private void DoComputeWork() { // Reuse the memory associated with command recording. // We can only reset when the associated command lists have finished execution on the GPU. DirectCmdListAlloc.Reset(); // A command list can be reset after it has been added to the command queue via ExecuteCommandList. // Reusing the command list reuses memory. CommandList.Reset(DirectCmdListAlloc, _psos["vecAdd"]); CommandList.SetComputeRootSignature(_rootSignature); CommandList.SetComputeRootShaderResourceView(0, _inputBufferA.GPUVirtualAddress); CommandList.SetComputeRootShaderResourceView(1, _inputBufferB.GPUVirtualAddress); CommandList.SetComputeRootUnorderedAccessView(2, _outputBuffer.GPUVirtualAddress); CommandList.Dispatch(1, 1, 1); // Schedule to copy the data to the default buffer to the readback buffer. CommandList.ResourceBarrierTransition(_outputBuffer, ResourceStates.Common, ResourceStates.CopySource); CommandList.CopyResource(_readBackBuffer, _outputBuffer); CommandList.ResourceBarrierTransition(_outputBuffer, ResourceStates.CopySource, ResourceStates.Common); // Done recording commands. CommandList.Close(); // Add the command list to the queue for execution. CommandQueue.ExecuteCommandList(CommandList); // Wait for the work to finish. FlushCommandQueue(); // Map the data so we can read it on CPU. var mappedData = new Data[NumDataElements]; IntPtr ptr = _readBackBuffer.Map(0); Utilities.Read(ptr, mappedData, 0, NumDataElements); using (var fstream = File.OpenWrite("results.txt")) { using (var strWriter = new StreamWriter(fstream)) { foreach (Data data in mappedData) { strWriter.WriteLine($"({data.V1.X}, {data.V1.Y}, {data.V1.Z}, {data.V2.X}, {data.V2.Y})"); } } } _readBackBuffer.Unmap(0); }
protected override unsafe void Draw(Vertex2D *pVertex, int vertexCount, DXTexture texture, bool isTransparent) { // TODO: texture, isTransparent commandList.SetGraphicsRootDescriptorTable(1, graphicsHost.SRVHeap.GPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart); // Update the vertex buffer IntPtr dataBegin = vertexBuffer.Map(0); SharpDX.Utilities.CopyMemory(dataBegin, new IntPtr(pVertex), vertexCount * Vertex2D.SizeInBytes); vertexBuffer.Unmap(0); // Record the commands. commandList.SetVertexBuffer(0, vertexBufferView); // commandList.SetIndexBuffer(quadIndexBuffer.indexBufferView); // Call draw. commandList.DrawIndexedInstanced(vertexCount / 4 * 6, 1, 0, 0, 0); }
public static Resource CreateDefaultBuffer <T>( Device device, GraphicsCommandList cmdList, T[] initData, long byteSize, out Resource uploadBuffer) where T : struct { // Create the actual default buffer resource. Resource defaultBuffer = device.CreateCommittedResource( new HeapProperties(HeapType.Default), HeapFlags.None, ResourceDescription.Buffer(byteSize), ResourceStates.Common); // In order to copy CPU memory data into our default buffer, we need to create // an intermediate upload heap. uploadBuffer = device.CreateCommittedResource( new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, ResourceDescription.Buffer(byteSize), ResourceStates.GenericRead); // Copy the data to the upload buffer. IntPtr ptr = uploadBuffer.Map(0); Utilities.Write(ptr, initData, 0, initData.Length); uploadBuffer.Unmap(0); // Schedule to copy the data to the default buffer resource. cmdList.ResourceBarrierTransition(defaultBuffer, ResourceStates.Common, ResourceStates.CopyDestination); cmdList.CopyResource(defaultBuffer, uploadBuffer); cmdList.ResourceBarrierTransition(defaultBuffer, ResourceStates.CopyDestination, ResourceStates.GenericRead); // Note: uploadBuffer has to be kept alive after the above function calls because // the command list has not been executed yet that performs the actual copy. // The caller can Release the uploadBuffer after it knows the copy has been executed. return(defaultBuffer); }
/// <summary> /// Setup resources for rendering /// </summary> void LoadAssets() { // Create the main command list commandList = Collect(device.CreateCommandList(CommandListType.Direct, commandListAllocator, pipelineState)); // Create the descriptor heap for the render target view descriptorHeapRT = Collect(device.CreateDescriptorHeap(new DescriptorHeapDescription() { Type = DescriptorHeapType.RenderTargetView, DescriptorCount = 1 })); #if USE_DEPTH descriptorHeapDS = Collect(device.CreateDescriptorHeap(new DescriptorHeapDescription() { Type = DescriptorHeapType.DepthStencilView, DescriptorCount = 1 })); #endif #if USE_TEXTURE descriptorHeapCB = Collect(device.CreateDescriptorHeap(new DescriptorHeapDescription() { Type = DescriptorHeapType.ConstantBufferViewShaderResourceViewUnorderedAccessView, DescriptorCount = 2, Flags = DescriptorHeapFlags.ShaderVisible, })); descriptorHeapS = Collect(device.CreateDescriptorHeap(new DescriptorHeapDescription() { Type = DescriptorHeapType.Sampler, DescriptorCount = 1, Flags = DescriptorHeapFlags.ShaderVisible, })); descriptorsHeaps[0] = descriptorHeapCB; descriptorsHeaps[1] = descriptorHeapS; #else descriptorHeapCB = Collect(device.CreateDescriptorHeap(new DescriptorHeapDescription() { Type = DescriptorHeapType.ConstantBufferViewShaderResourceViewUnorderedAccessView, DescriptorCount = 1, Flags = DescriptorHeapFlags.ShaderVisible, })); descriptorsHeaps[0] = descriptorHeapCB; #endif #if true // root signature in code var rsparams = new RootParameter[] { new RootParameter(ShaderVisibility.Vertex, new RootDescriptor(), RootParameterType.ConstantBufferView), new RootParameter(ShaderVisibility.Vertex, new DescriptorRange { RangeType = DescriptorRangeType.ConstantBufferView, BaseShaderRegister = 1, DescriptorCount = 1, }), #if USE_TEXTURE new RootParameter(ShaderVisibility.Pixel, new DescriptorRange { RangeType = DescriptorRangeType.ShaderResourceView, BaseShaderRegister = 0, DescriptorCount = 1, }), new RootParameter(ShaderVisibility.Pixel, new DescriptorRange { RangeType = DescriptorRangeType.Sampler, BaseShaderRegister = 0, DescriptorCount = 1, }), #endif }; var rs = new RootSignatureDescription(RootSignatureFlags.AllowInputAssemblerInputLayout, rsparams); rootSignature = Collect(device.CreateRootSignature(rs.Serialize())); #else var rootSignatureByteCode = Utilities.ReadStream(assembly.GetManifestResourceStream("Shaders.Cube" + shaderNameSuffix + ".rs")); using (var bufferRootSignature = DataBuffer.Create(rootSignatureByteCode)) rootSignature = Collect(device.CreateRootSignature(bufferRootSignature)); #endif byte[] vertexShaderByteCode = GetResourceBytes("Cube" + shaderNameSuffix + ".vso"); byte[] pixelShaderByteCode = GetResourceBytes("Cube" + shaderNameSuffix + ".pso"); var layout = new InputLayoutDescription(new InputElement[] { new InputElement("POSITION", 0, Format.R32G32B32_Float, 0), new InputElement("NORMAL", 0, Format.R32G32B32_Float, 0), new InputElement("TEXCOORD", 0, Format.R32G32_Float, 0), #if USE_INSTANCES new InputElement("OFFSET", 0, Format.R32G32B32_Float, 0, 1, InputClassification.PerInstanceData, 1), #endif }); #region pipeline state var psd = new GraphicsPipelineStateDescription { InputLayout = layout, VertexShader = vertexShaderByteCode, PixelShader = pixelShaderByteCode, RootSignature = rootSignature, DepthStencilState = DepthStencilStateDescription.Default(), DepthStencilFormat = Format.Unknown, BlendState = BlendStateDescription.Default(), RasterizerState = RasterizerStateDescription.Default(), SampleDescription = new SampleDescription(1, 0), RenderTargetCount = 1, PrimitiveTopologyType = PrimitiveTopologyType.Triangle, SampleMask = -1, StreamOutput = new StreamOutputDescription() }; psd.RenderTargetFormats[0] = Format.R8G8B8A8_UNorm; #if USE_DEPTH psd.DepthStencilFormat = Format.D32_Float; #else psd.DepthStencilState.IsDepthEnabled = false; #endif //psd.RasterizerState.CullMode = CullMode.None; pipelineState = Collect(device.CreateGraphicsPipelineState(psd)); #endregion pipeline state #region vertices var vertices = new[] { -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // Front -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // BACK -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // BACK 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // Top -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // Top -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // Bottom -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // Bottom 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // Left -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // Left -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // Right 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // Right 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, }; #endregion vertices #region vertex buffer // Instantiate Vertex buiffer from vertex data int sizeOfFloat = sizeof(float); int sizeInBytes = vertices.Length * sizeOfFloat; vertexBuffer = Collect(device.CreateCommittedResource( new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, new ResourceDescription(ResourceDimension.Buffer, 0, sizeInBytes, 1, 1, 1, Format.Unknown, 1, 0, TextureLayout.RowMajor, ResourceFlags.None), ResourceStates.GenericRead)); vertexBufferView = new[] { new VertexBufferView { BufferLocation = vertexBuffer.GPUVirtualAddress, SizeInBytes = sizeInBytes, StrideInBytes = sizeOfFloat * 8, } }; var ptr = vertexBuffer.Map(0); Utilities.Write(ptr, vertices, 0, vertices.Length); vertexBuffer.Unmap(0); #endregion vertex buffer #region instances #if USE_INSTANCES int instanceSizeInBytes = sizeOfFloat * instances.Length; instancesBuffer = Collect(device.CreateCommittedResource( new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, new ResourceDescription(ResourceDimension.Buffer, 0, instanceSizeInBytes, 1, 1, 1, Format.Unknown, 1, 0, TextureLayout.RowMajor, ResourceFlags.None), ResourceStates.GenericRead)); instancesBufferView = new[] { new VertexBufferView { BufferLocation = instancesBuffer.GPUVirtualAddress, SizeInBytes = instanceSizeInBytes, StrideInBytes = sizeOfFloat * 3, } }; ptr = instancesBuffer.Map(0); Utilities.Write(ptr, instances, 0, instances.Length); instancesBuffer.Unmap(0); #endif #endregion instances #region indices #if USE_INDICES var indexData = new[] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 }; sizeInBytes = indexData.Length * sizeof(int); indexBuffer = Collect(device.CreateCommittedResource( new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, new ResourceDescription(ResourceDimension.Buffer, 0, sizeInBytes, 1, 1, 1, Format.Unknown, 1, 0, TextureLayout.RowMajor, ResourceFlags.None), ResourceStates.GenericRead)); ptr = indexBuffer.Map(0); Utilities.Write(ptr, indexData, 0, indexData.Length); indexBuffer.Unmap(0); indexBufferView = new IndexBufferView { BufferLocation = indexBuffer.GPUVirtualAddress, SizeInBytes = sizeInBytes, Format = Format.R32_UInt }; #endif #endregion indices #region transform transWorld = Collect(device.CreateCommittedResource( new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, new ResourceDescription(ResourceDimension.Buffer, 0, 16 * sizeOfMatrix, 1, 1, 1, Format.Unknown, 1, 0, TextureLayout.RowMajor, ResourceFlags.None), ResourceStates.GenericRead)); transWorldPtr = transWorld.Map(0); transViewProj = Collect(device.CreateCommittedResource( new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, new ResourceDescription(ResourceDimension.Buffer, 0, sizeOfMatrix, 1, 1, 1, Format.Unknown, 1, 0, TextureLayout.RowMajor, ResourceFlags.None), ResourceStates.GenericRead)); device.CreateConstantBufferView(new ConstantBufferViewDescription { BufferLocation = transViewProj.GPUVirtualAddress, SizeInBytes = sizeOfMatrix, }, descriptorHeapCB.CPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart); var view = Matrix.LookAtLH(new Vector3(5, 5, -5), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.UnitY); var proj = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH(MathUtil.Pi / 4, (float)width / height, 0.1f, 100); var vpT = view * proj; vpT.Transpose(); ptr = transViewProj.Map(0); Utilities.Write(ptr, ref vpT); transViewProj.Unmap(0); #endregion transform #if USE_TEXTURE #region texture Resource buf; using (var tl = new TextureLoader("GeneticaMortarlessBlocks.jpg")) { int w = tl.Width, h = tl.Height; var descrs = new[] { new ResourceDescription(ResourceDimension.Texture2D, 0, w, h, 1, 1, Format.B8G8R8A8_UNorm, 1, 0, TextureLayout.Unknown, ResourceFlags.None), }; texture = Collect(device.CreateCommittedResource( new HeapProperties(HeapType.Default), HeapFlags.None, descrs[0], ResourceStates.CopyDestination) ); var resAllocInfo = device.GetResourceAllocationInfo(1, 1, descrs); buf = device.CreateCommittedResource( new HeapProperties(HeapType.Upload), HeapFlags.None, new ResourceDescription( ResourceDimension.Buffer, 0, resAllocInfo.SizeInBytes, 1, 1, 1, Format.Unknown, 1, 0, TextureLayout.RowMajor, ResourceFlags.None), ResourceStates.GenericRead); var ptrBuf = buf.Map(0); int rowPitch = tl.CopyImageData(ptrBuf); buf.Unmap(0); var src = new TextureCopyLocation(buf, new PlacedSubResourceFootprint { Offset = 0, Footprint = new SubResourceFootprint { Format = Format.B8G8R8A8_UNorm_SRgb, Width = w, Height = h, Depth = 1, RowPitch = rowPitch } } ); var dst = new TextureCopyLocation(texture, 0); // record copy commandList.CopyTextureRegion(dst, 0, 0, 0, src, null); commandList.ResourceBarrierTransition(texture, ResourceStates.CopyDestination, ResourceStates.GenericRead); } descrOffsetCB = device.GetDescriptorHandleIncrementSize(DescriptorHeapType.ConstantBufferViewShaderResourceViewUnorderedAccessView); device.CreateShaderResourceView(texture, null, descriptorHeapCB.CPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart + descrOffsetCB); #endregion texture #region sampler device.CreateSampler(new SamplerStateDescription { AddressU = TextureAddressMode.Wrap, AddressV = TextureAddressMode.Wrap, AddressW = TextureAddressMode.Wrap, Filter = Filter.MaximumMinMagMipLinear, }, descriptorHeapS.CPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart); #endregion sampler #endif // Get the backbuffer and creates the render target view renderTarget = Collect(swapChain.GetBackBuffer <Resource>(0)); device.CreateRenderTargetView(renderTarget, null, descriptorHeapRT.CPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart); #if USE_DEPTH depthBuffer = Collect(device.CreateCommittedResource( new HeapProperties(HeapType.Default), HeapFlags.None, new ResourceDescription(ResourceDimension.Texture2D, 0, width, height, 1, 1, Format.D32_Float, 1, 0, TextureLayout.Unknown, ResourceFlags.AllowDepthStencil), ResourceStates.Present, new ClearValue { Format = Format.D32_Float, DepthStencil = new DepthStencilValue { Depth = 1, Stencil = 0, } })); device.CreateDepthStencilView(depthBuffer, null, descriptorHeapDS.CPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart); #endif // Create the viewport viewPort = new ViewportF(0, 0, width, height); // Create the scissor scissorRectangle = new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height); // Create a fence to wait for next frame fence = Collect(device.CreateFence(0, FenceFlags.None)); currentFence = 1; // Close command list commandList.Close(); commandQueue.ExecuteCommandList(commandList); // Create an event handle use for VTBL CreateWaitEvent(); // Wait the command list to complete WaitForPrevFrame(); #if USE_TEXTURE buf.Dispose(); #endif }
public override ImageCapture CaptureRenderTarget(RenderTarget surface) { IntPtr texNativePtr = RenderDeviceD3D11.GetTextureNativePointer(surface.Texture); SharpDX.Direct3D12.Resource texture = new SharpDX.Direct3D12.Resource(texNativePtr); SharpDX.Direct3D12.ResourceDescription texDesc = texture.Description; // Transition PIXEL_SHADER_RESOURCE -> COPY_SOURCE SharpDX.Direct3D12.ResourceBarrier barrier = new SharpDX.Direct3D12.ResourceBarrier(); barrier.Type = SharpDX.Direct3D12.ResourceBarrierType.Transition; barrier.Flags = SharpDX.Direct3D12.ResourceBarrierFlags.None; barrier.Transition = new SharpDX.Direct3D12.ResourceTransitionBarrier(texture, SharpDX.Direct3D12.ResourceStates.PixelShaderResource, SharpDX.Direct3D12.ResourceStates.CopySource) { Subresource = 0 }; _commands.ResourceBarrier(barrier); long totalBytes; long[] rowSize = { 0 }; _dev.GetCopyableFootprints(ref texDesc, 0, 1, 0, null, null, rowSize, out totalBytes); long pitch = (rowSize[0] + 255) & ~255; // Create staging texture SharpDX.Direct3D12.HeapProperties heap; heap.Type = SharpDX.Direct3D12.HeapType.Readback; heap.CPUPageProperty = SharpDX.Direct3D12.CpuPageProperty.Unknown; heap.MemoryPoolPreference = SharpDX.Direct3D12.MemoryPool.Unknown; heap.CreationNodeMask = 0; heap.VisibleNodeMask = 0; SharpDX.Direct3D12.ResourceDescription desc; desc.Dimension = SharpDX.Direct3D12.ResourceDimension.Buffer; desc.Alignment = 0; desc.Width = pitch * texDesc.Height * 4; desc.Height = 1; desc.DepthOrArraySize = 1; desc.MipLevels = 1; desc.Format = SharpDX.DXGI.Format.Unknown; desc.SampleDescription = new SampleDescription { Count = 1, Quality = 0 }; desc.Layout = SharpDX.Direct3D12.TextureLayout.RowMajor; desc.Flags = SharpDX.Direct3D12.ResourceFlags.None; SharpDX.Direct3D12.Resource stagingTex = _dev.CreateCommittedResource(heap, SharpDX.Direct3D12.HeapFlags.None, desc, SharpDX.Direct3D12.ResourceStates.CopyDestination, null); SharpDX.Direct3D12.TextureCopyLocation copySrc = new SharpDX.Direct3D12.TextureCopyLocation(texture, 0); SharpDX.Direct3D12.TextureCopyLocation copyDst = new SharpDX.Direct3D12.TextureCopyLocation(texture, new SharpDX.Direct3D12.PlacedSubResourceFootprint { Offset = 0, Footprint = new SharpDX.Direct3D12.SubResourceFootprint { Width = (int)texDesc.Width, Height = (int)texDesc.Height, Depth = 1, RowPitch = (int)pitch, Format = texDesc.Format } }); // Wait GPU completion _commands.CopyTextureRegion(copyDst, 0, 0, 0, copySrc, null); _commands.Close(); _queue.ExecuteCommandList(_commands); WaitForGpu(); // Ensure image capture object is created with the appropriate size if (_imageCapture == null || _imageCapture.Width != desc.Width || _imageCapture.Height != desc.Height) { _imageCapture = new ImageCapture((uint)desc.Width, (uint)desc.Height); } // Map and copy to image byte[] dst = _imageCapture.Pixels; IntPtr src = stagingTex.Map(0); for (int i = 0; i < desc.Height; ++i) { int dstRow = i * (int)_imageCapture.Stride; int srcRow = i * (int)pitch; for (int j = 0; j < desc.Width; j++) { // RGBA -> BGRA dst[dstRow + 4 * j + 2] = Noesis.Marshal.ReadByte(src, srcRow + 4 * j + 0); dst[dstRow + 4 * j + 1] = Noesis.Marshal.ReadByte(src, srcRow + 4 * j + 1); dst[dstRow + 4 * j + 0] = Noesis.Marshal.ReadByte(src, srcRow + 4 * j + 2); dst[dstRow + 4 * j + 3] = Noesis.Marshal.ReadByte(src, srcRow + 4 * j + 3); } } stagingTex.Unmap(0); return(_imageCapture); }