// Static method that creates concrete object but declares return base type
// Factory method pattern
public static D2Shape ScaleD2Shape(D2Shape d2Shape, double ratio)
{
D2Shape scaledShape = d2Shape.Clone();
scaledShape.Scale(ratio);
return(scaledShape);
}
// calling another constructor from the same class by `this`
protected D3Shape(D2Shape baseShape, int height) : this()
{
_baseShape = baseShape;
_height = height;
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
PrintLine();
Circle c1 = new Circle(5);
//Constructor D2Shape (1) called
//Constructor Circle (1) called
Console.WriteLine(c1.PrintD2Shape()); // Circle(r=10)
Console.WriteLine("\nProtected type or member can be accessed only by code in the same class, or in a class that is derived from that class");
//Console.WriteLine(c1._objectNumber); // Compilation error -> 'D2Shape._objectNumber' is inaccessible due to its protection level
//2. Polymorphism
// method require abstract of virtual keyword to be overriden
D2Shape d2 = new Circle(5);
// This works because we used override keyword. Method is called on object instance type
Console.WriteLine(d2.PrintD2Shape()); // Circle(r=10) not Shape(D2Shape)
PrintLine();
// TODO: Uncomment code below and implement Rectangle which inherit from D2Shape to satisfy output
//Rectangle r3 = new Rectangle(5, 10);
//// Expected output:
//// Constructor D2Shape (3) called
//// Constructor Rectangle (1) called
//Console.WriteLine("Result should be the same:");
//Console.WriteLine(r3.PrintD2Shape()); //Rectangle(a=5,b=10)
//Console.WriteLine(r3.CalculateArea()); // 50
//D2Shape d3 = r3;
//Console.WriteLine(d3.PrintD2Shape()); //Rectangle(a=5,b=10)
PrintLine();
// Hide method
Circle c4 = new Circle(10);
Cylinder cylinder4 = new Cylinder(c4, 10);
Cone cone4 = new Cone(c4, 10);
Console.WriteLine(cylinder4.PrintD3Shape()); // Cylinder with height= 10 and base: Circle(r=10)
Console.WriteLine(cone4.PrintD3Shape()); // Cone with height= 10 and base: Circle(r=10)
c4.Radius = 15;
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(cylinder4.PrintD3Shape()); // Cylinder with height= 10 and base: Circle(r=10)
Console.WriteLine(cone4.PrintD3Shape()); // Cone with height= 10 and base: Circle(r=10)
PrintLine();
D3Shape d4Cylinder = cylinder4;
D3Shape d4Cone = cone4;
Console.WriteLine(d4Cylinder.PrintD3Shape()); // Cylinder with height= 10 and base: Circle(r=10)
// Why below code return result from D2Shape base class?
Console.WriteLine(d4Cone.PrintD3Shape()); // Circle(r=10) with height 10
PrintLine();
Console.WriteLine("\nStatic member is callable on a class");
Console.WriteLine("Only one copy of a static member exists");
Console.WriteLine($"Value from static field: {D2Shape.NumberOfCreatedObjects}");
Console.WriteLine("\nStatic methods and properties cannot access non-static fields and events in their containing type");
// static method
Circle c5 = new Circle(5);
D2Shape scaledC5 = D2Shape.ScaleD2Shape(c5, 2);
Console.WriteLine(scaledC5.PrintD2Shape());
// static field with new keyword
Cone cone1 = new Cone(c5, 5);
D3Shape cylinder1 = new Cylinder(c5, 5);
// In derived classes we can hide `new` also static fields
Console.WriteLine($"Number of created D3Shapes object={D3Shape.NumberOfCreatedObjects}");
Console.WriteLine($"Number of created Cylinders object={Cylinder.NumberOfCreatedObjects}");
PrintLine();
// Finalizers
Finalizers();
// Force to call GC to show Finalizers
// GC.Collect();
// GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
// Recommendation to use IDisposable pattern
PrintLine();
// TODO: Uncomment below lines
// Go to D3Shapes file and add Cuboid inheriting from D2Shape
Rectangle r6 = new Rectangle(5, 10);
Cuboid cuboid6 = new Cuboid(r6, 10);
Console.WriteLine(cuboid6.PrintD3Shape()); // Cuboid(5, 10, 10)
Console.WriteLine(cuboid6.CalculateCapacity()); // 500
Console.WriteLine(cuboid6.CalculateArea()); // 400
D3Shape d6 = cuboid6; //
Console.WriteLine(d6.PrintD3Shape()); // Rectangle(a=5,b=10) with height 10
r6.Scale(2);
Console.WriteLine(cuboid6.PrintD3Shape()); // Cuboid(10, 20, 10)
Console.WriteLine(cuboid6.CalculateArea()); // 1000
Console.WriteLine("End of Main method");
PrintLine();
}