public IntegerPolynomial ToIntegerPolynomial()
{
IntegerPolynomial i = F1.Multiply(F2.ToIntegerPolynomial());
i.Add(F3.ToIntegerPolynomial());
return(i);
}
public IntegerPolynomial Multiply(IntegerPolynomial poly2, int modulus)
{
IntegerPolynomial c = Multiply(poly2);
c.Mod(modulus);
return(c);
}
public IntegerPolynomial Multiply(IntegerPolynomial b)
{
IntegerPolynomial c = F1.Multiply(b);
c = F2.Multiply(c);
c.Add(F3.Multiply(b));
return(c);
}
/**
* Constructs a <code>BigIntPolynomial</code> from a <code>IntegerPolynomial</code>. The two polynomials are
* independent of each other.
*
* @param p the original polynomial
*/
public BigIntPolynomial(IntegerPolynomial p)
{
coeffs = new BigInteger[p.coeffs.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < coeffs.Length; i++)
{
coeffs[i] = BigInteger.ValueOf(p.coeffs[i]);
}
}
/**
* Computes <code>this-b*c*(x^k) mod p</code> and stores the result in this polynomial.<br/>
* See steps 4a,4b in EESS algorithm 2.2.7.1.
*
* @param b
* @param c
* @param k
* @param p
*/
private void MultShiftSub(IntegerPolynomial b, int c, int k, int p)
{
int N = coeffs.Length;
for (int i = k; i < N; i++)
{
coeffs[i] = (coeffs[i] - b.coeffs[i - k] * c) % p;
}
}
/**
* Subtracts another polynomial which can have a different number of coefficients.
*
* @param b another polynomial
*/
public void Sub(IntegerPolynomial b)
{
if (b.coeffs.Length > coeffs.Length)
{
Array.Copy(coeffs, coeffs, b.coeffs.Length);
}
for (int i = 0; i < b.coeffs.Length; i++)
{
coeffs[i] -= b.coeffs[i];
}
}
/**
* Adds another polynomial which can have a different number of coefficients.
*
* @param b another polynomial
*/
public void Add(IntegerPolynomial b)
{
if (b.coeffs.Length > coeffs.Length)
{
int[] temp = new int[b.coeffs.Length];
Array.Copy(coeffs, temp, coeffs.Length);
coeffs = temp;
}
for (int i = 0; i < b.coeffs.Length; i++)
{
coeffs[i] += b.coeffs[i];
}
}
public new IntegerPolynomial Multiply(IntegerPolynomial poly2, int modulus)
{
// even on 32-bit systems, LongPolynomial5 multiplies faster than IntegerPolynomial
if (modulus == 2048)
{
IntegerPolynomial poly2Pos = (IntegerPolynomial)poly2.Clone();
poly2Pos.ModPositive(2048);
LongPolynomial5 poly5 = new LongPolynomial5(poly2Pos);
return(poly5.Multiply(this).ToIntegerPolynomial());
}
else
{
return(base.Multiply(poly2, modulus));
}
}
/**
* Constructs a <code>LongPolynomial5</code> from a <code>IntegerPolynomial</code>. The two polynomials are independent of each other.
*
* @param p the original polynomial. Coefficients must be between 0 and 2047.
*/
public LongPolynomial5(IntegerPolynomial p)
{
numCoeffs = p.coeffs.Length;
coeffs = new long[(numCoeffs + 4) / 5];
int cIdx = 0;
int shift = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < numCoeffs; i++)
{
coeffs[cIdx] |= ((long)p.coeffs[i]) << shift;
shift += 12;
if (shift >= 60)
{
shift = 0;
cIdx++;
}
}
}
public IntegerPolynomial Multiply(IntegerPolynomial poly2)
{
int[] b = poly2.coeffs;
if (b.Length != N)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Number of coefficients must be the same");
}
int[] c = new int[N];
for (int idx = 0; idx != Ones.Length; idx++)
{
int i = Ones[idx];
int j = N - 1 - i;
for (int k = N - 1; k >= 0; k--)
{
c[k] += b[j];
j--;
if (j < 0)
{
j = N - 1;
}
}
}
for (int idx = 0; idx != NegOnes.Length; idx++)
{
int i = NegOnes[idx];
int j = N - 1 - i;
for (int k = N - 1; k >= 0; k--)
{
c[k] -= b[j];
j--;
if (j < 0)
{
j = N - 1;
}
}
}
return(new IntegerPolynomial(c));
}
/**
* Computes the centered euclidean norm of the polynomial.
*
* @param q a modulus
* @return the centered norm
*/
public long CenteredNormSq(int q)
{
int N = coeffs.Length;
IntegerPolynomial p = (IntegerPolynomial)Clone();
p.ShiftGap(q);
long sum = 0;
long sqSum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i != p.coeffs.Length; i++)
{
int c = p.coeffs[i];
sum += c;
sqSum += c * c;
}
long centeredNormSq = sqSum - sum * sum / N;
return(centeredNormSq);
}
/**
* Constructs a <code>LongPolynomial2</code> from a <code>IntegerPolynomial</code>. The two polynomials are independent of each other.
*
* @param p the original polynomial. Coefficients must be between 0 and 2047.
*/
public LongPolynomial2(IntegerPolynomial p)
{
numCoeffs = p.coeffs.Length;
coeffs = new long[(numCoeffs + 1) / 2];
int idx = 0;
for (int pIdx = 0; pIdx < numCoeffs;)
{
int c0 = p.coeffs[pIdx++];
while (c0 < 0)
{
c0 += 2048;
}
long c1 = pIdx < numCoeffs ? p.coeffs[pIdx++] : 0;
while (c1 < 0)
{
c1 += 2048;
}
coeffs[idx] = c0 + (c1 << 24);
idx++;
}
}
/**
* Multiplies the polynomial with another, taking the indices mod N
*/
public IntegerPolynomial Multiply(IntegerPolynomial poly2)
{
int N = coeffs.Length;
if (poly2.coeffs.Length != N)
{
throw new InvalidDataException("Number of coefficients must be the same");
}
IntegerPolynomial c = MultiplyRecursive(poly2);
if (c.coeffs.Length > N)
{
for (int k = N; k < c.coeffs.Length; k++)
{
c.coeffs[k - N] += c.coeffs[k];
}
int[] myCoeffs = new int[N];
Array.Copy(c.coeffs, myCoeffs, N);
c.coeffs = myCoeffs;
}
return(c);
}
/**
* Computes the inverse mod q from the inverse mod 2
*
* @param Fq
* @param q
* @return The inverse of this polynomial mod q
*/
private IntegerPolynomial Mod2ToModq(IntegerPolynomial Fq, int q)
{
//if (Util.is64BitJVM() && q == 2048)
if (true && q == 2048)
{
LongPolynomial2 thisLong = new LongPolynomial2(this);
LongPolynomial2 FqLong = new LongPolynomial2(Fq);
int v = 2;
while (v < q)
{
v *= 2;
LongPolynomial2 temp = (LongPolynomial2)FqLong.Clone();
temp.mult2And(v - 1);
FqLong = thisLong.Multiply(FqLong).Multiply(FqLong);
temp.SubAnd(FqLong, v - 1);
FqLong = temp;
}
return(FqLong.ToIntegerPolynomial());
}
else
{
int v = 2;
while (v < q)
{
v *= 2;
int[] copy = new int[Fq.coeffs.Length];
Array.Copy(Fq.coeffs, copy, Fq.coeffs.Length);
IntegerPolynomial temp = new IntegerPolynomial(copy);
temp.Multiply2(v);
Fq = Multiply(Fq, v).Multiply(Fq, v);
temp.Sub(Fq, v);
Fq = temp;
}
return(Fq);
}
}
/**
* Constructs a <code>DenseTernaryPolynomial</code> from a <code>IntegerPolynomial</code>. The two polynomials are
* independent of each other.
*
* @param intPoly the original polynomial
*/
public SparseTernaryPolynomial(IntegerPolynomial intPoly) : this(intPoly.coeffs)
{
}
/**
* Karazuba multiplication
*/
private IntegerPolynomial MultiplyRecursive(IntegerPolynomial poly2)
{
int[] a = coeffs;
int[] b = poly2.coeffs;
int n = poly2.coeffs.Length;
if (n <= 32)
{
int cn = 2 * n - 1;
IntegerPolynomial c = new IntegerPolynomial(new int[cn]);
for (int k = 0; k < cn; k++)
{
for (int i = System.Math.Max(0, k - n + 1); i <= System.Math.Min(k, n - 1); i++)
{
c.coeffs[k] += b[i] * a[k - i];
}
}
return(c);
}
else
{
int n1 = n / 2;
int[] a1temp = new int[n1];
int[] a2temp = new int[n - n1];
int[] b1temp = new int[n1];
int[] b2temp = new int[n - n1];
Array.Copy(a, a1temp, n1);
Array.Copy(a, n1, a2temp, 0, n - n1);
Array.Copy(b, b1temp, n1);
Array.Copy(b, n1, b2temp, 0, n - n1);
IntegerPolynomial a1 = new IntegerPolynomial(a1temp);
IntegerPolynomial a2 = new IntegerPolynomial(a2temp);
IntegerPolynomial b1 = new IntegerPolynomial(b1temp);
IntegerPolynomial b2 = new IntegerPolynomial(b2temp);
IntegerPolynomial A = (IntegerPolynomial)a1.Clone();
A.Add(a2);
IntegerPolynomial B = (IntegerPolynomial)b1.Clone();
B.Add(b2);
IntegerPolynomial c1 = a1.MultiplyRecursive(b1);
IntegerPolynomial c2 = a2.MultiplyRecursive(b2);
IntegerPolynomial c3 = A.MultiplyRecursive(B);
c3.Sub(c1);
c3.Sub(c2);
IntegerPolynomial c = new IntegerPolynomial(2 * n - 1);
for (int i = 0; i < c1.coeffs.Length; i++)
{
c.coeffs[i] = c1.coeffs[i];
}
for (int i = 0; i < c3.coeffs.Length; i++)
{
c.coeffs[n1 + i] += c3.coeffs[i];
}
for (int i = 0; i < c2.coeffs.Length; i++)
{
c.coeffs[2 * n1 + i] += c2.coeffs[i];
}
return(c);
}
}
/**
* Computes the inverse mod <code>q; q</code> must be a power of 2.<br>
* Returns <code>null</code> if the polynomial is not invertible.
*
* @param q the modulus
* @return a new polynomial
*/
public IntegerPolynomial InvertFq(int q)
{
int N = coeffs.Length;
int k = 0;
IntegerPolynomial b = new IntegerPolynomial(N + 1);
b.coeffs[0] = 1;
IntegerPolynomial c = new IntegerPolynomial(N + 1);
IntegerPolynomial f = new IntegerPolynomial(N + 1);
Array.Copy(coeffs, f.coeffs, N);
f.ModPositive(2);
// set g(x) = x^N − 1
IntegerPolynomial g = new IntegerPolynomial(N + 1);
g.coeffs[0] = 1;
g.coeffs[N] = 1;
while (true)
{
while (f.coeffs[0] == 0)
{
for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
{
f.coeffs[i - 1] = f.coeffs[i]; // f(x) = f(x) / x
c.coeffs[N + 1 - i] = c.coeffs[N - i]; // c(x) = c(x) * x
}
f.coeffs[N] = 0;
c.coeffs[0] = 0;
k++;
if (f.EqualsZero())
{
return(null); // not invertible
}
}
if (f.EqualsOne())
{
break;
}
if (f.Degree() < g.Degree())
{
// exchange f and g
IntegerPolynomial temp = f;
f = g;
g = temp;
// exchange b and c
temp = b;
b = c;
c = temp;
}
f.Add(g, 2);
b.Add(c, 2);
}
if (b.coeffs[N] != 0)
{
return(null);
}
// Fq(x) = x^(N-k) * b(x)
IntegerPolynomial Fq = new IntegerPolynomial(N);
int j = 0;
k %= N;
for (int i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
j = i - k;
if (j < 0)
{
j += N;
}
Fq.coeffs[j] = b.coeffs[i];
}
return(Mod2ToModq(Fq, q));
}
/**
* Subtracts another polynomial which can have a different number of coefficients,
* and takes the coefficient values mod <code>modulus</code>.
*
* @param b another polynomial
*/
public void Sub(IntegerPolynomial b, int modulus)
{
Sub(b);
Mod(modulus);
}
/**
* Adds another polynomial which can have a different number of coefficients,
* and takes the coefficient values mod <code>modulus</code>.
*
* @param b another polynomial
*/
public void Add(IntegerPolynomial b, int modulus)
{
Add(b);
Mod(modulus);
}
/**
* Computes the inverse mod 3.
* Returns <code>null</code> if the polynomial is not invertible.
*
* @return a new polynomial
*/
public IntegerPolynomial InvertF3()
{
int N = coeffs.Length;
int k = 0;
IntegerPolynomial b = new IntegerPolynomial(N + 1);
b.coeffs[0] = 1;
IntegerPolynomial c = new IntegerPolynomial(N + 1);
IntegerPolynomial f = new IntegerPolynomial(N + 1);
Array.Copy(coeffs, f.coeffs, N);
f.ModPositive(3);
// set g(x) = x^N − 1
IntegerPolynomial g = new IntegerPolynomial(N + 1);
g.coeffs[0] = -1;
g.coeffs[N] = 1;
while (true)
{
while (f.coeffs[0] == 0)
{
for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
{
f.coeffs[i - 1] = f.coeffs[i]; // f(x) = f(x) / x
c.coeffs[N + 1 - i] = c.coeffs[N - i]; // c(x) = c(x) * x
}
f.coeffs[N] = 0;
c.coeffs[0] = 0;
k++;
if (f.EqualsZero())
{
return(null); // not invertible
}
}
if (f.EqualsAbsOne())
{
break;
}
if (f.Degree() < g.Degree())
{
// exchange f and g
IntegerPolynomial temp = f;
f = g;
g = temp;
// exchange b and c
temp = b;
b = c;
c = temp;
}
if (f.coeffs[0] == g.coeffs[0])
{
f.Sub(g, 3);
b.Sub(c, 3);
}
else
{
f.Add(g, 3);
b.Add(c, 3);
}
}
if (b.coeffs[N] != 0)
{
return(null);
}
// Fp(x) = [+-] x^(N-k) * b(x)
IntegerPolynomial Fp = new IntegerPolynomial(N);
int j = 0;
k %= N;
for (int i = N - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
j = i - k;
if (j < 0)
{
j += N;
}
Fp.coeffs[j] = f.coeffs[0] * b.coeffs[i];
}
Fp.EnsurePositive(3);
return(Fp);
}
/**
* Multithreaded version of {@link #resultant()}.
*
* @return <code>(rho, res)</code> satisfying <code>res = rho*this + t*(x^n-1)</code> for some integer <code>t</code>.
*/
/* Taking out Async for now, harder problem than just translating.
* public async Task<Resultant> ResultantMultiThread()
* {
* int N = coeffs.Length;
*
* // upper bound for resultant(f, g) = ||f, 2||^deg(g) * ||g, 2||^deg(f) = squaresum(f)^(N/2) * 2^(deg(f)/2) because g(x)=x^N-1
* // see http://jondalon.mathematik.uni-osnabrueck.de/staff/phpages/brunsw/CompAlg.pdf chapter 3
* BigInteger max = squareSum().pow((N + 1) / 2);
* max = max.multiply(BigInteger.ValueOf(2).pow((degree() + 1) / 2));
* BigInteger max2 = max.multiply(BigInteger.ValueOf(2));
*
* // compute resultants modulo prime numbers
* BigInteger prime = BigInteger.ValueOf(10000);
* BigInteger pProd = Constants.BIGINT_ONE;
* LinkedBlockingQueue<Task<ModularResultant>> resultantTasks = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Task<ModularResultant>>();
* Iterator<BigInteger> primes = BIGINT_PRIMES.Iterator();
* ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
* while (pProd.CompareTo(max2) < 0)
* {
* if (primes.hasNext())
* {
* prime = primes.next();
* }
* else
* {
* prime = prime.NextProbablePrime();
* }
* Task<ModularResultant> task = executor.submit(new ModResultantTask(prime.IntValue));
* resultantTasks.add(task);
* pProd = pProd.Multiply(prime);
* }
*
* // Combine modular resultants to obtain the resultant.
* // For efficiency, first combine all pairs of small resultants to bigger resultants,
* // then combine pairs of those, etc. until only one is left.
* ModularResultant overallResultant = null;
* while (!resultantTasks.isEmpty())
* {
* try
* {
* Task<ModularResultant> modRes1 = resultantTasks.take();
* Task<ModularResultant> modRes2 = resultantTasks.poll();
* if (modRes2 == null)
* {
* // modRes1 is the only one left
* overallResultant = await modRes1; //modRes1..get();
* break;
* }
* Task<ModularResultant> newTask = executor.submit(new CombineTask(modRes1.get(), modRes2.get()));
* resultantTasks.add(newTask);
* }
* catch (Exception e)
* {
* throw new InvalidOperationException(e.ToString());
* }
* }
* executor.shutdown();
* BigInteger res = overallResultant.res;
* BigIntPolynomial rhoP = overallResultant.rho;
*
* BigInteger pProd2 = pProd.divide(BigInteger.ValueOf(2));
* BigInteger pProd2n = pProd2.negate();
*
* if (res.compareTo(pProd2) > 0)
* {
* res = res.subtract(pProd);
* }
* if (res.compareTo(pProd2n) < 0)
* {
* res = res.add(pProd);
* }
*
* for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
* {
* BigInteger c = rhoP.coeffs[i];
* if (c.compareTo(pProd2) > 0)
* {
* rhoP.coeffs[i] = c.subtract(pProd);
* }
* if (c.compareTo(pProd2n) < 0)
* {
* rhoP.coeffs[i] = c.add(pProd);
* }
* }
*
* return new Resultant(rhoP, res);
* }
*/
/**
* Resultant of this polynomial with <code>x^n-1 mod p</code>.
*
* @return <code>(rho, res)</code> satisfying <code>res = rho*this + t*(x^n-1) mod p</code> for some integer <code>t</code>.
*/
public ModularResultant Resultant(int p)
{
// Add a coefficient as the following operations involve polynomials of degree deg(f)+1
int[] fcoeffs = new int[coeffs.Length + 1];
Array.Copy(coeffs, fcoeffs, coeffs.Length);
IntegerPolynomial f = new IntegerPolynomial(fcoeffs);
int N = fcoeffs.Length;
IntegerPolynomial a = new IntegerPolynomial(N);
a.coeffs[0] = -1;
a.coeffs[N - 1] = 1;
IntegerPolynomial b = new IntegerPolynomial(f.coeffs);
IntegerPolynomial v1 = new IntegerPolynomial(N);
IntegerPolynomial v2 = new IntegerPolynomial(N);
v2.coeffs[0] = 1;
int da = N - 1;
int db = b.Degree();
int ta = da;
int c = 0;
int r = 1;
while (db > 0)
{
c = Util.Util.Invert(b.coeffs[db], p);
c = (c * a.coeffs[da]) % p;
a.MultShiftSub(b, c, da - db, p);
v1.MultShiftSub(v2, c, da - db, p);
da = a.Degree();
if (da < db)
{
r *= Util.Util.Pow(b.coeffs[db], ta - da, p);
r %= p;
if (ta % 2 == 1 && db % 2 == 1)
{
r = (-r) % p;
}
IntegerPolynomial temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
int tempdeg = da;
da = db;
temp = v1;
v1 = v2;
v2 = temp;
ta = db;
db = tempdeg;
}
}
r *= Util.Util.Pow(b.coeffs[0], da, p);
r %= p;
c = Util.Util.Invert(b.coeffs[0], p);
v2.Multiply(c);
v2.Mod(p);
v2.Multiply(r);
v2.Mod(p);
// drop the highest coefficient so #coeffs matches the original input
int[] newCoeffs = new int[v2.coeffs.Length - 1];
Array.Copy(v2.coeffs, newCoeffs, v2.coeffs.Length - 1);
v2.coeffs = newCoeffs;
return(new ModularResultant(new BigIntPolynomial(v2), BigInteger.ValueOf(r), BigInteger.ValueOf(p)));
}