}
}
}
else
{
randomWinner = PlaySimulation(next);
}
}
int currentPlayerWins = randomWinner == _player ? 1 : 0;
n.Update(currentPlayerWins); //update node (Node-wins are associated with moves in the Nodes)
return(randomWinner);
}
public bool ReceiveTurn(Move m)
{
if (Root.Children != null)
{
foreach (UCTNode child in Root.Children)
{
if (child.Position.Equals(m))
{
Console.WriteLine("UCTTurbo-{0} had {1} nodes, lost {2} nodes and now has {3} nodes", _player==1?"Black":"White", Root.MeasureTree(), Root.MeasureTree()-child.MeasureTree(), child.MeasureTree());
Root = child;
Root.Parent.Children = null;
child.Parent = null;
if (child.Children == null)
child.CreateChildren();
return true;
}
}
}
Board newBoard = Root.BoardState.Clone();
if (newBoard.PlaceStone(m) == false)
throw new ArgumentException("invalid turn");
Console.WriteLine("UCTTurbo-{0} had {1} nodes, lost {1} nodes and now has {2} nodes", _player == 1 ? "Black" : "White", Root.MeasureTree(), 1);
Root.Children = null; //break the link for garbage collection
UCTNode newRoot = new UCTNode(null, new Move(m), newBoard);
newRoot.CreateChildren();
Root = newRoot;
return true;
}
private int PlaySimulation(UCTNode n)
{
if (_boardClone == null)
_boardClone = new Board();
int randomWinner = 0;
if (n.IsSolved == true) //should always be false (only for single thread! - can be true for multiple threads)
{
int solvedCurrentPlayerWins = n.SolvedWinner == _player ? 1 : 0;
n.Update(solvedCurrentPlayerWins); //update node (Node-wins are associated with moves in the Nodes)
return n.SolvedWinner;
}
if (n.Children == null && n.Visits < GameParameters.UCTExpansion && n.IsSolved == false)
{
if (_boardClone == null)
_boardClone = new Board();
randomWinner = PlayMoreOrLessRandomGame(n);
}
else
{
if (n.HasChildren == false)
n.CreateChildren();
UCTNode next = UCTSelect(n); // select a move
if (next == null) //only happens in finished positions and solved nodes - we can start backpropagating ideal result
{
n.IsSolved = true;
if (n.Children.Count == 0) //this is a terminal position - there can be no nodes after it
{
n.SolvedWinner = n.BoardState.DetermineWinner();
}
else //this is a non-terminal position for which all possible subsequent moves have been checked
{
if (n.BoardState.ActivePlayer == _player) //if, for this node, it's this player's turn, then we take the best result
{
foreach (UCTNode child in n.Children)
{
if (child.IsSolved == false)
throw new ImpossibleException("solved node's child is not solved", "PlaySimulation");
if (child.SolvedWinner == _player) //if we find a choice that leads to sure win for current player, we immediately take it
{
n.SolvedWinner = _player;
n.Update(1);
return 1;
}
//if we don't find a node that leads to current player's victory
n.SolvedWinner = 3 - _player;
n.Update(0);
return 0;
}
}
else //if it's enemy's turn on this node, then we take the worst result
{
foreach (UCTNode child in n.Children)
{
if (child.IsSolved == false)
throw new ImpossibleException("solved node's child is not solved", "PlaySimulation");
if (child.SolvedWinner != _player) //if we find a choice that leads to sure win for enemy, we immediately take it
{
n.SolvedWinner = 3 - _player;
n.Update(0);
return 0;
}
//if we don't find a node that leads to enemy's victory, we assume that this is our winning node
n.SolvedWinner = _player;
n.Update(1);
return 1;
}
}
}
}
else
{
randomWinner = PlaySimulation(next);
}
}
int currentPlayerWins = randomWinner == _player ? 1 : 0;
n.Update(currentPlayerWins); //update node (Node-wins are associated with moves in the Nodes)
return randomWinner;
}
private int PlayLessRandomGame(UCTNode node)
{
if (_availableMoves == null)
_availableMoves = new Move[Size*Size+1];
_boardClone.CopyStateFrom(node.BoardState);
int turnsSimulated = 0;
while (turnsSimulated < GameParameters.GameDepth && _boardClone.IsGameOver() == false)
{
turnsSimulated++;
int moveCount = GetAvailableMoves(_boardClone);
_availableMoves.Shuffle(moveCount);
Move pass = new Move(-1, -1); //add pass to possible moves
_availableMoves[moveCount++] = pass;
for (int i = 0; i < moveCount; i++)
{
if (_boardClone.PlaceStone(_availableMoves[i]) == true)
{
break;
}
}
}
int winner = _boardClone.DetermineWinner();
return winner;
}
// generate a move, using the uct algorithm
public Move GetMove()
{
Move bestMove;
DateTime start = DateTime.Now;
if (_resetTreeEachTurn == true) //EXPERIMENTAL, HAS NOT BEEN TESTED AND MIGHT NOT WORK
Root = new UCTNode(null, new Move(-5, -5), Root.BoardState.Clone());
Console.WriteLine("Starting Tree size == {0}", Root.MeasureTree());
_doneSims = 0;
if (Root.Children.Any(_x => _x.IsSolved == true && _x.SolvedWinner == _player))
{
bestMove = Root.Children.First(_x => _x.IsSolved == true && _x.SolvedWinner == _player).Position;
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < Environment.ProcessorCount; i++)
new Task(ParallelSimulations).Start();
while (_doneSims < _sims)
{
Thread.Sleep(100);
}
UCTNode n = GetBestChild(Root);
if (n == null)
bestMove = new Move(-1, -1);
else bestMove = new Move(n.Position);
}
TimeSpan ts = DateTime.Now - start;
Root.Children.Sort((_x, _y) => _x.Visits.CompareTo(_y.Visits));
foreach (UCTNode child in Root.Children)
{
Console.WriteLine(child);
}
Root.Children.Shuffle();
Console.WriteLine("Current tree size == {0}, and there are {1} solved nodes", Root.MeasureTree(), Root.CountSolvedNodes());
Console.WriteLine("UCTTurbo-{1} has found move {2}({3},{4}) in {0} after {5} sims", ts, Root.BoardState.ActivePlayer == 1 ? "Black" : "White", Root.BoardState.TurnNumber, bestMove.row, bestMove.column, _doneSims);
return bestMove;
}
private int PlayMoreOrLessRandomGame(UCTNode n)
{
return _randomUCT ? PlayRandomGame(n) : PlayLessRandomGame(n);
}