/// <summary>
/// Node in the tree that follows given node.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// If x is logically last node in the tree, returns RbTreeNode.Nil.
/// </remarks>
public RbTreeNode Next(RbTreeNode x)
{
RbTreeNode root = _root;
RbTreeNode y = x.Right;
if (y != RbTreeNode.Nil)
{
while (y.Left != RbTreeNode.Nil) /* returns the minimum of the right subtree of x */
{
y = y.Left;
}
return(y);
}
else
{
y = x.Parent;
while (x == y.Right) /* sentinel used instead of checking for nil */
{
x = y;
y = y.Parent;
}
if (y == root)
{
return(RbTreeNode.Nil);
}
return(y);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Node in the tree that precedes given node.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// If x is logically fisrt node, returns RbTreeNode.Nil.
/// </remarks>
public RbTreeNode Prev(RbTreeNode x)
{
RbTreeNode root = _root;
RbTreeNode y = x.Left;
if (y != RbTreeNode.Nil)
{
while (y.Right != RbTreeNode.Nil) /* returns the maximum of the left subtree of x */
{
y = y.Right;
}
return(y);
}
else
{
y = x.Parent;
while (x == y.Left)
{
if (y == root)
{
return(RbTreeNode.Nil);
}
x = y;
y = y.Parent;
}
return(y);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Right rotation of the tree around y.
/// </summary>
static private void RightRotate(RbTreeNode y)
{
RbTreeNode x = y.Left;
y.Left = x.Right;
if (x.Right != RbTreeNode.Nil)
{
x.Right.Parent = y;
}
x.Parent = y.Parent;
if (y == y.Parent.Left)
{
y.Parent.Left = x;
}
else
{
y.Parent.Right = x;
}
x.Right = y;
y.Parent = x;
}
/// <summary>
/// Left rotation of the tree around x.
/// </summary>
private void LeftRotate(RbTreeNode x)
{
RbTreeNode y = x.Right;
x.Right = y.Left;
if (y.Left != RbTreeNode.Nil)
{
y.Left.Parent = x;
}
y.Parent = x.Parent;
if (x == x.Parent.Left)
{
x.Parent.Left = y;
}
else
{
x.Parent.Right = y;
}
y.Left = x;
x.Parent = y;
}
/// <summary>
/// Removes object(s) from the tree.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="val">Object to remove.</param>
/// <returns>Number of nodes removed.</returns>
/// <remarks>
/// Finds and removes all nodes in the tree whose values compare equal to val.
/// Returns number of removed nodes (possibly zero).
/// </remarks>
public int Erase(object val)
{
RbTreeNode first = LowerBound(val);
RbTreeNode last = UpperBound(val);
int nDeleted = 0;
while (first != last)
{
RbTreeNode temp = first;
first = Next(first);
Erase(temp);
++nDeleted;
}
return(nDeleted);
}
/// <summary>
/// Inserts item based only on its value, probably violating Left/Right property.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="z">Node to insert.</param>
///
/// <param name="allowDuplicates">If true, will insert the node even if equal node
/// already exists in the tree. If false, behavior depends on replaceIfDuplicate.
/// </param>
///
/// <param name="replaceIfDuplicate">Matters only if node equal to z exists in the
/// tree and allowDuplicates is false. If replaceIfDuplicate is true, z replaces
/// existing node. Otherwise, tree does not change.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// result.NewNode is true if new node was inserted to the tree'
/// result.Node contains newly inserted node if any, or node equal to z
/// </returns>
///
private InsertResult BinaryInsert(RbTreeNode z, bool allowDuplicates, bool replaceIfDuplicate)
{
z.Left = RbTreeNode.Nil;
z.Right = RbTreeNode.Nil;
RbTreeNode y = _root;
RbTreeNode x = _root.Left;
while (x != RbTreeNode.Nil)
{
y = x;
int result = _comparer.Compare(x.Value, z.Value);
if (!allowDuplicates && (result == 0))
{
if (replaceIfDuplicate)
{
x.Value = z.Value;
}
return(new InsertResult(false, x));
}
if (result > 0) // x.Value > z.Value
{
x = x.Left;
}
else
{
x = x.Right;
}
}
z.Parent = y;
if ((y == _root) || (_comparer.Compare(y.Value, z.Value) > 0))
{
y.Left = z;
}
else
{
y.Right = z;
}
z.Parent = y;
return(new InsertResult(true, z));
}
/// <summary>
/// Finds object in the set.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>First object equal to <b>obj</b>, or null if not found.</returns>
public object Find(object key)
{
if (key == null)
{
return(null);
}
RbTreeNode node = _tree.LowerBound(key);
if (node.IsNull)
{
return(null);
}
if (Comparer.Compare(node.Value, key) == 0)
{
return(node.Value);
}
return(null);
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns first node whose value is strictly greater than parameter.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="val">The value to look for.</param>
/// <returns>The node, if found, or RbTreeNode.Nil.</returns>
public RbTreeNode UpperBound(object val)
{
RbTreeNode x = Root;
RbTreeNode y = RbTreeNode.Nil;
while (x != RbTreeNode.Nil)
{
if (_comparer.Compare(val, x.Value) < 0) // val < x.Value
{
y = x;
x = x.Left;
}
else
{
x = x.Right;
}
}
return(y);
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns fisrt node whose value is not less than parameter.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="val">The value to look for.</param>
/// <returns>The node, if found, or RbTreeNode.Nil.</returns>
public RbTreeNode LowerBound(object val)
{
RbTreeNode x = Root;
RbTreeNode y = RbTreeNode.Nil; // previous value of x
while (x != RbTreeNode.Nil)
{
if (_comparer.Compare(val, x.Value) <= 0) // val <= x.Value
{
y = x;
x = x.Left;
}
else
{
x = x.Right;
}
}
return(y);
}
/// <summary>
/// Inserts item based only on its value, probably violating Left/Right property.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="z">Node to insert.</param>
///
/// <param name="allowDuplicates">If true, will insert the node even if equal node
/// already exists in the tree. If false, behavior depends on replaceIfDuplicate.
/// </param>
///
/// <param name="replaceIfDuplicate">Matters only if node equal to z exists in the
/// tree and allowDuplicates is false. If replaceIfDuplicate is true, z replaces
/// existing node. Otherwise, tree does not change.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// result.NewNode is true if new node was inserted to the tree'
/// result.Node contains newly inserted node if any, or node equal to z
/// </returns>
///
private InsertResult BinaryInsert(RbTreeNode z, bool allowDuplicates, bool replaceIfDuplicate) {
z.Left = RbTreeNode.Nil;
z.Right = RbTreeNode.Nil;
RbTreeNode y = _root;
RbTreeNode x = _root.Left;
while (x != RbTreeNode.Nil) {
y = x;
int result = _comparer.Compare(x.Value, z.Value);
if (!allowDuplicates && (result == 0)) {
if (replaceIfDuplicate) {
x.Value = z.Value;
}
return new InsertResult(false, x);
}
if (result > 0) // x.Value > z.Value
{
x = x.Left;
} else {
x = x.Right;
}
}
z.Parent = y;
if ((y == _root) || (_comparer.Compare(y.Value, z.Value) > 0)) {
y.Left = z;
} else {
y.Right = z;
}
z.Parent = y;
return new InsertResult(true, z);
}
/// <summary>
/// Finds object(s) in the set.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>Collection of objects equal to <b>obj</b>.</returns>
/// <remarks>
/// If no elements equal to <b>obj</b> are found in the set, returns
/// valid reference to an empty collection.
/// </remarks>
public System.Collections.ICollection FindAll(object key)
{
System.Collections.ArrayList result = new System.Collections.ArrayList();
if (key == null)
{
return(result);
}
RbTreeNode lower = _tree.LowerBound(key);
RbTreeNode upper = _tree.UpperBound(key);
if (lower == upper)
{
return(result);
}
for (RbTreeNode node = lower; node != upper; node = _tree.Next(node))
{
result.Add(node.Value);
}
return(result);
}
/// <summary>
/// Inserts object into the tree.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="val">Value to insert.</param>
///
/// <param name="allowDuplicates">If true, will create a new node even if equal node
/// already exists in the tree. If false, behavior depends on replaceIfDuplicate.
/// </param>
///
/// <param name="replaceIfDuplicate">Matters only if node equal to val exists in the
/// tree and allowDuplicates is false. If replaceIfDuplicate is true, val replaces
/// value of existing node. Otherwise, tree does not change.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// <list type="table">
/// <item><term>result.NewNode</term><description>true if new node was inserted to the tree</description></item>
/// <item><term>result.Node</term><description>contains newly inserted node if any, or node equal to val</description> </item>
/// </list>
/// </returns>
public InsertResult Insert(object val, bool allowDuplicates, bool replaceIfDuplicate) {
RbTreeNode newNode = new RbTreeNode(val);
InsertResult result = BinaryInsert(newNode, allowDuplicates, replaceIfDuplicate);
if (!result.NewNode)
return result;
RbTreeNode x = newNode;
x.IsRed = true;
while (x.Parent.IsRed) {
if (x.Parent == x.Parent.Parent.Left) {
RbTreeNode y = x.Parent.Parent.Right;
if (y.IsRed) {
x.Parent.IsRed = false;
y.IsRed = false;
x.Parent.Parent.IsRed = true;
x = x.Parent.Parent;
} else {
if (x == x.Parent.Right) {
x = x.Parent;
LeftRotate(x);
}
x.Parent.IsRed = false;
x.Parent.Parent.IsRed = true;
RightRotate(x.Parent.Parent);
}
} else { /* case for x.Parent == x.Parent.Parent.Right */
RbTreeNode y = x.Parent.Parent.Left;
if (y.IsRed) {
x.Parent.IsRed = false;
y.IsRed = false;
x.Parent.Parent.IsRed = true;
x = x.Parent.Parent;
} else {
if (x == x.Parent.Left) {
x = x.Parent;
RightRotate(x);
}
x.Parent.IsRed = false;
x.Parent.Parent.IsRed = true;
LeftRotate(x.Parent.Parent);
}
}
}
_root.Left.IsRed = false;
return new InsertResult(true, newNode);
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a new instance of a red-black tree.
/// </summary>
public RbTree(IComparer comparer)
{
_root = new RbTreeNode(null);
_root.IsRed = false;
_comparer = comparer;
}
/// <summary>
/// Removes node from the tree, re-arranging red-black structure as needed.
/// </summary>
public void Erase(RbTreeNode z)
{
RbTreeNode y;
RbTreeNode x;
RbTreeNode root = _root;
if ((z.Left == RbTreeNode.Nil) || (z.Right == RbTreeNode.Nil))
{
y = z;
}
else
{
y = Next(z);
}
x = (y.Left == RbTreeNode.Nil) ? y.Right : y.Left;
if (_root == (x.Parent = y.Parent)) /* assignment of y.p to x.p is intentional */
{
_root.Left = x;
}
else
{
if (y == y.Parent.Left)
{
y.Parent.Left = x;
}
else
{
y.Parent.Right = x;
}
}
if (!(y.IsRed))
{
DeleteFixUp(x);
}
if (y != z)
{
y.Left = z.Left;
y.Right = z.Right;
y.Parent = z.Parent;
y.IsRed = z.IsRed;
z.Left.Parent = z.Right.Parent = y;
if (z == z.Parent.Left)
{
z.Parent.Left = y;
}
else
{
z.Parent.Right = y;
}
}
IDisposable zVal = z.Value as IDisposable;
if (zVal != null)
{
zVal.Dispose();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates new instance of InsertResult.
/// </summary>
public InsertResult(bool newNode, RbTreeNode node) {
NewNode = newNode;
Node = node;
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a new instance of a red-black tree.
/// </summary>
public RbTree(IComparer comparer) {
_root = new RbTreeNode(null);
_root.IsRed = false;
_comparer = comparer;
}
/// <summary>
/// Node in the tree that precedes given node.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// If x is logically fisrt node, returns RbTreeNode.Nil.
/// </remarks>
public RbTreeNode Prev(RbTreeNode x) {
RbTreeNode root = _root;
RbTreeNode y = x.Left;
if (y != RbTreeNode.Nil) {
while (y.Right != RbTreeNode.Nil) { /* returns the maximum of the left subtree of x */
y = y.Right;
}
return (y);
} else {
y = x.Parent;
while (x == y.Left) {
if (y == root)
return RbTreeNode.Nil;
x = y;
y = y.Parent;
}
return (y);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Removes node from the tree, re-arranging red-black structure as needed.
/// </summary>
public void Erase(RbTreeNode z) {
RbTreeNode y;
RbTreeNode x;
RbTreeNode root = _root;
if ((z.Left == RbTreeNode.Nil) || (z.Right == RbTreeNode.Nil)) {
y = z;
} else {
y = Next(z);
}
x = (y.Left == RbTreeNode.Nil) ? y.Right : y.Left;
if (_root == (x.Parent = y.Parent)) /* assignment of y.p to x.p is intentional */ {
_root.Left = x;
} else {
if (y == y.Parent.Left) {
y.Parent.Left = x;
} else {
y.Parent.Right = x;
}
}
if (!(y.IsRed))
DeleteFixUp(x);
if (y != z) {
y.Left = z.Left;
y.Right = z.Right;
y.Parent = z.Parent;
y.IsRed = z.IsRed;
z.Left.Parent = z.Right.Parent = y;
if (z == z.Parent.Left) {
z.Parent.Left = y;
} else {
z.Parent.Right = y;
}
}
IDisposable zVal = z.Value as IDisposable;
if (zVal != null)
zVal.Dispose();
}
private void DeleteFixUp(RbTreeNode x) {
RbTreeNode root = _root.Left;
while ((!x.IsRed) && (root != x)) {
if (x == x.Parent.Left) {
RbTreeNode w = x.Parent.Right;
if (w.IsRed) {
w.IsRed = false;
x.Parent.IsRed = true;
LeftRotate(x.Parent);
w = x.Parent.Right;
}
if ((!w.Right.IsRed) && (!w.Left.IsRed)) {
w.IsRed = true;
x = x.Parent;
} else {
if (!w.Right.IsRed) {
w.Left.IsRed = false;
w.IsRed = true;
RightRotate(w);
w = x.Parent.Right;
}
w.IsRed = x.Parent.IsRed;
x.Parent.IsRed = false;
w.Right.IsRed = false;
LeftRotate(x.Parent);
x = root; /* this is to exit while loop */
}
} else { /* the code below is has Left and Right switched from above */
RbTreeNode w = x.Parent.Left;
if (w.IsRed) {
w.IsRed = false;
x.Parent.IsRed = true;
RightRotate(x.Parent);
w = x.Parent.Left;
}
if ((!w.Right.IsRed) && (!w.Left.IsRed)) {
w.IsRed = true;
x = x.Parent;
} else {
if (!w.Left.IsRed) {
w.Right.IsRed = false;
w.IsRed = true;
LeftRotate(w);
w = x.Parent.Left;
}
w.IsRed = x.Parent.IsRed;
x.Parent.IsRed = false;
w.Left.IsRed = false;
RightRotate(x.Parent);
x = root; /* this is to exit while loop */
}
}
}
x.IsRed = false;
}
/// <summary>
/// Node in the tree that follows given node.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// If x is logically last node in the tree, returns RbTreeNode.Nil.
/// </remarks>
public RbTreeNode Next(RbTreeNode x) {
RbTreeNode root = _root;
RbTreeNode y = x.Right;
if (y != RbTreeNode.Nil) {
while (y.Left != RbTreeNode.Nil) { /* returns the minimum of the right subtree of x */
y = y.Left;
}
return (y);
} else {
y = x.Parent;
while (x == y.Right) { /* sentinel used instead of checking for nil */
x = y;
y = y.Parent;
}
if (y == root)
return (RbTreeNode.Nil);
return (y);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates new instance of InsertResult.
/// </summary>
public InsertResult(bool newNode, RbTreeNode node)
{
NewNode = newNode;
Node = node;
}
/// <summary>
/// Right rotation of the tree around y.
/// </summary>
static private void RightRotate(RbTreeNode y) {
RbTreeNode x = y.Left;
y.Left = x.Right;
if (x.Right != RbTreeNode.Nil) {
x.Right.Parent = y;
}
x.Parent = y.Parent;
if (y == y.Parent.Left) {
y.Parent.Left = x;
} else {
y.Parent.Right = x;
}
x.Right = y;
y.Parent = x;
}
/// <summary>
/// Left rotation of the tree around x.
/// </summary>
private void LeftRotate(RbTreeNode x) {
RbTreeNode y = x.Right;
x.Right = y.Left;
if (y.Left != RbTreeNode.Nil)
y.Left.Parent = x;
y.Parent = x.Parent;
if (x == x.Parent.Left) {
x.Parent.Left = y;
} else {
x.Parent.Right = y;
}
y.Left = x;
x.Parent = y;
}
/// <summary>
/// Inserts object into the tree.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="val">Value to insert.</param>
///
/// <param name="allowDuplicates">If true, will create a new node even if equal node
/// already exists in the tree. If false, behavior depends on replaceIfDuplicate.
/// </param>
///
/// <param name="replaceIfDuplicate">Matters only if node equal to val exists in the
/// tree and allowDuplicates is false. If replaceIfDuplicate is true, val replaces
/// value of existing node. Otherwise, tree does not change.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// <list type="table">
/// <item><term>result.NewNode</term><description>true if new node was inserted to the tree</description></item>
/// <item><term>result.Node</term><description>contains newly inserted node if any, or node equal to val</description> </item>
/// </list>
/// </returns>
public InsertResult Insert(object val, bool allowDuplicates, bool replaceIfDuplicate)
{
RbTreeNode newNode = new RbTreeNode(val);
InsertResult result = BinaryInsert(newNode, allowDuplicates, replaceIfDuplicate);
if (!result.NewNode)
{
return(result);
}
RbTreeNode x = newNode;
x.IsRed = true;
while (x.Parent.IsRed)
{
if (x.Parent == x.Parent.Parent.Left)
{
RbTreeNode y = x.Parent.Parent.Right;
if (y.IsRed)
{
x.Parent.IsRed = false;
y.IsRed = false;
x.Parent.Parent.IsRed = true;
x = x.Parent.Parent;
}
else
{
if (x == x.Parent.Right)
{
x = x.Parent;
LeftRotate(x);
}
x.Parent.IsRed = false;
x.Parent.Parent.IsRed = true;
RightRotate(x.Parent.Parent);
}
}
else /* case for x.Parent == x.Parent.Parent.Right */
{
RbTreeNode y = x.Parent.Parent.Left;
if (y.IsRed)
{
x.Parent.IsRed = false;
y.IsRed = false;
x.Parent.Parent.IsRed = true;
x = x.Parent.Parent;
}
else
{
if (x == x.Parent.Left)
{
x = x.Parent;
RightRotate(x);
}
x.Parent.IsRed = false;
x.Parent.Parent.IsRed = true;
LeftRotate(x.Parent.Parent);
}
}
}
_root.Left.IsRed = false;
return(new InsertResult(true, newNode));
}
private void DeleteFixUp(RbTreeNode x)
{
RbTreeNode root = _root.Left;
while ((!x.IsRed) && (root != x))
{
if (x == x.Parent.Left)
{
RbTreeNode w = x.Parent.Right;
if (w.IsRed)
{
w.IsRed = false;
x.Parent.IsRed = true;
LeftRotate(x.Parent);
w = x.Parent.Right;
}
if ((!w.Right.IsRed) && (!w.Left.IsRed))
{
w.IsRed = true;
x = x.Parent;
}
else
{
if (!w.Right.IsRed)
{
w.Left.IsRed = false;
w.IsRed = true;
RightRotate(w);
w = x.Parent.Right;
}
w.IsRed = x.Parent.IsRed;
x.Parent.IsRed = false;
w.Right.IsRed = false;
LeftRotate(x.Parent);
x = root; /* this is to exit while loop */
}
}
else /* the code below is has Left and Right switched from above */
{
RbTreeNode w = x.Parent.Left;
if (w.IsRed)
{
w.IsRed = false;
x.Parent.IsRed = true;
RightRotate(x.Parent);
w = x.Parent.Left;
}
if ((!w.Right.IsRed) && (!w.Left.IsRed))
{
w.IsRed = true;
x = x.Parent;
}
else
{
if (!w.Left.IsRed)
{
w.Right.IsRed = false;
w.IsRed = true;
LeftRotate(w);
w = x.Parent.Left;
}
w.IsRed = x.Parent.IsRed;
x.Parent.IsRed = false;
w.Left.IsRed = false;
RightRotate(x.Parent);
x = root; /* this is to exit while loop */
}
}
}
x.IsRed = false;
}