/// <summary>
/// try various compression on the data,
/// return the best codec and compute the bits saved by it
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private Tuple <Type, Bitstream> GetBestCompressor(
string label,
List <uint> data
)
{
// use this to check each stream
var cc = new CompressionChecker {
Options = CompressionOptions
};
var stream = new Datastream(data);
var results = cc.TestAll(label, stream, internalFlags);
results.Sort((a, b) => a.CompressedBitLength.CompareTo(b.CompressedBitLength));
var best = results[0];
CodecBase codec;
if (best.CompressorType == typeof(FixedSizeCodec))
{
codec = new FixedSizeCodec();
}
else if (best.CompressorType == typeof(ArithmeticCodec))
{
codec = new ArithmeticCodec();
}
else if (best.CompressorType == typeof(HuffmanCodec))
{
codec = new HuffmanCodec();
}
else if (best.CompressorType == typeof(GolombCodec))
{
codec = new GolombCodec {
Parameter = best.Parameters[0]
}
}
;
else
{
throw new NotImplementedException("Unknown codec type");
}
var bitstream = codec.CompressToStream(stream, internalFlags);
var codecName = codec.GetType().Name;
StatRecorder.AddStat("codec win: " + label + " " + codecName, 1);
StatRecorder.AddStat($"codec win {codecName} saved high ", results.Last().CompressedBitLength - best.CompressedBitLength);
if (results.Count > 1)
{
StatRecorder.AddStat($"codec win {codecName} saved low ", results[1].CompressedBitLength - best.CompressedBitLength);
}
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.DumpCompressorSelections))
{
WriteLine($"{label} using {codecName}");
}
return(new Tuple <Type, Bitstream>(codec.GetType(), bitstream));
}
/// <summary>
/// try various compression on the data,
/// return list of compression results (bitLength, type, optional parameters)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="statPrefix"></param>
/// <param name="data"></param>
/// <param name="headerFlags"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public List <Result> TestAll(string statPrefix, Datastream data, Header.HeaderFlags headerFlags)
{
var results = new List <Result>();
// perform compression algorithm
Action <string, CodecBase, Type> tryCodec = (label, codec, codecType) =>
{
var bitstream = codec.CompressToStream(data, headerFlags);
var result = new Result(label, bitstream.Length, codecType);
if (codec.GetType() == typeof(GolombCodec))
{
var g = codec as GolombCodec;
if (g != null)
{
result.Parameters.Add(g.Parameter);
result.CompressorName += $"({g.Parameter})";
}
}
results.Add(result);
};
// try compression algorithms
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.UseFixed))
{
tryCodec("Fixed size", new FixedSizeCodec(), typeof(FixedSizeCodec));
}
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.UseArithmetic))
{
tryCodec("Arithmetic", new ArithmeticCodec(), typeof(ArithmeticCodec));
}
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.UseHuffman))
{
tryCodec("Huffman", new HuffmanCodec(), typeof(HuffmanCodec));
}
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.UseGolomb) && data.Max() < GolombCodec.GolombThreshold)
{
tryCodec("Golomb", new GolombCodec(), typeof(GolombCodec));
}
/* // try Golomb encoding
* if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.UseGolomb))
* {
* var bestg = UniversalCodec.Optimize(UniversalCodec.Golomb.Encode, data, 1, Math.Min(data.Max(), 256));
* var bitstream = bestg.Item1;
* var gname = $"Golomb({bestg.Item2,2})";
* results.Add(new Result(gname, bitstream.Length, typeof(GolombCodec), bestg.Item2));
* //results.Add(new Result(gname,bitstream.Length, typeof(UniversalCodec.Golomb), bestg.Item2));
* } */
Action <string, UniversalCodec.UniversalCodeDelegate, Type> tryEncoder = (label, codec, codecType) =>
{
var bitstream = UniversalCodec.CompressStream(codec, data.Select(v => v + 1).ToList());
results.Add(new Result(label, bitstream.Length, codecType));
};
// try Elias codes - all perform poorly - todo - need way to pass this back as type?
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.UseEliasDelta))
{
tryEncoder("EliasDelta", UniversalCodec.Elias.EncodeDelta, typeof(UniversalCodec.Elias));
}
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.UseEliasGamma))
{
tryEncoder("EliasGamma", UniversalCodec.Elias.EncodeGamma, typeof(UniversalCodec.Elias));
}
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.UseEliasOmega))
{
tryEncoder("EliasOmega", UniversalCodec.Elias.EncodeOmega, typeof(UniversalCodec.Elias));
}
// Stout
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.UseStout))
{
tryEncoder("Stout", (b, v) => UniversalCodec.Stout.Encode(b, v, 3), typeof(UniversalCodec.Stout));
}
// BinaryAdaptiveSequentialEncode
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.UseBasc))
{
var bitstream = new Bitstream();
UniversalCodec.BinaryAdaptiveSequentialEncode(bitstream, data, UniversalCodec.Elias.EncodeDelta);
var label = "BASC";
results.Add(new Result(label, bitstream.Length, typeof(UniversalCodec)));
}
// save stats
foreach (var result in results)
{
StatRecorder.AddStat(statPrefix + "_" + result.CompressorName, result.CompressedBitLength);
}
return(results);
}
/// <summary>
/// Given the leaf nodes, create a canonical Huffman compression table
/// Format is
/// Elias delta code bitsPerSymbol
/// Elias delta code maxCodeWordLength
/// Then maxCodeWordLength counts of each codeword length,
/// Then sum of those lengths of symbols, each of the given length
/// </summary>
/// <param name="leaves1"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
Bitstream MakeTable(List <Node> leaves1)
{
Trace.Assert(leaves1.Count > 0);
// longest codeword
uint maxCodewordLength = leaves1.Max(n => n.Codeword.BitLength);
uint minCodewordLength = leaves1.Min(n => n.Codeword.BitLength);
WriteLine($"Min, max codeword lengths {minCodewordLength} {maxCodewordLength}");
// get counts of each codeword length
var codewordLengthCounts = new List <int>();
for (var codewordLength = minCodewordLength; codewordLength <= maxCodewordLength; ++codewordLength)
{
codewordLengthCounts.Add(leaves1.Count(n => n.Codeword.BitLength == codewordLength));
}
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.LogCodewordLengths))
{
for (var codewordLength = minCodewordLength; codewordLength <= maxCodewordLength; ++codewordLength)
{
var count = codewordLengthCounts[(int)(codewordLength - minCodewordLength)];
StatRecorder.AddStat($"Huffman_Codeword_{codewordLength}", (uint)count);
}
}
Trace.Assert(codewordLengthCounts.Sum() == leaves1.Count);
// bits for each item to store
uint bitsPerSymbol = BitsRequired(leaves1.Max(n => n.Symbol));
// codeword length is < alphabet size (proof: look at tree to make codewords)
// the largest count of codewords of a given length is ceiling (log_2(alphabet size))
// look at construction tree to see this
var bitsPerCodelengthCount = BitsRequired((uint)codewordLengthCounts.Max());
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.DumpDictionary))
{
// write table for debugging
WriteLine("Make huffman tree:");
for (var length = minCodewordLength; length <= maxCodewordLength; ++length)
{
Write($" {length,3}: {codewordLengthCounts[(int)(length - minCodewordLength)],3} -> ");
var length1 = length; // avoid modified closure
foreach (var s in leaves1.Where(n => n.Codeword.BitLength == length1))
{
Write($"x{s.Symbol:X2}, ");
}
WriteLine();
}
}
// now write the bit sizes of each entry type, then counts of distinct lengths, then the symbols
var bs = new Bitstream();
// want to save the minimum codeword length and the delta to the max codeword length
// size of codeword min and delta to max
uint deltaCodewordLength = maxCodewordLength - minCodewordLength;
// all header values
UniversalCodec.Lomont.EncodeLomont1(bs, bitsPerSymbol - 1, 3, 0); // 1-32, usually 8, subtracting 1 gives 7, fits in 3 bits
UniversalCodec.Lomont.EncodeLomont1(bs, bitsPerCodelengthCount - 1, 3, 0); // usually 4,5,6
UniversalCodec.Lomont.EncodeLomont1(bs, minCodewordLength - 1, 2, 0); // quite often 1,2,3,4, usually small
UniversalCodec.Lomont.EncodeLomont1(bs, deltaCodewordLength - 1, 4, -1); // 9-12, up to 16,17
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.DumpHeader))
{
WriteLine("Huffman encode header:");
WriteLine($" bits per symbol {bitsPerSymbol} bits per code length count {bitsPerCodelengthCount}");
WriteLine($" min len code {minCodewordLength} delta code len {deltaCodewordLength}");
}
// write table - one entry for each codeword length present, entry is count then symbols
int symbolIndex = 0;
for (uint length = minCodewordLength; length <= maxCodewordLength; ++length)
{
int count = codewordLengthCounts[(int)(length - minCodewordLength)];
bs.Write((uint)count, bitsPerCodelengthCount);
// write 'count' symbols
for (int j = 0; j < count; ++j)
{
bs.Write(leaves1[symbolIndex++].Symbol, bitsPerSymbol);
}
}
return(bs);
}
/// <summary>
/// Write the header for the compression algorithm
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bitstream"></param>
/// <param name="data"></param>
/// <param name="headerFlags">Flags telling what to put in the header. Useful when embedding in other streams.</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override void WriteHeader(Bitstream bitstream, Datastream data, Header.HeaderFlags headerFlags)
{
// erase data streams
decisions.Clear();
decisionRuns.Clear();
literals.Clear();
distances.Clear();
lengths.Clear();
tokens.Clear();
// fill in all the data streams
uint actualMinLength, actualMaxDistance;
ComputeStreams(data, out actualMinLength, out actualMaxDistance);
// due to the vagaries of this format, we write the entire file in the header call,
// and unfortunately ignore the encode symbol and footer sections
// dump info to help analyze
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.DumpDebug))
{
WriteLine("LZCL compress:");
WriteLine($" Data length {data.Count} ");
}
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.ShowTallies))
{
// some info to help make analyze and make decisions
Write("Length tally: ");
Tally(lengths);
WriteLine();
Write("Distance tally: ");
Tally(distances);
WriteLine();
}
// get compressed streams so we can decide what to output
var decisionChoice = GetBestCompressor("decisions", decisions);
var decisionRunsChoice = GetBestCompressor("decision runs", decisionRuns);
var literalsChoice = GetBestCompressor("literals", literals);
var tokensChoice = GetBestCompressor("tokens", tokens);
var distancesChoice = GetBestCompressor("distances", distances);
var lengthsChoice = GetBestCompressor("lengths", lengths);
// write header values
Header.WriteUniversalHeader(bitstream, data, headerFlags);
// save max distance occurring, used to encode tokens, very useful to users to know window needed size
UniversalCodec.Lomont.EncodeLomont1(bitstream, actualMaxDistance, 10, 0);
UniversalCodec.Lomont.EncodeLomont1(bitstream, actualMinLength, 2, 0);
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.DumpDebug))
{
WriteLine($"actual min length {actualMinLength}");
}
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.DumpDebug))
{
WriteLine($"Max distance {actualMaxDistance}");
}
if (decisionChoice.Item2.Length < decisionRunsChoice.Item2.Length)
{
// denote choice
bitstream.Write(0);
// save item
WriteItem(bitstream, decisionChoice);
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.DumpDebug))
{
WriteLine("Decisions smaller than decision runs");
}
StatRecorder.AddStat($"codec used: decisions {decisionChoice.Item1.Name}", 1);
}
else
{
// denote choice
bitstream.Write(1);
// save initial value
bitstream.Write(decisions[0]);
// save item
WriteItem(bitstream, decisionRunsChoice);
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.DumpDebug))
{
WriteLine("Decisions runs smaller than decisions");
}
StatRecorder.AddStat($"codec used: decision runs {decisionRunsChoice.Item1.Name}", 1);
}
// literals
WriteItem(bitstream, literalsChoice);
StatRecorder.AddStat($"codec used: literals {literalsChoice.Item1.Name}", 1);
// tokens or separate distance, length pairs
if (tokensChoice.Item2.Length < distancesChoice.Item2.Length + lengthsChoice.Item2.Length)
{
// denote choice
bitstream.Write(0);
// save item
WriteItem(bitstream, tokensChoice);
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.DumpDebug))
{
WriteLine("Tokens smaller than distance,length pairs");
}
StatRecorder.AddStat($"codec used: tokens {tokensChoice.Item1.Name}", 1);
}
else
{
// denote choice
bitstream.Write(1);
// save items
WriteItem(bitstream, distancesChoice);
WriteItem(bitstream, lengthsChoice);
if (Options.HasFlag(OptionFlags.DumpDebug))
{
WriteLine("Distance,length pairs smaller than tokens");
}
StatRecorder.AddStat($"codec used: distances {distancesChoice.Item1.Name}", 1);
StatRecorder.AddStat($"codec used: lengths {lengthsChoice.Item1.Name}", 1);
}
}
