// SVC objective function ===========================================================================
public double f(double[] param, OFSet ofset)
{
HestonPrice HP = new HestonPrice();
Bisection B = new Bisection();
double S = ofset.opset.S;
double r = ofset.opset.r;
double q = ofset.opset.q;
int trap = ofset.opset.trap;
double[,] MktIV = ofset.data.MktIV;
double[,] MktPrice = ofset.data.MktPrice;
string[,] PutCall = ofset.data.PutCall;
double[] K = ofset.data.K;
double[] T = ofset.data.T;
double[] X = ofset.X;
double[] W = ofset.W;
string CF = ofset.CF;
int LossFunction = ofset.LossFunction;
int NK = PutCall.GetLength(0);
int NT = PutCall.GetLength(1);
int NX = X.Length;
HParam param2 = new HParam();
param2.kappa = param[0];
param2.theta = param[1];
param2.sigma = param[2];
param2.v0 = param[3];
param2.rho = param[4];
// Settings for the Bisection algorithm
double a = 0.001;
double b = 3.0;
double Tol = 1e5;
int MaxIter = 10000;
// Initialize the model price and model implied vol vectors, and the objective function value
double[,] ModelPrice = new double[NK, NT];
double[,] ModelIV = new double[NK, NT];
double Vega = 0.0;
double Error = 0.0;
double pi = Math.PI;
if ((param2.kappa <= 0) || (param2.theta <= 0) || (param2.sigma <= 0) || (param2.v0 <= 0) || (param2.rho <= -1) ||
(param2.kappa >= 20) || (param2.theta >= 2) || (param2.sigma >= 2) || (param2.v0 >= 3) || (param2.rho >= 1))
{
Error = 1e50;
}
else
{
Complex phi = new Complex(0.0, 0.0);
double phi2 = 0.0;
Complex i = new Complex(0.0, 1.0);
Complex[] f2 = new Complex[NX];
Complex[] f1 = new Complex[NX];
Complex[] f = new Complex[NX];
double[] int1 = new double[NX];
double[] int2 = new double[NX];
Complex I1 = new Complex(0.0, 0.0);
Complex I2 = new Complex(0.0, 0.0);
double CallPrice = 0.0;
for (int t = 0; t < NT; t++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < NX; j++)
{
phi = X[j];
if (CF == "Heston")
{
f2[j] = HP.HestonCF(phi, param2, S, r, q, T[t], trap);
f1[j] = HP.HestonCF(phi - i, param2, S, r, q, T[t], trap) / (S * Math.Exp((r - q) * T[t]));
}
else if (CF == "Attari")
{
phi2 = X[j];
}
f[j] = HP.AttariCF(phi2, param2, T[t], S, r, q, trap);
}
for (int k = 0; k < NK; k++)
{
double L = Math.Log(Math.Exp(-r * T[t]) * K[k] / S);
for (int j = 0; j < NX; j++)
{
phi = X[j];
if (CF == "Heston")
{
I1 = Complex.Exp(-i * phi * Complex.Log(K[k])) * f1[j] / i / phi;
int1[j] = W[j] * I1.Real;
I2 = Complex.Exp(-i * phi * Complex.Log(K[k])) * f2[j] / i / phi;
int2[j] = W[j] * I2.Real;
}
else if (CF == "Attari")
{
phi2 = X[j];
double fR = f[j].Real;
double fI = f[j].Imaginary;
int1[j] = W[j] * ((fR + fI / phi2) * Math.Cos(L * phi2) + (fI - fR / phi2) * Math.Sin(L * phi2)) / (1 + phi2 * phi2);
}
}
if (CF == "Heston")
{
double P1 = 0.5 + 1.0 / pi * int1.Sum();
double P2 = 0.5 + 1.0 / pi * int2.Sum();
CallPrice = S * Math.Exp(-q * T[t]) * P1 - K[k] * Math.Exp(-r * T[t]) * P2;
}
else if (CF == "Attari")
{
CallPrice = S * Math.Exp(-q * T[t]) - K[k] * Math.Exp(-r * T[t]) * (0.5 + 1.0 / pi * int1.Sum());
}
if (PutCall[k, t] == "C")
{
ModelPrice[k, t] = CallPrice;
}
else
{
ModelPrice[k, t] = CallPrice - S * Math.Exp(-q * T[t]) + Math.Exp(-r * T[t]) * K[k];
}
// Select the objective function
switch (LossFunction)
{
case 1:
// MSE Loss Function
Error += Math.Pow(ModelPrice[k, t] - MktPrice[k, t], 2) / Convert.ToDouble(NT * NK);;
break;
case 2:
// RMSE Loss Function
Error += Math.Pow(ModelPrice[k, t] - MktPrice[k, t], 2) / MktPrice[k, t] / Convert.ToDouble(NT * NK);;
break;
case 3:
// IVMSE Loss Function
ModelIV[k, t] = B.BisecBSIV(PutCall[k, t], S, K[k], r, q, T[t], a, b, ModelPrice[k, t], Tol, MaxIter);
Error += Math.Pow(ModelIV[k, t] - MktIV[k, t], 2) / Convert.ToDouble(NT * NK);;
break;
case 4:
// IVRMSE Christoffersen, Heston, Jacobs proxy
double d = (Math.Log(S / K[k]) + (r - q + MktIV[k, t] * MktIV[k, t] / 2.0) * T[t]) / MktIV[k, t] / Math.Sqrt(T[t]);
double NormPDF = Math.Exp(-0.5 * d * d) / Math.Sqrt(2 * pi);
Vega = S * NormPDF * Math.Sqrt(T[t]);
Error += Math.Pow(ModelPrice[k, t] - MktPrice[k, t], 2) / Vega / Vega / Convert.ToDouble(NT * NK);
break;
}
}
}
}
return(Error);
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Classes
MiscFunctions MF = new MiscFunctions();
DiffEvoAlgo DE = new DiffEvoAlgo();
NelderMeadAlgo NM = new NelderMeadAlgo();
ObjectiveFunction OF = new ObjectiveFunction();
// 32-point Gauss-Laguerre Abscissas and weights
double[] X = new Double[32];
double[] W = new Double[32];
using (TextReader reader = File.OpenText("../../GaussLaguerre32.txt"))
for (int k = 0; k <= 31; k++)
{
string text = reader.ReadLine();
string[] bits = text.Split(' ');
X[k] = double.Parse(bits[0]);
W[k] = double.Parse(bits[1]);
}
// Option settings
OPSet opset;
opset.S = 137.14;
opset.r = 0.0010;
opset.q = 0.0068;
opset.trap = 1;
// Bisection algorithm settings
double a = 0.01;
double b = 3.0;
double Tol = 1e-5;
int MaxIter = 1000;
int ObjectiveFun = 1;
// Read in SP500 implied volatilities
int NT = 4;
int NK = 7;
double[,] MktIV = new Double[7, 4]
{
{ 0.2780, 0.2638, 0.2532, 0.2518 },
{ 0.2477, 0.2402, 0.2364, 0.2369 },
{ 0.2186, 0.2158, 0.2203, 0.2239 },
{ 0.1878, 0.1930, 0.2047, 0.2098 },
{ 0.1572, 0.1712, 0.1894, 0.1970 },
{ 0.1334, 0.1517, 0.1748, 0.1849 },
{ 0.1323, 0.1373, 0.1618, 0.1736 }
};
double[] K = new Double[7] {
120.0, 125.0, 130.0, 135.0, 140.0, 145.0, 150.0
};
double[] T = new Double[4] {
0.123287671232877, 0.268493150684932, 0.715068493150685, 0.953424657534247
};
// PutCall identifiers
string[,] PutCall = new String[NK, NT];
for (int k = 0; k <= NK - 1; k++)
{
for (int t = 0; t <= NT - 1; t++)
{
PutCall[k, t] = "C";
}
}
// Obtain the market prices
BlackScholesPrice BS = new BlackScholesPrice();
double[,] MktPrice = new Double[NK, NT];
for (int k = 0; k <= NK - 1; k++)
{
for (int t = 0; t <= NT - 1; t++)
{
MktPrice[k, t] = BS.BlackScholes(opset.S, K[k], T[t], opset.r, opset.q, MktIV[k, t], PutCall[k, t]);
}
}
// Place the market data in the structure
MktData data = new MktData();
data.MktIV = MktIV;
data.MktPrice = MktPrice;
data.K = K;
data.T = T;
data.PutCall = PutCall;
// Estimation bounds
double e = 1e-5;
double kappaL = e; double kappaU = 10;
double thetaL = e; double thetaU = 5;
double sigmaL = e; double sigmaU = 5;
double v0L = e; double v0U = 1;
double rhoL = -.9; double rhoU = 0;
double[] ub = new double[5] {
kappaU, thetaU, sigmaU, v0U, rhoU
};
double[] lb = new double[5] {
kappaL, thetaL, sigmaL, v0L, rhoL
};
// Objective function settings;
OFSet ofset;
ofset.opset = opset;
ofset.data = data;
ofset.X = X;
ofset.W = W;
ofset.LossFunction = 4; // Choice of loss function 1=MSE, 2=RMSE, 3=IVMSE, 4=Christoffersen et al.
ofset.lb = lb;
ofset.ub = ub;
ofset.CF = "Heston"; // Choice of c.f. "Heston" or "Attari"
// Settings for the Differential Evolution algorithm
DEParam ParamLim = new DEParam();
ParamLim.ub = ub;
ParamLim.lb = lb;
ParamLim.NG = 500;
ParamLim.NP = 75;
ParamLim.F = 0.5;
ParamLim.CR = 0.8;
// Run the differential evolution algorithm
HParam DEparam = DE.HestonDE(ParamLim, opset, data, ObjectiveFun, a, b, Tol, MaxIter, X, W, ofset.CF);
// Starting values (vertices) in vector form. Add random increment about each starting value
double kappaS = 9;
double thetaS = 0.05;
double sigmaS = 0.3;
double v0S = 0.05;
double rhoS = -0.8;
int N = 5;
double[,] s = new double[N, N + 1];
for (int j = 0; j <= N; j++)
{
s[0, j] = kappaS + MF.RandomNum(-0.10, 0.10);
s[1, j] = thetaS + MF.RandomNum(-0.01, 0.01);
s[2, j] = sigmaS + MF.RandomNum(-0.05, 0.05);
s[3, j] = v0S + MF.RandomNum(-0.01, 0.01);
s[4, j] = rhoS + MF.RandomNum(-0.05, 0.05);
}
// Nelder Mead settings
NMSet nmset;
nmset.ofset = ofset;
nmset.N = 5; // Number of Heston parameters
nmset.MaxIters = 1000; // Maximum number of iterations
nmset.Tolerance = 1e-4; // Tolerance on best and worst function values
// Run the Nelder Mead algorithm
double[] B = NM.NelderMead(OF.f, nmset, s);
HParam NMparam = new HParam();
NMparam.kappa = B[0];
NMparam.theta = B[1];
NMparam.sigma = B[2];
NMparam.v0 = B[3];
NMparam.rho = B[4];
// Calculate IVMSE under both parameter estimates
double[,] NMPrice = new double[NK, NT];
double[,] DEPrice = new double[NK, NT];
double[,] NMIV = new double[NK, NT];
double[,] DEIV = new double[NK, NT];
double NMIVMSE = 0.0;
double DEIVMSE = 0.0;
double S = opset.S;
double r = opset.r;
double q = opset.q;
int trap = opset.trap;
HestonPrice HP = new HestonPrice();
Bisection BA = new Bisection();
for (int t = 0; t < NT; t++)
{
for (int k = 0; k < NK; k++)
{
NMPrice[k, t] = HP.HestonPriceGaussLaguerre(NMparam, S, K[k], r, q, T[t], trap, PutCall[k, t], X, W);
NMIV[k, t] = BA.BisecBSIV(PutCall[k, t], S, K[k], r, q, T[t], a, b, NMPrice[k, t], Tol, MaxIter);
NMIVMSE += Math.Pow(MktIV[k, t] - NMIV[k, t], 2) / Convert.ToDouble(NT * NK);
DEPrice[k, t] = HP.HestonPriceGaussLaguerre(DEparam, S, K[k], r, q, T[t], trap, PutCall[k, t], X, W);
DEIV[k, t] = BA.BisecBSIV(PutCall[k, t], S, K[k], r, q, T[t], a, b, DEPrice[k, t], Tol, MaxIter);
DEIVMSE += Math.Pow(MktIV[k, t] - DEIV[k, t], 2) / Convert.ToDouble(NT * NK);
}
}
// Output the result
Console.WriteLine(" ");
Console.WriteLine("Parameter Estimates --------------------");
Console.WriteLine(" Differential Evolution Nelder Mead");
Console.WriteLine("kappa {0,10:F4} {1,25:F4}", DEparam.kappa, NMparam.kappa);
Console.WriteLine("theta {0,10:F4} {1,25:F4}", DEparam.theta, NMparam.theta);
Console.WriteLine("sigma {0,10:F4} {1,25:F4}", DEparam.sigma, NMparam.sigma);
Console.WriteLine("v0 {0,10:F4} {1,25:F4}", DEparam.v0, NMparam.v0);
Console.WriteLine("rho {0,10:F4} {1,25:F4}", DEparam.rho, NMparam.rho);
Console.WriteLine(" ");
Console.WriteLine("IV MSE ---------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine("Differential Evolution IVMSE {0:E8}", DEIVMSE);
Console.WriteLine("Nelder Mead IVMSE {0:E8}", NMIVMSE);
Console.WriteLine(" ");
}