public async Task <IActionResult> Edit(int id, [Bind("ID,State")] UnitedStates unitedStates)
{
if (id != unitedStates.ID)
{
return(NotFound());
}
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
try
{
_context.Update(unitedStates);
await _context.SaveChangesAsync();
}
catch (DbUpdateConcurrencyException)
{
if (!UnitedStatesExists(unitedStates.ID))
{
return(NotFound());
}
else
{
throw;
}
}
return(RedirectToAction(nameof(Index)));
}
return(View(unitedStates));
}
/**
* The value of the annuity (or RPV01 - the premium leg per unit of coupon) at a specified valuation time.
* The actual value of the leg is this multiplied by the notional and the fractional coupon (i.e. coupon
* in basis points divided by 10,000).
* <p>
* If this is a spot starting CDS (effective protection start = 0) then cash flows from premium payments
* and accrual-on-default are risky discounted to t=0 ('today'), then rolled forward (risk-free) to the
* valuation time; if the annuity is requested clean, the accrued premium (paid at the cash-settle time) is
* rolled (again risk-free) to the valuation time; the absolute value of this amount is subtracted from the
* other cash flows to give the clean annuity.
* <p>
* If this is a forward starting CDS (effective protection start > 0), then the premium payments are again
* risky discounted to t=0; if the annuity is requested clean, the accrued premium is risk-free discounted
* to the effective protection start, then risky discounted to t=0 - this gives the t=0 value of the annuity
* including the chance that a default occurs before protection starts.
* <p>
* If valuationTime > 0, the value of the annuity is rolled forward (risk-free) to that time.
* To compute the Expected value of the annuity conditional on no default before the valuationTime,
* one must divide this number by the survival probability to the valuationTime (for unit coupon).
*
* @param cds the analytic description of a CDS traded at a certain time
* @param yieldCurve the yield (or discount) curve
* @param creditCurve the credit (or survival) curve
* @param cleanOrDirty the clean or dirty price
* @param valuationTime the valuation time
* @return 10,000 times the RPV01 (on a notional of 1)
*/
public double Annuity(CDS cds, PiecewiseconstantHazardRate hazard,
YieldTermStructure yt, CdsPriceType cleanOrDirt)
{
List <CashFlow> cf = cds.FixLeg;
DateTime tradedate = cds.tradedate;
DateTime settlementDate = tradedate.AddDays(cds.Cashsettlement);
double recoveryrate = cds.Recovery;
DateTime Stepindate = tradedate.AddDays(1);
OMLib.Conventions.DayCount.Actual360 dc = new OMLib.Conventions.DayCount.Actual360();
double notional = cds.Notional;
double coupon = cds.PremiumRate;
DateTime lastpayment = cds.formerpaymentdate;
if (cf.Count() == 0)
{
return(0.0);
}
double ita = (double)365 / 360;
double totalNPV = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i < cf.Count; ++i)
{
totalNPV += cf[i].Amount * cf[i].DiscountFactor * cf[i].Survivalprobability;
}
double accrualpaidondefault = calculateSinglePeriodAccrualOnDefault(cds, yt, hazard);
totalNPV += ita * coupon * accrualpaidondefault * notional / yt.discount(tradedate.AddDays(3));
Calendar calendar = new UnitedStates();
return(totalNPV / yt.discount(settlementDate));
}
public async Task <IActionResult> Create([Bind("ID,State")] UnitedStates unitedStates)
{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
_context.Add(unitedStates);
await _context.SaveChangesAsync();
return(RedirectToAction(nameof(Index)));
}
return(View(unitedStates));
}
public CDS(double Coupon, double notional, DateTime maturity, DateTime firstpaymentday, DateTime tradedate,
DateTime formerpaymentday, string frequency, double recovery, int settlement, int Cashsettlement)
{
// Product Setup
OMLib.Conventions.DayCount.Actual360 AccuralDCC = new OMLib.Conventions.DayCount.Actual360();
OMLib.Conventions.DayCount.Actual365 curveDCC = new OMLib.Conventions.DayCount.Actual365();
Calendar calendar = new UnitedStates();
formerpaymentday = calendar.adjust(formerpaymentday, BusinessDayConvention.Following);
int accrued = AccuralDCC.DayCount(formerpaymentday, calendar.adjust(tradedate, BusinessDayConvention.Following)) + 1;
this.accruedday = accrued;
this.marketvalue = new double();
this.accruedamt = notional * Coupon * accrued / 360;
this.Notional = notional;
this._payAccOnDefault = true;
OMLib.Conventions.BusinessDayConvention convention = new OMLib.Conventions.BusinessDayConvention(Enums.BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing, tradedate);
this.tradedate = calendar.adjust(tradedate, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing); /*convention.AdjustedDate;*/
this.Recovery = recovery;
convention = new OMLib.Conventions.BusinessDayConvention(Enums.BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing, firstpaymentday);
this.firstpaymentdate = CdsAnalyticFactory.getNextIMMDate(tradedate); /*convention.AdjustedDate;*/
convention = new OMLib.Conventions.BusinessDayConvention(Enums.BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing, formerpaymentday);
this.formerpaymentdate = CdsAnalyticFactory.getPrevIMMDate(tradedate);//calendar.adjust(formerpaymentday,BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing); /*convention.AdjustedDate;*/
this.Maturity = maturity;
this.PremiumRate = Coupon;
this.Frequency = frequency;
this.Cashsettlement = Cashsettlement;
DateTime valueDate = calendar.adjust(tradedate.AddDays(Cashsettlement));
convention = new OMLib.Conventions.BusinessDayConvention(Enums.BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing, tradedate.AddDays(3));
this.evalDate = calendar.adjust(tradedate.AddDays(settlement), BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing); /*convention.AdjustedDate;*/
this.Payment_Schedule = PremiumDates(this.Maturity, CdsAnalyticFactory.getNextIMMDate(tradedate), this.Frequency);
QLNet.Calendar.OrthodoxImpl cal = new Calendar.OrthodoxImpl();
IsdaPremiumLegSchedule paymentSchedule = new IsdaPremiumLegSchedule(formerpaymentdate, maturity, payment_interval, StubConvention.SHORT_INITIAL, QLNet.BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing, cal, true);
_coupons = CdsCoupon.makeCoupons(tradedate, paymentSchedule, true, ACT_360, ACT_365);
OMLib.Conventions.DayCount.Actual365 CurveDCC = new OMLib.Conventions.DayCount.Actual365();
DateTime effectiveStartDate = tradedate;
_accStart = DateTime.Compare(formerpaymentdate, tradedate) < 0 ?-CurveDCC.YearFraction(formerpaymentdate, tradedate) :
CurveDCC.YearFraction(tradedate, formerpaymentdate);
_cashSettlementTime = CurveDCC.YearFraction(tradedate, valueDate);
_effectiveProtectionStart = DateTime.Compare(effectiveStartDate, tradedate) < 0 ?
-CurveDCC.YearFraction(effectiveStartDate, tradedate) :
CurveDCC.YearFraction(tradedate, effectiveStartDate);
_protectionEnd = CurveDCC.YearFraction(tradedate, maturity);
DateTime accStart = paymentSchedule.getAccStartDate(0);
}
private IEnumerable <TradingDay> PopulateTradingDays(DateTime start, DateTime end)
{
var symbols = _securityManager.Keys;
var holidays = new HashSet <DateTime>();
foreach (var symbol in symbols)
{
var entry = _marketHoursDatabase.GetEntry(symbol.ID.Market, symbol, symbol.ID.SecurityType);
foreach (var holiday in entry.ExchangeHours.Holidays)
{
holidays.Add(holiday.Date);
}
}
var qlCalendar = new UnitedStates();
var options = symbols.Where(x => x.ID.SecurityType.IsOption()).ToList();
var futures = symbols.Where(x => x.ID.SecurityType == SecurityType.Future).ToList();
var totalDays = (int)(end.Date.AddDays(1.0) - start.Date).TotalDays;
if (totalDays < 0)
{
throw new ArgumentException(
$"TradingCalendar.PopulateTradingDays(): Total days is negative ({totalDays}), indicating reverse start and end times." +
$" Check your usage of TradingCalendar to ensure proper arrangement of variables");
}
foreach (var dayIdx in Enumerable.Range(0, totalDays))
{
var currentDate = start.Date.AddDays(dayIdx);
var publicHoliday = holidays.Contains(currentDate) || !qlCalendar.isBusinessDay(currentDate);
var weekend = currentDate.DayOfWeek == DayOfWeek.Sunday ||
currentDate.DayOfWeek == DayOfWeek.Saturday;
var businessDay = !publicHoliday && !weekend;
yield return
(new TradingDay
{
Date = currentDate,
PublicHoliday = publicHoliday,
Weekend = weekend,
BusinessDay = businessDay,
OptionExpirations = options.Where(x => x.ID.Date.Date == currentDate),
FutureExpirations = futures.Where(x => x.ID.Date.Date == currentDate)
});
}
}
public double ComputeTax(IEnumerable <ShoppingCartQuantityProduct> productQuantities, double subtotal,
double shippingCost, string country, string zipCode)
{
var tax = (subtotal + shippingCost) * Rate;
var state = UnitedStates.State(zipCode);
var sameState = String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(State) ||
State == "*" ||
State != null && State.Equals(state ?? "", StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase);
var sameCountry = !String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Country) &&
(Country == "*" || Country.Equals(country, StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase));
if (sameState && sameCountry)
{
return(tax);
}
return(0);
}
public List <DateTime> PremiumDates(DateTime maturity, DateTime firstpaymentdate, string freqency)
{
List <DateTime> date = new List <DateTime>();
DateTime t = firstpaymentdate;
Calendar calendar = new UnitedStates();
date.Add(t);
int i = 1;
do
{
switch (freqency)
{
case "Monthly":
t = firstpaymentdate.AddMonths(i);
payment_interval = 1;
break;
case "Quarterly":
t = firstpaymentdate.AddMonths(i * 3);
payment_interval = 3;
break;
case "Semiyear":
t = firstpaymentdate.AddMonths(i * 6);
payment_interval = 6;
break;
case "Yearly":
t = firstpaymentdate.AddMonths(i * 12);
payment_interval = 12;
break;
default:
break;
}
OMLib.Conventions.BusinessDayConvention convention = new OMLib.Conventions.BusinessDayConvention(Enums.BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing, t);
t = calendar.adjust(t, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing);
date.Add(t /*convention.AdjustedDate;*/);
i++;
} while (DateTime.Compare(date[i - 1], maturity) < 0);
return(date);
}
private IEnumerable <TradingDay> PopulateTradingDays(DateTime start, DateTime end)
{
var symbols = _securityManager.Keys;
var holidays = new HashSet <DateTime>();
foreach (var symbol in symbols)
{
var entry = _marketHoursDatabase.GetEntry(symbol.ID.Market, symbol, symbol.ID.SecurityType);
foreach (var holiday in entry.ExchangeHours.Holidays)
{
holidays.Add(holiday.Date);
}
}
var qlCalendar = new UnitedStates();
var options = symbols.Where(x => x.ID.SecurityType == SecurityType.Option || x.ID.SecurityType == SecurityType.FutureOption).ToList();
var futures = symbols.Where(x => x.ID.SecurityType == SecurityType.Future).ToList();
foreach (var dayIdx in Enumerable.Range(0, (int)(end.Date.AddDays(1.0) - start.Date).TotalDays))
{
var currentDate = start.Date.AddDays(dayIdx);
var publicHoliday = holidays.Contains(currentDate) || !qlCalendar.isBusinessDay(currentDate);
var weekend = currentDate.DayOfWeek == DayOfWeek.Sunday ||
currentDate.DayOfWeek == DayOfWeek.Saturday;
var businessDay = !publicHoliday && !weekend;
yield return
(new TradingDay
{
Date = currentDate,
PublicHoliday = publicHoliday,
Weekend = weekend,
BusinessDay = businessDay,
OptionExpirations = options.Where(x => x.ID.Date.Date == currentDate),
FutureExpirations = futures.Where(x => x.ID.Date.Date == currentDate)
});
}
}
public double PremiumLegNPV_Exact(CDS cds, PiecewiseconstantHazardRate hazard,
YieldTermStructure yt, DateTime tradedate, DateTime settlementDate, double notional, double coupon, List <double> Jumps, DateTime lastpayment)
{
double ita = (double)365 / 360;
double totalNPV = 0.0;
CdsCoupon[] cf = cds.getCoupons();
for (int i = 0; i < cf.Length; ++i)
{
totalNPV += cf[i].getYearFrac() * notional * Math.Exp(-hazard.getRT_(cf[i].getEffEnd()))
* Math.Exp(-yt.getRT_(cf[i].getEffEnd()));
}
double accrualpaidondefault = calculateSinglePeriodAccrualOnDefault(cf, coupon, tradedate, yt, hazard, lastpayment);
totalNPV += ita * coupon * accrualpaidondefault * notional / yt.discount(tradedate.AddDays(3));
OMLib.Conventions.DayCount.Actual360 dc = new OMLib.Conventions.DayCount.Actual360();
Calendar calendar = new UnitedStates();
return(totalNPV / Math.Exp(-yt.getRT_(cds.getCashSettleTime())));
}
public void testActualActualWithAnnualSchedule()
{
// Testing actual/actual with schedule "for undefined annual reference periods
// Now do an annual schedule
Calendar calendar = new UnitedStates();
Schedule schedule = new MakeSchedule()
.from(new Date(10, Month.January, 2017))
.withFirstDate(new Date(31, Month.August, 2017))
.to(new Date(28, Month.February, 2026))
.withFrequency(Frequency.Annual)
.withCalendar(calendar)
.withConvention(BusinessDayConvention.Unadjusted)
.backwards().endOfMonth(false).value();
Date referencePeriodStart = schedule.date(1);
Date referencePeriodEnd = schedule.date(2);
Date testDate = schedule.date(1);
DayCounter dayCounter = new ActualActual(ActualActual.Convention.ISMA, schedule);
while (testDate < referencePeriodEnd)
{
double difference =
ISMAYearFractionWithReferenceDates(dayCounter,
testDate, referencePeriodEnd,
referencePeriodStart, referencePeriodEnd) -
dayCounter.yearFraction(testDate, referencePeriodEnd);
if (Math.Abs(difference) > 1.0e-10)
{
QAssert.Fail("Failed to correctly use the schedule " +
"to find the reference period for Act/Act:\n"
+ testDate + " to " + referencePeriodEnd
+ "\n Ref: " + referencePeriodStart
+ " to " + referencePeriodEnd);
}
testDate = calendar.advance(testDate, 1, TimeUnit.Days);
}
}
public List <DateTime> PremiumDates(DateTime maturity, DateTime firstpaymentdate, string freqency)
{
List <DateTime> date = new List <DateTime>();
DateTime t = firstpaymentdate;
Calendar calendar = new UnitedStates();
date.Add(t);
int i = 1;
do
{
switch (freqency)
{
case "Monthly":
t = firstpaymentdate.AddMonths(i);
break;
case "Quarterly":
t = firstpaymentdate.AddMonths(i * 3);
break;
case "Semiyear":
t = firstpaymentdate.AddMonths(i * 6);
break;
case "Yearly":
t = firstpaymentdate.AddMonths(i * 12);
break;
default:
break;
}
date.Add(t /*convention.AdjustedDate;*/);
i++;
} while (DateTime.Compare(date[i - 1], maturity) < 0);
return(date);
}
public double PremiumLegNPV_Exact(List <CashFlow> cf, PiecewiseconstantHazardRate hazard,
YieldTermStructure yt, DateTime tradedate, DateTime settlementDate, double notional, double coupon, List <DateTime> Jumps, DateTime lastpayment)
{
if (cf.Count() == 0)
{
return(0.0);
}
double ita = (double)365 / 360;
double totalNPV = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i < cf.Count; ++i)
{
totalNPV += cf[i].Amount * cf[i].DiscountFactor * cf[i].Survivalprobability;
}
double accrualpaidondefault = calculateSinglePeriodAccrualOnDefault(cf, coupon, tradedate, yt, hazard, Jumps, lastpayment);
totalNPV += ita * coupon * accrualpaidondefault * notional / yt.discount(tradedate.AddDays(3));
OMLib.Conventions.DayCount.Actual360 dc = new OMLib.Conventions.DayCount.Actual360();
Calendar calendar = new UnitedStates();
return(totalNPV / yt.discount(settlementDate));
}
public UnitedStates(UnitedStates.Market m) : this(NQuantLibcPINVOKE.new_UnitedStates__SWIG_0((int)m), true) {
if (NQuantLibcPINVOKE.SWIGPendingException.Pending) throw NQuantLibcPINVOKE.SWIGPendingException.Retrieve();
}
internal static global::System.Runtime.InteropServices.HandleRef getCPtr(UnitedStates obj) {
return (obj == null) ? new global::System.Runtime.InteropServices.HandleRef(null, global::System.IntPtr.Zero) : obj.swigCPtr;
}
public void testCachedMarketValue()
{
// Testing credit-default swap against cached market values...
using (SavedSettings backup = new SavedSettings())
{
Settings.setEvaluationDate(new Date(9, Month.June, 2006));
Date evalDate = Settings.evaluationDate();
Calendar calendar = new UnitedStates();
List <Date> discountDates = new List <Date>();
discountDates.Add(evalDate);
discountDates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 1, TimeUnit.Weeks, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
discountDates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 1, TimeUnit.Months, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
discountDates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 2, TimeUnit.Months, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
discountDates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 3, TimeUnit.Months, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
discountDates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 6, TimeUnit.Months, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
discountDates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 12, TimeUnit.Months, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
discountDates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 2, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
discountDates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 3, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
discountDates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 4, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
discountDates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 5, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
discountDates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 6, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
discountDates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 7, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
discountDates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 8, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
discountDates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 9, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
discountDates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 10, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
discountDates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 15, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
List <double> dfs = new List <double>();
dfs.Add(1.0);
dfs.Add(0.9990151375768731);
dfs.Add(0.99570502636871183);
dfs.Add(0.99118260474528685);
dfs.Add(0.98661167950906203);
dfs.Add(0.9732592953359388);
dfs.Add(0.94724424481038083);
dfs.Add(0.89844996737120875);
dfs.Add(0.85216647839921411);
dfs.Add(0.80775477692556874);
dfs.Add(0.76517289234200347);
dfs.Add(0.72401019553182933);
dfs.Add(0.68503909569219212);
dfs.Add(0.64797499814013748);
dfs.Add(0.61263171936255534);
dfs.Add(0.5791942350748791);
dfs.Add(0.43518868769953606);
DayCounter curveDayCounter = new Actual360();
RelinkableHandle <YieldTermStructure> discountCurve = new RelinkableHandle <YieldTermStructure>();
discountCurve.linkTo(new InterpolatedDiscountCurve <LogLinear>(discountDates, dfs, curveDayCounter, null, null, null, new LogLinear()));
DayCounter dayCounter = new Thirty360();
List <Date> dates = new List <Date>();
dates.Add(evalDate);
dates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 6, TimeUnit.Months, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
dates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 1, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
dates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 2, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
dates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 3, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
dates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 4, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
dates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 5, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
dates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 7, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
dates.Add(calendar.advance(evalDate, 10, TimeUnit.Years, BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing));
List <double> defaultProbabilities = new List <double>();
defaultProbabilities.Add(0.0000);
defaultProbabilities.Add(0.0047);
defaultProbabilities.Add(0.0093);
defaultProbabilities.Add(0.0286);
defaultProbabilities.Add(0.0619);
defaultProbabilities.Add(0.0953);
defaultProbabilities.Add(0.1508);
defaultProbabilities.Add(0.2288);
defaultProbabilities.Add(0.3666);
List <double> hazardRates = new List <double>();
hazardRates.Add(0.0);
for (int i = 1; i < dates.Count; ++i)
{
double t1 = dayCounter.yearFraction(dates[0], dates[i - 1]);
double t2 = dayCounter.yearFraction(dates[0], dates[i]);
double S1 = 1.0 - defaultProbabilities[i - 1];
double S2 = 1.0 - defaultProbabilities[i];
hazardRates.Add(Math.Log(S1 / S2) / (t2 - t1));
}
RelinkableHandle <DefaultProbabilityTermStructure> piecewiseFlatHazardRate = new RelinkableHandle <DefaultProbabilityTermStructure>();
piecewiseFlatHazardRate.linkTo(new InterpolatedHazardRateCurve <BackwardFlat>(dates, hazardRates, new Thirty360()));
// Testing credit default swap
// Build the schedule
Date issueDate = new Date(20, Month.March, 2006);
Date maturity = new Date(20, Month.June, 2013);
Frequency cdsFrequency = Frequency.Semiannual;
BusinessDayConvention cdsConvention = BusinessDayConvention.ModifiedFollowing;
Schedule schedule = new Schedule(issueDate, maturity, new Period(cdsFrequency), calendar,
cdsConvention, cdsConvention,
DateGeneration.Rule.Forward, false);
// Build the CDS
double recoveryRate = 0.25;
double fixedRate = 0.0224;
DayCounter dayCount = new Actual360();
double cdsNotional = 100.0;
CreditDefaultSwap cds = new CreditDefaultSwap(Protection.Side.Seller, cdsNotional, fixedRate,
schedule, cdsConvention, dayCount, true, true);
cds.setPricingEngine(new MidPointCdsEngine(piecewiseFlatHazardRate, recoveryRate, discountCurve));
double calculatedNpv = cds.NPV();
double calculatedFairRate = cds.fairSpread();
double npv = -1.364048777; // from Bloomberg we have 98.15598868 - 100.00;
double fairRate = 0.0248429452; // from Bloomberg we have 0.0258378;
double tolerance = 1e-9;
if (Math.Abs(npv - calculatedNpv) > tolerance)
{
Assert.Fail(
"Failed to reproduce the npv for the given credit-default swap\n"
+ " computed NPV: " + calculatedNpv + "\n"
+ " Given NPV: " + npv);
}
if (Math.Abs(fairRate - calculatedFairRate) > tolerance)
{
Assert.Fail("Failed to reproduce the fair rate for the given credit-default swap\n"
+ " computed fair rate: " + calculatedFairRate + "\n"
+ " Given fair rate: " + fairRate);
}
}
}
internal static global::System.Runtime.InteropServices.HandleRef getCPtr(UnitedStates obj)
{
return((obj == null) ? new global::System.Runtime.InteropServices.HandleRef(null, global::System.IntPtr.Zero) : obj.swigCPtr);
}
public void testRegression()
{
// Testing fixed-coupon convertible bond in known regression case
Date today = new Date(23, Month.December, 2008);
Date tomorrow = today + 1;
Settings.Instance.setEvaluationDate(tomorrow);
Handle <Quote> u = new Handle <Quote>(new SimpleQuote(2.9084382818797443));
List <Date> dates = new InitializedList <Date>(25);
List <double> forwards = new InitializedList <double>(25);
dates[0] = new Date(29, Month.December, 2008); forwards[0] = 0.0025999342800;
dates[1] = new Date(5, Month.January, 2009); forwards[1] = 0.0025999342800;
dates[2] = new Date(29, Month.January, 2009); forwards[2] = 0.0053123275500;
dates[3] = new Date(27, Month.February, 2009); forwards[3] = 0.0197049598721;
dates[4] = new Date(30, Month.March, 2009); forwards[4] = 0.0220524845296;
dates[5] = new Date(29, Month.June, 2009); forwards[5] = 0.0217076395643;
dates[6] = new Date(29, Month.December, 2009); forwards[6] = 0.0230349627478;
dates[7] = new Date(29, Month.December, 2010); forwards[7] = 0.0087631647476;
dates[8] = new Date(29, Month.December, 2011); forwards[8] = 0.0219084299499;
dates[9] = new Date(31, Month.December, 2012); forwards[9] = 0.0244798766219;
dates[10] = new Date(30, Month.December, 2013); forwards[10] = 0.0267885498456;
dates[11] = new Date(29, Month.December, 2014); forwards[11] = 0.0266922867562;
dates[12] = new Date(29, Month.December, 2015); forwards[12] = 0.0271052126386;
dates[13] = new Date(29, Month.December, 2016); forwards[13] = 0.0268829891648;
dates[14] = new Date(29, Month.December, 2017); forwards[14] = 0.0264594744498;
dates[15] = new Date(31, Month.December, 2018); forwards[15] = 0.0273450367424;
dates[16] = new Date(30, Month.December, 2019); forwards[16] = 0.0294852614749;
dates[17] = new Date(29, Month.December, 2020); forwards[17] = 0.0285556119719;
dates[18] = new Date(29, Month.December, 2021); forwards[18] = 0.0305557764659;
dates[19] = new Date(29, Month.December, 2022); forwards[19] = 0.0292244738422;
dates[20] = new Date(29, Month.December, 2023); forwards[20] = 0.0263917004194;
dates[21] = new Date(29, Month.December, 2028); forwards[21] = 0.0239626970243;
dates[22] = new Date(29, Month.December, 2033); forwards[22] = 0.0216417108090;
dates[23] = new Date(29, Month.December, 2038); forwards[23] = 0.0228343838422;
dates[24] = new Date(31, Month.December, 2199); forwards[24] = 0.0228343838422;
Handle <YieldTermStructure> r = new Handle <YieldTermStructure>(new InterpolatedForwardCurve <BackwardFlat>(dates, forwards, new Actual360()));
Handle <BlackVolTermStructure> sigma = new Handle <BlackVolTermStructure>(new BlackConstantVol(tomorrow, new NullCalendar(), 21.685235548092248,
new Thirty360(Thirty360.Thirty360Convention.BondBasis)));
BlackProcess process = new BlackProcess(u, r, sigma);
Handle <Quote> spread = new Handle <Quote>(new SimpleQuote(0.11498700678012874));
Date issueDate = new Date(23, Month.July, 2008);
Date maturityDate = new Date(1, Month.August, 2013);
Calendar calendar = new UnitedStates();
Schedule schedule = new MakeSchedule().from(issueDate)
.to(maturityDate)
.withTenor(new Period(6, TimeUnit.Months))
.withCalendar(calendar)
.withConvention(BusinessDayConvention.Unadjusted).value();
int settlementDays = 3;
Exercise exercise = new EuropeanExercise(maturityDate);
double conversionRatio = 100.0 / 20.3175;
List <double> coupons = new InitializedList <double>(schedule.size() - 1, 0.05);
DayCounter dayCounter = new Thirty360(Thirty360.Thirty360Convention.BondBasis);
CallabilitySchedule no_callability = new CallabilitySchedule();
DividendSchedule no_dividends = new DividendSchedule();
double redemption = 100.0;
ConvertibleFixedCouponBond bond = new ConvertibleFixedCouponBond(exercise, conversionRatio,
no_dividends, no_callability,
spread, issueDate, settlementDays,
coupons, dayCounter,
schedule, redemption);
bond.setPricingEngine(new BinomialConvertibleEngine <CoxRossRubinstein> (process, 600));
try
{
double x = bond.NPV(); // should throw; if not, an INF was not detected.
QAssert.Fail("INF result was not detected: " + x + " returned");
}
catch (Exception)
{
// as expected. Do nothing.
// Note: we're expecting an Error we threw, not just any
// exception. If something else is thrown, then there's
// another problem and the test must fail.
}
}
public List <CashFlow> Calculation(double fixrate, double initialNotional, List <DateTime> fixedSchedule, DateTime tradedate,
YieldTermStructure yt, PiecewiseconstantHazardRate piecewiseFlatHazardRate, int settlement, DateTime lastpaymentdate)
{
List <CashFlow> result = new List <CashFlow>();
OMLib.Conventions.DayCount.Actual360 daycountconvention = new OMLib.Conventions.DayCount.Actual360();
for (int i = 0; i < fixedSchedule.Count; i++)
{
CashFlow cf = new CashFlow();
Calendar calendar = new UnitedStates();
//fixedSchedule[i] = calendar.adjust(fixedSchedule[i], BusinessDayConvention.Following);
cf.CashFlowDate = fixedSchedule[i];
if (i == 0)
{
//The protection buyer pays the next coupon in full on the coupon date,
//(even if this is the next day); in return the buyer receives (from the protection seller) the accrued
//interest[Geoff Chaplin. Credit Derivatives.], which is paid on the cash settlement date.
if (lastpaymentdate != null)
{
lastpaymentdate = calendar.adjust(lastpaymentdate, BusinessDayConvention.Following);
cf.Amount = (double)initialNotional * fixrate * (daycountconvention.DayCount(lastpaymentdate, fixedSchedule[i])) / 360;
}
else
{
cf.Amount = (double)initialNotional * fixrate * (daycountconvention.DayCount(tradedate, fixedSchedule[i])) / 360;
}
}
else
{
//Each coupon is equal to (annual coupon/360) (# of days in accrual period).
//The accrual period always stretches from (previous coupon payment date) through (this coupon
//payment date–1), inclusive; except a contract's last accrual period, which ends with (and
//includes) the unadjusted maturity date.
if (i == fixedSchedule.Count - 1)
{
cf.Amount = (double)initialNotional * fixrate * (daycountconvention.DayCount(fixedSchedule[i - 1], fixedSchedule[i].AddDays(1))) / 360;
}
else
{
cf.Amount = (double)initialNotional * fixrate * (daycountconvention.DayCount(fixedSchedule[i - 1], fixedSchedule[i])) / 360;
}
}
//Assume all cash flows are discounted to the cash settlement date
cf.DiscountFactor = yt.discount(fixedSchedule[i]);
if (i == fixedSchedule.Count - 1)
{
cf.Survivalprobability = piecewiseFlatHazardRate.SurvivalProb(fixedSchedule[i].AddDays(1));
}
else
{
cf.Survivalprobability = piecewiseFlatHazardRate.SurvivalProb(fixedSchedule[i]);
}
result.Add(cf);
}
return(result);
}
/// <summary>
/// Evaluates the specified option contract to compute a theoretical price, IV and greeks
/// </summary>
/// <param name="security">The option security object</param>
/// <param name="slice">The current data slice. This can be used to access other information
/// available to the algorithm</param>
/// <param name="contract">The option contract to evaluate</param>
/// <returns>An instance of <see cref="OptionPriceModelResult"/> containing the theoretical
/// price of the specified option contract</returns>
public OptionPriceModelResult Evaluate(Security security, Slice slice, OptionContract contract)
{
try
{
// setting up option pricing parameters
var calendar = new UnitedStates();
var dayCounter = new Actual365Fixed();
var optionSecurity = (Option)security;
var settlementDate = contract.Time.Date.AddDays(Option.DefaultSettlementDays);
var maturityDate = contract.Expiry.Date.AddDays(Option.DefaultSettlementDays);
var underlyingQuoteValue = new SimpleQuote((double)optionSecurity.Underlying.Price);
var dividendYieldValue = new SimpleQuote(_dividendYieldEstimator.Estimate(security, slice, contract));
var dividendYield = new Handle <YieldTermStructure>(new FlatForward(0, calendar, dividendYieldValue, dayCounter));
var riskFreeRateValue = new SimpleQuote(_riskFreeRateEstimator.Estimate(security, slice, contract));
var riskFreeRate = new Handle <YieldTermStructure>(new FlatForward(0, calendar, riskFreeRateValue, dayCounter));
var underlyingVolValue = new SimpleQuote(_underlyingVolEstimator.Estimate(security, slice, contract));
var underlyingVol = new Handle <BlackVolTermStructure>(new BlackConstantVol(0, calendar, new Handle <Quote>(underlyingVolValue), dayCounter));
// preparing stochastic process and payoff functions
var stochasticProcess = new BlackScholesMertonProcess(new Handle <Quote>(underlyingQuoteValue), dividendYield, riskFreeRate, underlyingVol);
var payoff = new PlainVanillaPayoff(contract.Right == OptionRight.Call ? QLNet.Option.Type.Call : QLNet.Option.Type.Put, (double)contract.Strike);
// creating option QL object
var option = contract.Symbol.ID.OptionStyle == OptionStyle.American ?
new VanillaOption(payoff, new AmericanExercise(settlementDate, maturityDate)) :
new VanillaOption(payoff, new EuropeanExercise(maturityDate));
Settings.setEvaluationDate(settlementDate);
// preparing pricing engine QL object
option.setPricingEngine(_pricingEngineFunc(contract.Symbol, stochasticProcess));
// running calculations
var npv = EvaluateOption(option);
// function extracts QL greeks catching exception if greek is not generated by the pricing engine and reevaluates option to get numerical estimate of the seisitivity
Func <Func <double>, Func <double>, decimal> tryGetGreekOrReevaluate = (greek, reevalFunc) =>
{
try
{
return((decimal)greek());
}
catch (Exception)
{
return(EnableGreekApproximation ? (decimal)reevalFunc() : 0.0m);
}
};
// function extracts QL greeks catching exception if greek is not generated by the pricing engine
Func <Func <double>, decimal> tryGetGreek = greek => tryGetGreekOrReevaluate(greek, () => 0.0);
// function extracts QL IV catching exception if IV is not generated by the pricing engine
Func <decimal> tryGetImpliedVol = () =>
{
try
{
return((decimal)option.impliedVolatility((double)optionSecurity.Price, stochasticProcess));
}
catch (Exception err)
{
Log.Debug("tryGetImpliedVol() error: " + err.Message);
return(0m);
}
};
Func <Tuple <decimal, decimal> > evalDeltaGamma = () =>
{
try
{
return(Tuple.Create((decimal)option.delta(), (decimal)option.gamma()));
}
catch (Exception)
{
if (EnableGreekApproximation)
{
var step = 0.01;
var initial = underlyingQuoteValue.value();
underlyingQuoteValue.setValue(initial - step);
var npvMinus = EvaluateOption(option);
underlyingQuoteValue.setValue(initial + step);
var npvPlus = EvaluateOption(option);
underlyingQuoteValue.setValue(initial);
return(Tuple.Create((decimal)((npvPlus - npvMinus) / (2 * step)),
(decimal)((npvPlus - 2 * npv + npvMinus) / (step * step))));
}
else
{
return(Tuple.Create(0.0m, 0.0m));
}
}
};
Func <double> reevalVega = () =>
{
var step = 0.001;
var initial = underlyingVolValue.value();
underlyingVolValue.setValue(initial + step);
var npvPlus = EvaluateOption(option);
underlyingVolValue.setValue(initial);
return((npvPlus - npv) / step);
};
Func <double> reevalTheta = () =>
{
var step = 1.0 / 365.0;
Settings.setEvaluationDate(settlementDate.AddDays(-1));
var npvMinus = EvaluateOption(option);
Settings.setEvaluationDate(settlementDate);
return((npv - npvMinus) / step);
};
Func <double> reevalRho = () =>
{
var step = 0.001;
var initial = riskFreeRateValue.value();
riskFreeRateValue.setValue(initial + step);
var npvPlus = EvaluateOption(option);
riskFreeRateValue.setValue(initial);
return((npvPlus - npv) / step);
};
// producing output with lazy calculations of IV and greeks
return(new OptionPriceModelResult((decimal)npv,
tryGetImpliedVol,
() => new Greeks(evalDeltaGamma,
() => tryGetGreekOrReevaluate(() => option.vega(), reevalVega),
() => tryGetGreekOrReevaluate(() => option.theta(), reevalTheta),
() => tryGetGreekOrReevaluate(() => option.rho(), reevalRho),
() => tryGetGreek(() => option.elasticity()))));
}
catch (Exception err)
{
Log.Debug("QLOptionPriceModel.Evaluate() error: " + err.Message);
return(new OptionPriceModelResult(0m, new Greeks()));
}
}
public void testActualActualWithSemiannualSchedule()
{
// Testing actual/actual with schedule for undefined semiannual reference periods
Calendar calendar = new UnitedStates();
Date fromDate = new Date(10, Month.January, 2017);
Date firstCoupon = new Date(31, Month.August, 2017);
Date quasiCoupon = new Date(28, Month.February, 2017);
Date quasiCoupon2 = new Date(31, Month.August, 2016);
Schedule schedule = new MakeSchedule()
.from(fromDate)
.withFirstDate(firstCoupon)
.to(new Date(28, Month.February, 2026))
.withFrequency(Frequency.Semiannual)
.withCalendar(calendar)
.withConvention(BusinessDayConvention.Unadjusted)
.backwards().endOfMonth(true).value();
Date testDate = schedule.date(1);
DayCounter dayCounter = new ActualActual(ActualActual.Convention.ISMA, schedule);
DayCounter dayCounterNoSchedule = new ActualActual(ActualActual.Convention.ISMA);
Date referencePeriodStart = schedule.date(1);
Date referencePeriodEnd = schedule.date(2);
// Test
QAssert.IsTrue(dayCounter.yearFraction(referencePeriodStart,
referencePeriodStart).IsEqual(0.0), "This should be zero.");
QAssert.IsTrue(dayCounterNoSchedule.yearFraction(referencePeriodStart,
referencePeriodStart).IsEqual(0.0), "This should be zero");
QAssert.IsTrue(dayCounterNoSchedule.yearFraction(referencePeriodStart,
referencePeriodStart, referencePeriodStart, referencePeriodStart).IsEqual(0.0),
"This should be zero");
QAssert.IsTrue(dayCounter.yearFraction(referencePeriodStart,
referencePeriodEnd).IsEqual(0.5),
"This should be exact using schedule; "
+ referencePeriodStart + " to " + referencePeriodEnd
+ "Should be 0.5");
QAssert.IsTrue(dayCounterNoSchedule.yearFraction(referencePeriodStart,
referencePeriodEnd, referencePeriodStart, referencePeriodEnd).IsEqual(0.5),
"This should be exact for explicit reference periods with no schedule");
while (testDate < referencePeriodEnd)
{
double difference =
dayCounter.yearFraction(testDate, referencePeriodEnd,
referencePeriodStart, referencePeriodEnd) -
dayCounter.yearFraction(testDate, referencePeriodEnd);
if (Math.Abs(difference) > 1.0e-10)
{
QAssert.Fail("Failed to correctly use the schedule to find the reference period for Act/Act");
}
testDate = calendar.advance(testDate, 1, TimeUnit.Days);
}
//Test long first coupon
double calculatedYearFraction =
dayCounter.yearFraction(fromDate, firstCoupon);
double expectedYearFraction =
0.5 + ((double)dayCounter.dayCount(fromDate, quasiCoupon))
/ (2 * dayCounter.dayCount(quasiCoupon2, quasiCoupon));
QAssert.IsTrue(Math.Abs(calculatedYearFraction - expectedYearFraction) < 1.0e-10,
"Failed to compute the expected year fraction " +
"\n expected: " + expectedYearFraction +
"\n calculated: " + calculatedYearFraction);
// test multiple periods
schedule = new MakeSchedule()
.from(new Date(10, Month.January, 2017))
.withFirstDate(new Date(31, Month.August, 2017))
.to(new Date(28, Month.February, 2026))
.withFrequency(Frequency.Semiannual)
.withCalendar(calendar)
.withConvention(BusinessDayConvention.Unadjusted)
.backwards().endOfMonth(false).value();
Date periodStartDate = schedule.date(1);
Date periodEndDate = schedule.date(2);
dayCounter = new ActualActual(ActualActual.Convention.ISMA, schedule);
while (periodEndDate < schedule.date(schedule.size() - 2))
{
double expected =
actualActualDaycountComputation(schedule,
periodStartDate,
periodEndDate);
double calculated = dayCounter.yearFraction(periodStartDate,
periodEndDate);
if (Math.Abs(expected - calculated) > 1e-8)
{
QAssert.Fail("Failed to compute the correct year fraction " +
"given a schedule: " + periodStartDate +
" to " + periodEndDate +
"\n expected: " + expected +
" calculated: " + calculated);
}
periodEndDate = calendar.advance(periodEndDate, 1, TimeUnit.Days);
}
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// boost::timer timer;
Date today = new Date(16, Month.October, 2007);
Settings.setEvaluationDate(today);
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Pricing a callable fixed rate bond using");
Console.WriteLine("Hull White model w/ reversion parameter = 0.03");
Console.WriteLine("BAC4.65 09/15/12 ISIN: US06060WBJ36");
Console.WriteLine("roughly five year tenor, quarterly coupon and call dates");
Console.WriteLine("reference date is : " + today.ToLongDateString());
Console.WriteLine("");
/* Bloomberg OAS1: "N" model (Hull White)
* varying volatility parameter
*
* The curve entered into Bloomberg OAS1 is a flat curve,
* at constant yield = 5.5%, semiannual compounding.
* Assume here OAS1 curve uses an ACT/ACT day counter,
* as documented in PFC1 as a "default" in the latter case.
*/
// set up a flat curve corresponding to Bloomberg flat curve
double bbCurveRate = 0.055;
DayCounter bbDayCounter = new ActualActual(ActualActual.Convention.Bond);
InterestRate bbIR = new InterestRate(bbCurveRate, bbDayCounter, Compounding.Compounded, Frequency.Semiannual);
Handle <YieldTermStructure> termStructure = new Handle <YieldTermStructure>(flatRate(today,
bbIR.rate(),
bbIR.dayCounter(),
bbIR.compounding(),
bbIR.frequency()));
// set up the call schedule
CallabilitySchedule callSchedule = new CallabilitySchedule();
double callPrice = 100.0;
int numberOfCallDates = 24;
Date callDate = new Date(15, Month.September, 2006);
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfCallDates; i++)
{
Calendar nullCalendar = new NullCalendar();
Callability.Price myPrice = new Callability.Price(callPrice, Callability.Price.Type.Clean);
callSchedule.Add(new Callability(myPrice, Callability.Type.Call, callDate));
callDate = nullCalendar.advance(callDate, 3, TimeUnit.Months);
}
// set up the callable bond
Date dated = new Date(16, Month.September, 2004);
Date issue = dated;
Date maturity = new Date(15, Month.September, 2012);
int settlementDays = 3; // Bloomberg OAS1 settle is Oct 19, 2007
Calendar bondCalendar = new UnitedStates(UnitedStates.Market.GovernmentBond);
double coupon = .0465;
Frequency frequency = Frequency.Quarterly;
double redemption = 100.0;
double faceAmount = 100.0;
/* The 30/360 day counter Bloomberg uses for this bond cannot
* reproduce the US Bond/ISMA (constant) cashflows used in PFC1.
* Therefore use ActAct(Bond)
*/
DayCounter bondDayCounter = new ActualActual(ActualActual.Convention.Bond);
// PFC1 shows no indication dates are being adjusted
// for weekends/holidays for vanilla bonds
BusinessDayConvention accrualConvention = BusinessDayConvention.Unadjusted;
BusinessDayConvention paymentConvention = BusinessDayConvention.Unadjusted;
Schedule sch = new Schedule(dated, maturity, new Period(frequency), bondCalendar,
accrualConvention, accrualConvention,
DateGeneration.Rule.Backward, false);
int maxIterations = 1000;
double accuracy = 1e-8;
int gridIntervals = 40;
double reversionParameter = .03;
// output price/yield results for varying volatility parameter
double sigma = Const.QL_EPSILON; // core dumps if zero on Cygwin
ShortRateModel hw0 = new HullWhite(termStructure, reversionParameter, sigma);
IPricingEngine engine0 = new TreeCallableFixedRateBondEngine(hw0, gridIntervals, termStructure);
CallableFixedRateBond callableBond = new CallableFixedRateBond(settlementDays, faceAmount, sch,
new InitializedList <double>(1, coupon),
bondDayCounter, paymentConvention,
redemption, issue, callSchedule);
callableBond.setPricingEngine(engine0);
Console.WriteLine("sigma/vol (%) = {0:0.00}", (100.0 * sigma));
Console.WriteLine("QLNet price/yld (%) {0:0.00} / {1:0.00} ",
callableBond.cleanPrice(),
100.0 * callableBond.yield(bondDayCounter,
Compounding.Compounded,
frequency,
accuracy,
maxIterations));
Console.WriteLine("Bloomberg price/yld (%) 96,50 / 5,47");
Console.WriteLine("");
//
sigma = .01;
Console.WriteLine("sigma/vol (%) = {0:0.00}", (100.0 * sigma));
ShortRateModel hw1 = new HullWhite(termStructure, reversionParameter, sigma);
IPricingEngine engine1 = new TreeCallableFixedRateBondEngine(hw1, gridIntervals, termStructure);
callableBond.setPricingEngine(engine1);
Console.WriteLine("QLNet price/yld (%) {0:0.00} / {1:0.00} ",
callableBond.cleanPrice(),
100.0 * callableBond.yield(bondDayCounter,
Compounding.Compounded,
frequency,
accuracy,
maxIterations));
Console.WriteLine("Bloomberg price/yld (%) 95,68 / 5,66");
Console.WriteLine("");
//
sigma = .03;
Console.WriteLine("sigma/vol (%) = {0:0.00}", (100.0 * sigma));
ShortRateModel hw2 = new HullWhite(termStructure, reversionParameter, sigma);
IPricingEngine engine2 = new TreeCallableFixedRateBondEngine(hw2, gridIntervals, termStructure);
callableBond.setPricingEngine(engine2);
Console.WriteLine("QLNet price/yld (%) {0:0.00} / {1:0.00} ",
callableBond.cleanPrice(),
100.0 * callableBond.yield(bondDayCounter,
Compounding.Compounded,
frequency,
accuracy,
maxIterations));
Console.WriteLine("Bloomberg price/yld (%) 92,34 / 6,49");
Console.WriteLine("");
//
sigma = .06;
Console.WriteLine("sigma/vol (%) = {0:0.00}", (100.0 * sigma));
ShortRateModel hw3 = new HullWhite(termStructure, reversionParameter, sigma);
IPricingEngine engine3 = new TreeCallableFixedRateBondEngine(hw3, gridIntervals, termStructure);
callableBond.setPricingEngine(engine3);
Console.WriteLine("QLNet price/yld (%) {0:0.00} / {1:0.00} ",
callableBond.cleanPrice(),
100.0 * callableBond.yield(bondDayCounter,
Compounding.Compounded,
frequency,
accuracy,
maxIterations));
Console.WriteLine("Bloomberg price/yld (%) 87,16 / 7,83");
Console.WriteLine("");
//
sigma = .12;
Console.WriteLine("sigma/vol (%) = {0:0.00}", (100.0 * sigma));
ShortRateModel hw4 = new HullWhite(termStructure, reversionParameter, sigma);
IPricingEngine engine4 = new TreeCallableFixedRateBondEngine(hw4, gridIntervals, termStructure);
callableBond.setPricingEngine(engine4);
Console.WriteLine("QLNet price/yld (%) {0:0.00} / {1:0.00} ",
callableBond.cleanPrice(),
100.0 * callableBond.yield(bondDayCounter,
Compounding.Compounded,
frequency,
accuracy,
maxIterations));
Console.WriteLine("Bloomberg price/yld (%) 77,31 / 10,65");
}
