// Creates an infinite sequence of normally-distributed voters.
public static IEnumerable <VoterFactory> Normal(int candidateCount, Random random)
{
while (true)
{
yield return(VoterFactory.Normal(candidateCount, random));
}
}
/*
* This creates electorates based on a Polya/Hoppe/Dirichlet model, with mutation.
* You start with an "urn" of `seedVoter` voters from `seedModel`,
* plus `alpha` "wildcard" voters. Then you draw a voter from the urn,
* clone and mutate them, and put the original and clone back into the urn.
* If you draw a "wildcard", use `seedModel` to make a new voter.
* https://github.com/electionscience/vse-sim/blob/1d7e48f639fd5ffcf84883dce0873aa7d6fa6794/voterModels.py#L204
*/
public static IEnumerable <VoterFactory> PolyaModel(this IEnumerable <VoterFactory> seedModel, Random random, int seedVoters = 2, int alpha = 1, double mutantFactor = .2)
{
if (seedModel == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(seedModel));
}
if (seedVoters < 1)
{
throw new ArgumentException(nameof(seedVoters), "Must be positive.");
}
if (alpha < 0)
{
throw new ArgumentException(nameof(alpha), "Must be non-negative.");
}
using (var seedEnumerator = seedModel.GetEnumerator())
{
var urn = new List <VoterFactory>();
for (int i = 0; i < seedVoters; i++)
{
yield return(GetNext());
}
while (true)
{
var i = random.Next(urn.Count + alpha);
if (i < urn.Count)
{
var mutant = urn[i].HybridWith(VoterFactory.Normal(urn[i].CandidateCount, random), mutantFactor);
urn.Add(mutant);
yield return(mutant);
}
else
{
yield return(GetNext());
}
}
VoterFactory GetNext()
{
if (!seedEnumerator.MoveNext())
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Expected an infinite enumerable.");
}
urn.Add(seedEnumerator.Current);
return(seedEnumerator.Current);
}
}
}
// https://github.com/electionscience/vse-sim/blob/1d7e48f639fd5ffcf84883dce0873aa7d6fa6794/voterModels.py#L39
// If both are standard normal to start with, the result will be standard normal too.
public VoterFactory HybridWith(VoterFactory other, double weight)
{
if (other == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(other));
}
if (other.m_utilities.Length != m_utilities.Length)
{
throw new ArgumentException(nameof(other), "May only combine voter factories with the same initial conditions.");
}
var combinedUtilities = new double[m_utilities.Length];
var denominator = Math.Sqrt(1 + weight * weight);
for (int i = 0; i < m_utilities.Length; i++)
{
combinedUtilities[i] = (m_utilities[i] + weight * other.m_utilities[i]) / denominator;
}
return(new VoterFactory(combinedUtilities));
}
// Weights an electorate based on a common "quality" factor for each candidate which spans ideology
public static IEnumerable <VoterFactory> Quality(this IEnumerable <VoterFactory> source, Random random, double weight = .5)
{
using (var sourceEnumerator = source.GetEnumerator())
{
if (!sourceEnumerator.MoveNext())
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Expected an infinite enumerable.");
}
var quality = VoterFactory.Normal(sourceEnumerator.Current.CandidateCount, random);
while (true)
{
yield return(sourceEnumerator.Current.HybridWith(quality, weight));
if (!sourceEnumerator.MoveNext())
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Expected an infinite enumerable.");
}
}
}
}