public static Greeks GetOptionOnFutureGreeks(double underlyingPrice, double strike, double riskFreeRate, DateTime expirationDate, DateTime calculationDate, string optionType, string exerciseType, double optionPrice = double.NaN, double impliedVol = 0.15, string engineName = "baw") { QLNet.Date ExpirationDateObj = new QLNet.Date(expirationDate.Day, expirationDate.Month, expirationDate.Year); QLNet.Date CalculationDateObj = new QLNet.Date(calculationDate.Day, calculationDate.Month, calculationDate.Year); QLNet.DayCounter DayCountObj = new QLNet.Actual365Fixed(); QLNet.Calendar CalendarObj = new QLNet.UnitedStates(); Greeks GreeksOutput = new Greeks(); QLNet.Option.Type OptionTypeObj; QLNet.Exercise ExerciseObj; double ImpliedVol; double OptionPrice; int CalDte = DayCountObj.dayCount(CalculationDateObj, ExpirationDateObj); GreeksOutput.CalDte = CalDte; if (!double.IsNaN(optionPrice)) { if (optionType.ToUpper() == "C") { if (optionPrice + strike - underlyingPrice <= 1.0e-12) { GreeksOutput.Delta = 1; return(GreeksOutput); } } else if (optionType.ToUpper() == "P") { if (optionPrice - strike + underlyingPrice <= 1.0e-12) { GreeksOutput.Delta = -1; return(GreeksOutput); } } } if (CalDte == 0) { if (optionType.ToUpper() == "C") { if (strike <= underlyingPrice) { GreeksOutput.Delta = 1; } else { GreeksOutput.Delta = 0; } } else if (optionType.ToUpper() == "P") { if (strike >= underlyingPrice) { GreeksOutput.Delta = -1; } else { GreeksOutput.Delta = 0; } } return(GreeksOutput); } if (optionType.ToUpper() == "C") { OptionTypeObj = QLNet.Option.Type.Call; } else if (optionType.ToUpper() == "P") { OptionTypeObj = QLNet.Option.Type.Put; } else { return(GreeksOutput); } if (exerciseType.ToUpper() == "E") { ExerciseObj = new QLNet.EuropeanExercise(ExpirationDateObj); } else if (exerciseType.ToUpper() == "A") { ExerciseObj = new QLNet.AmericanExercise(CalculationDateObj, ExpirationDateObj); } else { return(GreeksOutput); } QLNet.Settings.setEvaluationDate(CalculationDateObj); QLNet.Handle <Quote> UnderlyingObj = new QLNet.Handle <Quote>(new QLNet.SimpleQuote(underlyingPrice)); QLNet.Handle <YieldTermStructure> FlatRateObj = new QLNet.Handle <YieldTermStructure>(new QLNet.FlatForward(CalculationDateObj, riskFreeRate, DayCountObj)); QLNet.Handle <BlackVolTermStructure> FlatVolTsObj = new QLNet.Handle <BlackVolTermStructure>(new QLNet.BlackConstantVol(CalculationDateObj, CalendarObj, impliedVol, DayCountObj)); QLNet.BlackProcess BlackProc = new QLNet.BlackProcess(UnderlyingObj, FlatRateObj, FlatVolTsObj); QLNet.PlainVanillaPayoff PayoffObj = new QLNet.PlainVanillaPayoff(OptionTypeObj, strike); QLNet.VanillaOption OptionObj = new QLNet.VanillaOption(PayoffObj, ExerciseObj); if (engineName == "baw") { OptionObj.setPricingEngine(new QLNet.BaroneAdesiWhaleyApproximationEngine(BlackProc)); } else if (engineName == "fda") { OptionObj.setPricingEngine(new QLNet.FDAmericanEngine(BlackProc, 100, 100)); } else { return(GreeksOutput); } if (!double.IsNaN(optionPrice)) { try { ImpliedVol = OptionObj.impliedVolatility(targetValue: optionPrice, process: BlackProc, accuracy: 1e-5); } catch { return(GreeksOutput); } FlatVolTsObj = new QLNet.Handle <BlackVolTermStructure>(new QLNet.BlackConstantVol(CalculationDateObj, CalendarObj, ImpliedVol, DayCountObj)); BlackProc = new QLNet.BlackProcess(UnderlyingObj, FlatRateObj, FlatVolTsObj); if (engineName == "baw") { OptionObj.setPricingEngine(new QLNet.BaroneAdesiWhaleyApproximationEngine(BlackProc)); } else if (engineName == "fda") { OptionObj.setPricingEngine(new QLNet.FDAmericanEngine(BlackProc, 100, 100)); } OptionPrice = optionPrice; } else { OptionPrice = OptionObj.NPV(); ImpliedVol = impliedVol; } OptionObj = new QLNet.VanillaOption(PayoffObj, new QLNet.EuropeanExercise(ExpirationDateObj)); OptionObj.setPricingEngine(new QLNet.AnalyticEuropeanEngine(BlackProc)); GreeksOutput.Delta = OptionObj.delta(); GreeksOutput.Vega = OptionObj.vega(); GreeksOutput.Theta = OptionObj.thetaPerDay(); GreeksOutput.Gamma = OptionObj.gamma(); GreeksOutput.OptionPrice = OptionPrice; GreeksOutput.ImpliedVol = ImpliedVol; return(GreeksOutput); }
public override void calculate() { AmericanExercise ex = arguments_.exercise as AmericanExercise; Utils.QL_REQUIRE(ex != null, () => "non-American exercise given"); Utils.QL_REQUIRE(ex.payoffAtExpiry(), () => "payoff must be at expiry"); Utils.QL_REQUIRE(ex.dates()[0] <= process_.blackVolatility().link.referenceDate(), () => "American option with window exercise not handled yet"); StrikedTypePayoff payoff = arguments_.payoff as StrikedTypePayoff; Utils.QL_REQUIRE(payoff != null, () => "non-striked payoff given"); double spot = process_.stateVariable().link.value(); Utils.QL_REQUIRE(spot > 0.0, () => "negative or null underlying given"); double variance = process_.blackVolatility().link.blackVariance(ex.lastDate(), payoff.strike()); double?barrier = arguments_.barrier; Utils.QL_REQUIRE(barrier > 0.0, () => "positive barrier value required"); Barrier.Type barrierType = arguments_.barrierType; // KO degenerate cases if ((barrierType == Barrier.Type.DownOut && spot <= barrier) || (barrierType == Barrier.Type.UpOut && spot >= barrier)) { // knocked out, no value results_.value = 0; results_.delta = 0; results_.gamma = 0; results_.vega = 0; results_.theta = 0; results_.rho = 0; results_.dividendRho = 0; return; } // KI degenerate cases if ((barrierType == Barrier.Type.DownIn && spot <= barrier) || (barrierType == Barrier.Type.UpIn && spot >= barrier)) { // knocked in - is a digital european Exercise exercise = new EuropeanExercise(arguments_.exercise.lastDate()); IPricingEngine engine = new AnalyticEuropeanEngine(process_); VanillaOption opt = new VanillaOption(payoff, exercise); opt.setPricingEngine(engine); results_.value = opt.NPV(); results_.delta = opt.delta(); results_.gamma = opt.gamma(); results_.vega = opt.vega(); results_.theta = opt.theta(); results_.rho = opt.rho(); results_.dividendRho = opt.dividendRho(); return; } double riskFreeDiscount = process_.riskFreeRate().link.discount(ex.lastDate()); AnalyticBinaryBarrierEngine_helper helper = new AnalyticBinaryBarrierEngine_helper( process_, payoff, ex, arguments_); results_.value = helper.payoffAtExpiry(spot, variance, riskFreeDiscount); }
public static Greeks GetOptionOnFutureGreeks(double underlyingPrice,double strike,double riskFreeRate, DateTime expirationDate, DateTime calculationDate, string optionType, string exerciseType, double optionPrice=double.NaN,double impliedVol=0.15,string engineName="baw") { QLNet.Date ExpirationDateObj = new QLNet.Date(expirationDate.Day, expirationDate.Month, expirationDate.Year); QLNet.Date CalculationDateObj = new QLNet.Date(calculationDate.Day, calculationDate.Month, calculationDate.Year); QLNet.DayCounter DayCountObj = new QLNet.Actual365Fixed(); QLNet.Calendar CalendarObj = new QLNet.UnitedStates(); Greeks GreeksOutput = new Greeks(); QLNet.Option.Type OptionTypeObj; QLNet.Exercise ExerciseObj; double ImpliedVol; double OptionPrice; int CalDte = DayCountObj.dayCount(CalculationDateObj, ExpirationDateObj); GreeksOutput.CalDte = CalDte; if (!double.IsNaN(optionPrice)) { if (optionType.ToUpper() == "C") { if (optionPrice + strike - underlyingPrice <= 1.0e-12) { GreeksOutput.Delta = 1; return GreeksOutput; } } else if (optionType.ToUpper() == "P") { if (optionPrice - strike + underlyingPrice <= 1.0e-12) { GreeksOutput.Delta = -1; return GreeksOutput; } } } if (CalDte == 0) { if (optionType.ToUpper() == "C") { if (strike <= underlyingPrice) { GreeksOutput.Delta = 1; } else { GreeksOutput.Delta = 0; } } else if (optionType.ToUpper() == "P") { if (strike >= underlyingPrice) { GreeksOutput.Delta = -1; } else { GreeksOutput.Delta = 0; } } return GreeksOutput; } if (optionType.ToUpper() == "C") { OptionTypeObj = QLNet.Option.Type.Call; } else if (optionType.ToUpper() == "P") { OptionTypeObj = QLNet.Option.Type.Put; } else { return GreeksOutput; } if (exerciseType.ToUpper() == "E") { ExerciseObj = new QLNet.EuropeanExercise(ExpirationDateObj); } else if (exerciseType.ToUpper() == "A") { ExerciseObj = new QLNet.AmericanExercise(CalculationDateObj, ExpirationDateObj); } else { return GreeksOutput; } QLNet.Settings.setEvaluationDate(CalculationDateObj); QLNet.Handle<Quote> UnderlyingObj = new QLNet.Handle<Quote>(new QLNet.SimpleQuote(underlyingPrice)); QLNet.Handle<YieldTermStructure> FlatRateObj = new QLNet.Handle<YieldTermStructure>(new QLNet.FlatForward(CalculationDateObj, riskFreeRate, DayCountObj)); QLNet.Handle<BlackVolTermStructure> FlatVolTsObj = new QLNet.Handle<BlackVolTermStructure>(new QLNet.BlackConstantVol(CalculationDateObj, CalendarObj, impliedVol, DayCountObj)); QLNet.BlackProcess BlackProc = new QLNet.BlackProcess(UnderlyingObj, FlatRateObj, FlatVolTsObj); QLNet.PlainVanillaPayoff PayoffObj = new QLNet.PlainVanillaPayoff(OptionTypeObj, strike); QLNet.VanillaOption OptionObj = new QLNet.VanillaOption(PayoffObj, ExerciseObj); if (engineName == "baw") { OptionObj.setPricingEngine(new QLNet.BaroneAdesiWhaleyApproximationEngine(BlackProc)); } else if (engineName == "fda") { OptionObj.setPricingEngine(new QLNet.FDAmericanEngine(BlackProc, 100, 100)); } else { return GreeksOutput; } if (!double.IsNaN(optionPrice)) { try { ImpliedVol = OptionObj.impliedVolatility(targetValue:optionPrice, process:BlackProc,accuracy:1e-5); } catch { return GreeksOutput; } FlatVolTsObj = new QLNet.Handle<BlackVolTermStructure>(new QLNet.BlackConstantVol(CalculationDateObj, CalendarObj, ImpliedVol, DayCountObj)); BlackProc = new QLNet.BlackProcess(UnderlyingObj, FlatRateObj, FlatVolTsObj); if (engineName == "baw") { OptionObj.setPricingEngine(new QLNet.BaroneAdesiWhaleyApproximationEngine(BlackProc)); } else if (engineName == "fda") { OptionObj.setPricingEngine(new QLNet.FDAmericanEngine(BlackProc, 100, 100)); } OptionPrice = optionPrice; } else { OptionPrice = OptionObj.NPV(); ImpliedVol = impliedVol; } OptionObj = new QLNet.VanillaOption(PayoffObj, new QLNet.EuropeanExercise(ExpirationDateObj)); OptionObj.setPricingEngine(new QLNet.AnalyticEuropeanEngine(BlackProc)); GreeksOutput.Delta = OptionObj.delta(); GreeksOutput.Vega = OptionObj.vega(); GreeksOutput.Theta = OptionObj.thetaPerDay(); GreeksOutput.Gamma = OptionObj.gamma(); GreeksOutput.OptionPrice = OptionPrice; GreeksOutput.ImpliedVol = ImpliedVol; return GreeksOutput; }
public override void calculate(DateTime calcDate, FP_Parameter fp_parameter) { // master data load this.indexOptionDAO_.SelectOwn(); // market data load // index data clsHDAT_MARKETDATA_TB clstb = new clsHDAT_MARKETDATA_TB(); string calcDateStr = calcDate.ToString("yyyyMMdd"); QLNet.Settings.setEvaluationDate(calcDate); clstb.REF_DT = calcDateStr; clstb.INDEX_CD = this.indexOptionDAO_.UNDERLYING_INDEX_CD; int checkNum = clstb.SelectOwn(); if (checkNum == 0) { throw new Exception("market data does not exist : " + calcDateStr + " " + clstb.INDEX_CD); } double indexData = clstb.LAST; // curveData -------------------------------------------------- string curve_cd = "IRSKRW"; YieldCurve curveManager = new YieldCurve(); curveManager.loadCurveData(calcDate,curve_cd,clsHDAT_CURVEDATA_TB.RATE_TYP_Type.YTM); QLNet.YieldTermStructure yield_ts = curveManager.yieldCurve(); // calculate string maturityDateStr = this.indexOptionDAO_.MATURITY_DT; System.Globalization.CultureInfo us = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US"); DateTime maturityDate = DateTime.ParseExact(maturityDateStr, "yyyyMMdd", us); DayCounter dc = new Actual365Fixed(); Calendar cal = new NullCalendar(); double vol = 0.3; double strike = this.indexOptionDAO_.STRIKE; PlainVanillaPayoff strikePayoff = new PlainVanillaPayoff(Option.Type. Call, strike); Exercise exercise = new EuropeanExercise(maturityDate); VanillaOption q_option = new VanillaOption(strikePayoff,exercise); Handle<Quote> x0 = new Handle<Quote>(new SimpleQuote(indexData)); FlatForward flatForward = new FlatForward(calcDate,0.01,dc); Handle<YieldTermStructure> dividendTS = new Handle<YieldTermStructure>(flatForward); Handle<YieldTermStructure> riskFreeTS = new Handle<YieldTermStructure>(yield_ts); BlackConstantVol blackConstVol = new BlackConstantVol(calcDate,cal,vol,dc); Handle<BlackVolTermStructure> blackVolTS = new Handle<BlackVolTermStructure>(blackConstVol); GeneralizedBlackScholesProcess process =new GeneralizedBlackScholesProcess(x0 ,dividendTS,riskFreeTS,blackVolTS); AnalyticEuropeanEngine europeanEngine = new AnalyticEuropeanEngine(process); q_option.setPricingEngine(europeanEngine); double value = q_option.NPV(); double indexMultiplier = this.indexOptionDAO_.INDEX_MULTIPLIER; int quantity = this.indexOptionDAO_.QUANTITY; clsHITM_FP_GREEKRESULT_TB result_tb = new clsHITM_FP_GREEKRESULT_TB(); result_tb.FP_GREEKRESULT_ID = IDGenerator.getNewGreekResultID(this.indexOptionDAO_.INSTRUMENT_ID,calcDateStr); result_tb.CALC_DT = calcDateStr; result_tb.INSTRUMENT_ID = this.indexOptionDAO_.INSTRUMENT_ID; result_tb.INSTRUMENT_TYP = this.indexOptionDAO_.INSTRUMENT_TYP; result_tb.UNDERLYING_ID = "KOSPI200"; result_tb.UNDERLYING_VALUE = indexData; //result_tb.SEQ = 1; result_tb.DELTA = (q_option.delta() * indexData / 100) * indexMultiplier * quantity; // 1% Delta result_tb.GAMMA = 0.5 * (q_option.gamma() * indexData / 100) * indexMultiplier * quantity; // 1% Gamma result_tb.VEGA = q_option.vega() / 100 * indexMultiplier * quantity; // 1% point Vega result_tb.CALC_PRICE = value * indexMultiplier * quantity; result_tb.CALCULATED_FLAG = (int)clsHITM_FP_GREEKRESULT_TB.CALCULATED_FLAG_Type.CALCULATED; result_tb.CALCULATED_TIME = DateTime.Now.ToString("HHmmss"); ; result_tb.CALCULATE_TYP = (int)clsHITM_FP_GREEKRESULT_TB.CALCULATE_TYP_Type.ANALYTICS; // price if (result_tb.UpdateDateResult() == 0) { throw new Exception("update result fail. no exist , calcDate : " + calcDate.ToString("yyyyMMdd") + " , inst_id : " + result_tb.INSTRUMENT_ID); } // delta // gamma and others : no exist ? }
public void calculate(GBMParaViewModel para) { // set up dates Calendar calendar = new TARGET(); //Date todaysDate = new Date(DateTime.Now); Date settlementDate = new Date(para.ReferenceDate_); Settings.setEvaluationDate(settlementDate); // our options Option.Type type = this.callPutEnum_; double underlying = para.CurrentPrice_; double strike = this.strike_; double dividendYield = para.Dividend_ / 100; double riskFreeRate = para.Drift_ / 100; double volatility = 0.0; if (this.callPutEnum_ == Option.Type.Call) { try { volatility = para.Call_Interpolation_.value(this.strike_) / 100; this.imVolCal_ = Math.Round(para.Call_Interpolation_.value(this.strike_), 1); } catch (Exception) { volatility = para.Call_Interpolation_.value(this.strike_, true) / 100; this.imVolCal_ = Math.Round(para.Call_Interpolation_.value(this.strike_,true), 1); } } else if (this.callPutEnum_ == Option.Type.Put) { try { volatility = para.Call_Interpolation_.value(this.strike_) / 100; this.imVolCal_ = Math.Round(para.Put_Interpolation_.value(this.strike_), 1); } catch (Exception) { volatility = para.Call_Interpolation_.value(this.strike_, true) / 100; this.imVolCal_ = Math.Round(para.Put_Interpolation_.value(this.strike_,true), 1); } } Date maturity = new Date(this.maturiry_); DayCounter dayCounter = new Actual365Fixed(); //// write column headings //int[] widths = new int[] { 35, 14, 14, 14 }; //Console.Write("{0,-" + widths[0] + "}", "Method"); //Console.Write("{0,-" + widths[1] + "}", "European"); //Console.Write("{0,-" + widths[2] + "}", "Bermudan"); //Console.WriteLine("{0,-" + widths[3] + "}", "American"); //List<Date> exerciseDates = new List<Date>(); ; //for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) // exerciseDates.Add(settlementDate + new Period(3 * i, TimeUnit.Months)); Exercise europeanExercise = new EuropeanExercise(maturity); //Exercise bermudanExercise = new BermudanExercise(exerciseDates); //Exercise americanExercise = new AmericanExercise(settlementDate, maturity); Handle<Quote> underlyingH = new Handle<Quote>(new SimpleQuote(underlying)); // bootstrap the yield/dividend/vol curves var flatTermStructure = new Handle<YieldTermStructure>(new FlatForward(settlementDate, riskFreeRate, dayCounter)); var flatDividendTS = new Handle<YieldTermStructure>(new FlatForward(settlementDate, dividendYield, dayCounter)); var flatVolTS = new Handle<BlackVolTermStructure>(new BlackConstantVol(settlementDate, calendar, volatility, dayCounter)); StrikedTypePayoff payoff = new PlainVanillaPayoff(type, strike); var bsmProcess = new BlackScholesMertonProcess(underlyingH, flatDividendTS, flatTermStructure, flatVolTS); // options VanillaOption europeanOption = new VanillaOption(payoff, europeanExercise); // Analytic formulas: // Black-Scholes for European europeanOption.setPricingEngine(new AnalyticEuropeanEngine(bsmProcess)); this.npv_ = Math.Round(europeanOption.NPV(),6); this.deltaCal_ = Math.Round(europeanOption.delta(),6); this.gammaCal_= Math.Round(europeanOption.gamma(),6); this.vegaCal_ = Math.Round(europeanOption.vega()/ 100, 6); this.thetaCal_= Math.Round(europeanOption.theta()/ 365,6) ; this.rhoCal_ = Math.Round(europeanOption.rho() / 100, 6); }
public void calculate(double[] p, GBMParaViewModel para) { this.xData_ = p; this.yData_ = new double[p.Length]; double sellBuySign = 1.0; if (this.sellBuy_ == "매도") { sellBuySign = -1.0; } else { } // set up dates Calendar calendar = new TARGET(); //Date todaysDate = new Date(DateTime.Now); Date settlementDate = new Date(para.ReferenceDate_); Settings.setEvaluationDate(settlementDate); // our options Option.Type type = this.callPutEnum_; double underlying = para.CurrentPrice_; double strike = this.strike_; double dividendYield = para.Dividend_ / 100; double riskFreeRate = para.Drift_ / 100; if (this.callPutEnum_ == Option.Type.Call) { this.imVol_ = para.Call_Interpolation_.value(this.strike_); } else if (this.callPutEnum_ == Option.Type.Put) { this.imVol_ = para.Put_Interpolation_.value(this.strike_); } double volatility = (this.imVol_ ) / 100; Date maturity = new Date(this.maturiry_.AddDays(1)); if (this.callPutEnum_ == 0) { this.deltaCal_ = 1.0; this.gammaCal_ = 0.0; this.vegaCal_ = 0.0; this.thetaCal_ = 0.0; this.rhoCal_ = 0.0; this.deltaPosition_ = sellBuySign * this.unit_ * 500000 * underlying; this.deltaRisk_ = this.deltaPosition_ * 0.09; this.gammaRisk_ = 0.0; this.vegaRisk_ = 0.0; this.totalRisk_ = this.deltaRisk_ + this.gammaRisk_ + this.vegaRisk_; this.deepOTM_ = 0.0; //this.remainDays_ = maturity - settlementDate; this.remainDays_ = (this.maturiry_ - para.ReferenceDate_).Days + 1; return; } DayCounter dayCounter = new Actual365Fixed(); Exercise europeanExercise = new EuropeanExercise(maturity); SimpleQuote quote = new SimpleQuote(underlying); Handle<Quote> underlyingH = new Handle<Quote>(quote); // bootstrap the yield/dividend/vol curves var flatTermStructure = new Handle<YieldTermStructure>(new FlatForward(settlementDate, riskFreeRate, dayCounter)); var flatDividendTS = new Handle<YieldTermStructure>(new FlatForward(settlementDate, dividendYield, dayCounter)); var flatVolTS = new Handle<BlackVolTermStructure>(new BlackConstantVol(settlementDate, calendar, volatility, dayCounter)); StrikedTypePayoff payoff = new PlainVanillaPayoff(type, strike); var bsmProcess = new BlackScholesMertonProcess(underlyingH, flatDividendTS, flatTermStructure, flatVolTS); // options VanillaOption europeanOption = new VanillaOption(payoff, europeanExercise); // Analytic formulas: // Black-Scholes for European europeanOption.setPricingEngine(new AnalyticEuropeanEngine(bsmProcess)); this.npv_ = Math.Round(europeanOption.NPV(), 6); this.deltaCal_ = sellBuySign * Math.Round(europeanOption.delta(), 6); this.gammaCal_ = sellBuySign * Math.Round(europeanOption.gamma(), 6); this.vegaCal_ = sellBuySign * Math.Round(europeanOption.vega() / 100, 6); this.thetaCal_ = sellBuySign * Math.Round(europeanOption.theta() / 365, 6); this.rhoCal_ = sellBuySign * Math.Round(europeanOption.rho() / 100, 6); this.deltaPosition_ = Math.Round(this.deltaCal_ * this.unit_ * 500000 * underlying,0); this.deltaRisk_ = Math.Round(this.deltaPosition_ * 0.09,0); this.gammaRisk_ = Math.Round(0.5 * this.gammaCal_ * (underlying * underlying * 0.08 * 0.08) * this.unit_ * 500000, 0); this.vegaRisk_ = Math.Round(this.vegaCal_ * this.imVol_ * 0.25 * this.unit_ * 500000, 0); this.totalRisk_ = this.deltaRisk_ + this.gammaRisk_ + this.vegaRisk_; this.deepOTM_ = 0.0; //this.remainDays_ = maturity - settlementDate; this.remainDays_ = (this.maturiry_ - para.ReferenceDate_).Days + 1; for (int i = 0; i < this.xData_.Length; i++) { quote.setValue(this.xData_[i]); this.yData_[i] = 500000.0 * (double)this.unit_ * europeanOption.NPV(); } }