} // Lerp
#endregion
#region Generate Spherical Harmonic from CubeMap
/// <summary>
/// Generate a spherical harmonic from the faces of a cubemap, treating each pixel as a light source and averaging the result.
/// This method only accepts RGBM and color textures.
/// </summary>
public static SphericalHarmonicL2 GenerateSphericalHarmonicFromCubeTexture(TextureCube cubeTexture)
{
if (cubeTexture.Resource.Format != SurfaceFormat.Color)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Spherical Harmonic: the texture has to have a color surface format. DXT and floating point formats are not supported for the moment.");
}
SphericalHarmonicL2 sh = new SphericalHarmonicL2();
// Extract the 6 faces of the cubemap.
for (int face = 0; face < 6; face++)
{
CubeMapFace faceId = (CubeMapFace)face;
// Get the transformation for this face.
Matrix cubeFaceMatrix;
switch (faceId)
{
case CubeMapFace.PositiveX:
cubeFaceMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Vector3.Zero, new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
break;
case CubeMapFace.NegativeX:
cubeFaceMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Vector3.Zero, new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
break;
case CubeMapFace.PositiveY:
cubeFaceMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Vector3.Zero, new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector3(0, 0, 1));
break;
case CubeMapFace.NegativeY:
cubeFaceMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Vector3.Zero, new Vector3(0, -1, 0), new Vector3(0, 0, -1));
break;
case CubeMapFace.PositiveZ:
cubeFaceMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Vector3.Zero, new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
break;
case CubeMapFace.NegativeZ:
cubeFaceMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Vector3.Zero, new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
break;
default:
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
Color[] colorArray = new Color[cubeTexture.Size * cubeTexture.Size];
cubeTexture.Resource.GetData(faceId, colorArray);
// Extract the spherical harmonic for this face and accumulate it.
sh += ExtractSphericalHarmonicForCubeFace(cubeFaceMatrix, colorArray, cubeTexture.Size, cubeTexture.IsRgbm, cubeTexture.RgbmMaxRange);
}
// Average out over the sphere.
return(sh.GetWeightedAverageLightInputFromSphere());
} // GenerateSphericalHarmonicFromCubeTexture
} // SampleDirection
#endregion
#region Generate Spherical Harmonic from CubeMap
/// <summary>
/// Generate a spherical harmonic from the faces of a cubemap, treating each pixel as a light source and averaging the result.
/// </summary>
public static SphericalHarmonicL1 GenerateSphericalHarmonicFromCubeMap(TextureCube cubeMap)
{
SphericalHarmonicL1 sh = new SphericalHarmonicL1();
// Extract the 6 faces of the cubemap.
for (int face = 0; face < 6; face++)
{
CubeMapFace faceId = (CubeMapFace)face;
// Get the transformation for this face,
Matrix cubeFaceMatrix;
switch (faceId)
{
case CubeMapFace.PositiveX:
cubeFaceMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Vector3.Zero, new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
break;
case CubeMapFace.NegativeX:
cubeFaceMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Vector3.Zero, new Vector3(-1, 0, 0), new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
break;
case CubeMapFace.PositiveY:
cubeFaceMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Vector3.Zero, new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector3(0, 0, 1));
break;
case CubeMapFace.NegativeY:
cubeFaceMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Vector3.Zero, new Vector3(0, -1, 0), new Vector3(0, 0, -1));
break;
case CubeMapFace.PositiveZ:
cubeFaceMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Vector3.Zero, new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
break;
case CubeMapFace.NegativeZ:
cubeFaceMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(Vector3.Zero, new Vector3(0, 0, 1), new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
break;
default:
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
Color[] colorArray = new Color[cubeMap.Size * cubeMap.Size];
cubeMap.Resource.GetData <Color>(faceId, colorArray);
// Extract the spherical harmonic for this face and accumulate it.
sh += ExtractSphericalHarmonicForCubeFace(cubeFaceMatrix, colorArray, cubeMap.Size, cubeMap.IsRgbm, cubeMap.RgbmMaxRange);
}
//average out over the sphere
return(sh.GetWeightedAverageLightInputFromSphere());
} // GenerateSphericalHarmonicFromCubeMap
} // Begin
#endregion
#region Render
/// <summary>
/// Render the point light.
/// </summary>
public void Render(Color diffuseColor, Vector3 position, float intensity, float radius, TextureCube shadowTexture, Matrix worldMatrix, bool renderClipVolumeInLocalSpace, Model clipVolume = null)
{
try
{
// It is possible to use the depth information and the stencil buffer to mark in a two pass rendering exactly what pixels are affected by the light.
// This helps to reduce pixel shader load but at the same time allows implementing clip volumes.
// With clip volumes you can put, for example, a box and the light won’t bleed outside this box even if the radius is bigger.
// I.e. you can place lights in a wall and the opposite side of that wall won’t be illuminated.
//
// The problem is I don’t have the Z-Buffer available because XNA 4 does not allow sharing depth buffers between render targets.
// However I can reconstruct the Z-Buffer with a shader and my G-Buffer.
//
// If you don’t use custom clip volumes (i.e. we use the default sphere) and the light is too far then we could have more vertex processing
// than pixel processing. Some games use glow planes (a colored mask) to see the light’s bright when they are far away,
// this is good for open environment games but not for interior games.
// Instead games like Killzone 2 ignore the first pass on these lights and only compute the second (and this second pass still does one
// part of the filter). Also the far plane "problem" is addressed in this optimization.
//
// Another optimization that I made is the use of a Softimage sphere instead of my procedural spheres.
// Models exported in this kind of tools are optimized for accessing. For example my stress test changes from 20/21 frames to 22 frames.
// Not a big change, but still a change nevertheless.
//
// I also research the possibility to use instancing with some lights.
// But no article talk about this technique so I try to think why is not useful and it was easy to find that:
// 1) It can be only used with spheres (not custom clip volumes).
// 2) The dynamic buffers used for the instancing information could be too dynamic or difficult to maintain.
// 3) The stencil optimization could be very important on interior games and could not be mixed with instancing and custom clip volumes.
// Extra complexity added (including the use of vfetch for Xbox 360).
// Fill the stencil buffer with 0s.
EngineManager.Device.Clear(ClearOptions.Stencil, Color.White, 1.0f, 0);
#region Set Parameters
spLightColor.Value = diffuseColor;
spLightPosition.Value = Vector3.Transform(position, viewMatrix);
spLightIntensity.Value = intensity;
spInvLightRadius.Value = 1 / radius;
if (shadowTexture != null)
{
spShadowTexture.Value = shadowTexture;
spViewInverse.Value = Matrix.Invert(Matrix.Transpose(Matrix.Invert(viewMatrix)));
spTextureSize.Value = new Vector3(shadowTexture.Size, shadowTexture.Size, shadowTexture.Size);
spTextureSizeInv.Value = new Vector3(1.0f / shadowTexture.Size, 1.0f / shadowTexture.Size, 1.0f / shadowTexture.Size);
}
else
{
spShadowTexture.Value = TextureCube.BlackTexture;
}
// Compute the light world matrix.
Matrix boundingLightObjectWorldMatrix;
if (clipVolume != null)
{
boundingLightObjectWorldMatrix = renderClipVolumeInLocalSpace ? Matrix.Identity : worldMatrix;
}
else
{
// Scale according to light radius, and translate it to light position.
boundingLightObjectWorldMatrix = Matrix.CreateScale(radius) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(position);
}
spWorldViewProj.Value = boundingLightObjectWorldMatrix * viewMatrix * projectionMatrix;
spWorldView.Value = boundingLightObjectWorldMatrix * viewMatrix;
#endregion
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_diameter
// The formula was inspired from Guerilla´s GDC 09 presentation.
float distanceToCamera = Vector3.Distance(Matrix.Invert(viewMatrix).Translation, position);
float angularDiameter = (float)(2 * Math.Atan(radius / distanceToCamera));
if (angularDiameter > 0.2f * (3.1416f * fieldOfView / 180.0f)) // 0.2f is the original value.
{
// This only works when the clip volume does not intercept the camera´s far plane.
// First pass.
// The stencil buffer was already filled with 0 and if the back of the clip volume
// is in front of the geometry then it marks the pixel as useful.
// I prefer to do it in that way because when the clip volume intercept the camera’s near plane
// we don’t need to perform a special case and we still have custom volume support.
Resource.CurrentTechnique = pointLightStencilTechnique;
EngineManager.Device.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise;
EngineManager.Device.BlendState = stencilBlendState;
EngineManager.Device.DepthStencilState = stencilDepthStencilState;
Resource.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply();
if (clipVolume != null)
{
clipVolume.Render();
}
else
{
boundingLightObject.Render();
}
// Second pass.
// Render the clip volume back faces with the light shader.
// The pixel with stencil value of 1 that are in front of the geometry will be discarded.
Resource.CurrentTechnique = shadowTexture != null ? pointLightWithShadowsTechnique : pointLightTechnique;
EngineManager.Device.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullClockwise;
EngineManager.Device.BlendState = lightBlendState;
EngineManager.Device.DepthStencilState = lightDepthStencilState;
Resource.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply();
if (clipVolume != null)
{
clipVolume.Render();
}
else
{
boundingLightObject.Render();
}
}
else // Far lights
{
// Render the clip volume front faces with the light shader.
Resource.CurrentTechnique = shadowTexture != null ? pointLightWithShadowsTechnique : pointLightTechnique;
EngineManager.Device.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise;
//EngineManager.Device.BlendState = lightBlendState; // Not need to set it.
EngineManager.Device.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.DepthRead;
Resource.CurrentTechnique.Passes[0].Apply();
if (clipVolume != null)
{
clipVolume.Render();
}
else
{
boundingLightObject.Render();
}
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Light Pre Pass Point Light: Unable to render.", e);
}
} // Render