public static int GetSeeCaptureScore(ChessBoard cb, int move)
{
if (EngineConstants.Assert)
{
if (MoveUtil.GetAttackedPieceIndex(move) == 0)
{
Assert.IsTrue(MoveUtil.GetMoveType(move) != 0);
}
}
var index = MoveUtil.GetToIndex(move);
var allPieces = cb.AllPieces & ~Util.PowerLookup[MoveUtil.GetFromIndex(move)];
var slidingMask = MagicUtil.GetQueenMovesEmptyBoard(index) & allPieces;
// add score when promotion
if (MoveUtil.IsPromotion(move))
{
return(EvalConstants.PromotionScore[MoveUtil.GetMoveType(move)] +
EvalConstants.Material[MoveUtil.GetAttackedPieceIndex(move)]
- GetSeeScore(cb, cb.ColorToMoveInverse, index, MoveUtil.GetMoveType(move), allPieces,
slidingMask));
}
return(EvalConstants.Material[MoveUtil.GetAttackedPieceIndex(move)]
- GetSeeScore(cb, cb.ColorToMoveInverse, index, MoveUtil.GetSourcePieceIndex(move), allPieces,
slidingMask));
}
public static int CalculateBestMove(ChessBoard cb, ThreadData threadData, int ply, int depth,
int alpha, int beta,
int nullMoveCounter)
{
if (!IsRunning)
{
return(ChessConstants.ScoreNotRunning);
}
if (EngineConstants.Assert)
{
Assert.IsTrue(depth >= 0);
Assert.IsTrue(alpha >= Util.ShortMin && alpha <= Util.ShortMax);
Assert.IsTrue(beta >= Util.ShortMin && beta <= Util.ShortMax);
}
var alphaOrig = alpha;
// get extensions
depth += Extensions(cb);
/* mate-distance pruning */
if (EngineConstants.EnableMateDistancePruning)
{
alpha = Math.Max(alpha, Util.ShortMin + ply);
beta = Math.Min(beta, Util.ShortMax - ply - 1);
if (alpha >= beta)
{
return(alpha);
}
}
// TODO JITWatch unpredictable branch
if (depth == 0)
{
return(QuiescenceUtil.CalculateBestMove(cb, threadData, alpha, beta));
}
/* transposition-table */
var ttEntry = TtUtil.GetEntry(cb.ZobristKey);
var score = ttEntry.GetScore(ply);
if (ttEntry.Key != 0)
{
if (!EngineConstants.TestTtValues)
{
if (ttEntry.Depth >= depth)
{
switch (ttEntry.Flag)
{
case TtUtil.FlagExact:
return(score);
case TtUtil.FlagLower:
if (score >= beta)
{
return(score);
}
break;
case TtUtil.FlagUpper:
if (score <= alpha)
{
return(score);
}
break;
}
}
}
}
if (Statistics.Enabled)
{
Statistics.AbNodes++;
}
var eval = Util.ShortMin;
var isPv = beta - alpha != 1;
if (!isPv && cb.CheckingPieces == 0)
{
eval = EvalUtil.GetScore(cb, threadData);
/* use tt value as eval */
if (EngineConstants.UseTtScoreAsEval)
{
if (TtUtil.CanRefineEval(ttEntry, eval, score))
{
eval = score;
}
}
/* static null move pruning */
if (EngineConstants.EnableStaticNullMove && depth < StaticNullmoveMargin.Length)
{
if (eval - StaticNullmoveMargin[depth] >= beta)
{
if (Statistics.Enabled)
{
Statistics.StaticNullMoved[depth]++;
}
return(eval);
}
}
/* razoring */
if (EngineConstants.EnableRazoring && depth < RazoringMargin.Length &&
Math.Abs(alpha) < EvalConstants.ScoreMateBound)
{
if (eval + RazoringMargin[depth] < alpha)
{
score = QuiescenceUtil.CalculateBestMove(cb, threadData, alpha - RazoringMargin[depth],
alpha - RazoringMargin[depth] + 1);
if (score + RazoringMargin[depth] <= alpha)
{
if (Statistics.Enabled)
{
Statistics.Razored[depth]++;
}
return(score);
}
}
}
/* null-move */
if (EngineConstants.EnableNullMove)
{
if (nullMoveCounter < 2 && eval >= beta &&
MaterialUtil.HasNonPawnPieces(cb.MaterialKey, cb.ColorToMove))
{
cb.DoNullMove();
// TODO less reduction if stm (other side) has only 1 major piece
var reduction = depth / 4 + 3 + Math.Min((eval - beta) / 80, 3);
score = depth - reduction <= 0
? -QuiescenceUtil.CalculateBestMove(cb, threadData, -beta, -beta + 1)
: -CalculateBestMove(cb, threadData, ply + 1, depth - reduction, -beta, -beta + 1,
nullMoveCounter + 1);
cb.UndoNullMove();
if (score >= beta)
{
if (Statistics.Enabled)
{
Statistics.NullMoveHit++;
}
return(score);
}
if (Statistics.Enabled)
{
Statistics.NullMoveMiss++;
}
}
}
}
var parentMove = ply == 0 ? 0 : threadData.Previous();
var bestMove = 0;
var bestScore = Util.ShortMin - 1;
var ttMove = 0;
var counterMove = 0;
var killer1Move = 0;
var killer2Move = 0;
var movesPerformed = 0;
threadData.StartPly();
var phase = PhaseTt;
while (phase <= PhaseQuiet)
{
switch (phase)
{
case PhaseTt:
if (ttEntry.Key != 0)
{
ttMove = ttEntry.Move;
if (cb.IsValidMove(ttMove))
{
threadData.AddMove(ttMove);
}
// else {
// throw new RuntimeException("invalid tt-move found: " + new MoveWrapper(ttMove));
// }
}
break;
case PhaseAttacking:
MoveGenerator.GenerateAttacks(threadData, cb);
threadData.SetMvvlvaScores();
threadData.Sort();
break;
case PhaseKiller1:
killer1Move = threadData.GetKiller1(ply);
if (killer1Move != 0 && killer1Move != ttMove && cb.IsValidMove(killer1Move))
{
threadData.AddMove(killer1Move);
break;
}
phase++;
goto case PhaseKiller2;
case PhaseKiller2:
killer2Move = threadData.GetKiller2(ply);
if (killer2Move != 0 && killer2Move != ttMove && cb.IsValidMove(killer2Move))
{
threadData.AddMove(killer2Move);
break;
}
phase++;
goto case PhaseCounter;
case PhaseCounter:
counterMove = threadData.GetCounter(cb.ColorToMove, parentMove);
if (counterMove != 0 && counterMove != ttMove && counterMove != killer1Move &&
counterMove != killer2Move && cb.IsValidMove(counterMove))
{
threadData.AddMove(counterMove);
break;
}
phase++;
goto case PhaseQuiet;
case PhaseQuiet:
MoveGenerator.GenerateMoves(threadData, cb);
threadData.SetHhScores(cb.ColorToMove);
threadData.Sort();
break;
}
while (threadData.HasNext())
{
var move = threadData.Next();
switch (phase)
{
case PhaseQuiet when move == ttMove || move == killer1Move || move == killer2Move ||
move == counterMove ||
!cb.IsLegal(move):
case PhaseAttacking when move == ttMove || !cb.IsLegal(move):
continue;
}
// pruning allowed?
if (!isPv && cb.CheckingPieces == 0 && movesPerformed > 0 && threadData.GetMoveScore() < 100 &&
!cb.IsDiscoveredMove(MoveUtil.GetFromIndex(move)))
{
if (phase == PhaseQuiet)
{
/* late move pruning */
if (EngineConstants.EnableLmp && depth <= 4 && movesPerformed >= depth * 3 + 3)
{
if (Statistics.Enabled)
{
Statistics.Lmped[depth]++;
}
continue;
}
/* futility pruning */
if (EngineConstants.EnableFutilityPruning && depth < FutilityMargin.Length)
{
if (!MoveUtil.IsPawnPush78(move))
{
if (eval == Util.ShortMin)
{
eval = EvalUtil.GetScore(cb, threadData);
}
if (eval + FutilityMargin[depth] <= alpha)
{
if (Statistics.Enabled)
{
Statistics.Futile[depth]++;
}
continue;
}
}
}
}
/* SEE Pruning */
else if (EngineConstants.EnableSeePruning && depth <= 6 && phase == PhaseAttacking &&
SeeUtil.GetSeeCaptureScore(cb, move) < -20 * depth * depth)
{
continue;
}
}
cb.DoMove(move);
movesPerformed++;
/* draw check */
if (cb.IsRepetition(move) || MaterialUtil.IsDrawByMaterial(cb))
{
score = EvalConstants.ScoreDraw;
}
else
{
score = alpha + 1; // initial is above alpha
var reduction = 1;
if (depth > 2 && movesPerformed > 1 && MoveUtil.IsQuiet(move) && !MoveUtil.IsPawnPush78(move))
{
reduction = LmrTable[Math.Min(depth, 63)][Math.Min(movesPerformed, 63)];
if (threadData.GetMoveScore() > 40)
{
reduction -= 1;
}
if (move == killer1Move || move == killer2Move || move == counterMove)
{
reduction -= 1;
}
if (!isPv)
{
reduction += 1;
}
reduction = Math.Min(depth - 1, Math.Max(reduction, 1));
}
/* LMR */
if (EngineConstants.EnableLmr && reduction != 1)
{
score = -CalculateBestMove(cb, threadData, ply + 1, depth - reduction, -alpha - 1, -alpha,
0);
}
/* PVS */
if (EngineConstants.EnablePvs && score > alpha && movesPerformed > 1)
{
score = -CalculateBestMove(cb, threadData, ply + 1, depth - 1, -alpha - 1, -alpha, 0);
}
/* normal bounds */
if (score > alpha)
{
score = -CalculateBestMove(cb, threadData, ply + 1, depth - 1, -beta, -alpha, 0);
}
}
cb.UndoMove(move);
if (score > bestScore)
{
bestScore = score;
bestMove = move;
if (ply == 0 && IsRunning)
{
threadData.SetBestMove(cb, bestMove, alphaOrig, beta, bestScore, depth);
}
alpha = Math.Max(alpha, score);
if (alpha >= beta)
{
if (Statistics.Enabled)
{
Statistics.FailHigh[Math.Min(movesPerformed - 1, Statistics.FailHigh.Length - 1)]++;
}
/* killer and history */
if (MoveUtil.IsQuiet(move) && cb.CheckingPieces == 0)
{
threadData.AddCounterMove(cb.ColorToMove, parentMove, move);
threadData.AddKillerMove(move, ply);
threadData.AddHhValue(cb.ColorToMove, move, depth);
}
phase += 10;
break;
}
}
if (MoveUtil.IsQuiet(move))
{
threadData.AddBfValue(cb.ColorToMove, move, depth);
}
}
phase++;
}
threadData.EndPly();
/* checkmate or stalemate */
if (movesPerformed == 0)
{
if (cb.CheckingPieces == 0)
{
if (Statistics.Enabled)
{
Statistics.StaleMateCount++;
}
return(EvalConstants.ScoreDraw);
}
if (Statistics.Enabled)
{
Statistics.MateCount++;
}
return(Util.ShortMin + ply);
}
if (EngineConstants.Assert)
{
Assert.IsTrue(bestMove != 0);
}
// set tt-flag
var flag = TtUtil.FlagExact;
if (bestScore >= beta)
{
flag = TtUtil.FlagLower;
}
else if (bestScore <= alphaOrig)
{
flag = TtUtil.FlagUpper;
}
if (IsRunning)
{
TtUtil.AddValue(cb.ZobristKey, bestScore, ply, depth, flag, bestMove);
}
Statistics.SetBestMove(cb, bestMove, ttMove, ttEntry, flag, counterMove, killer1Move, killer2Move);
if (EngineConstants.TestTtValues)
{
SearchTestUtil.TestTtValues(score, bestScore, depth, bestMove, flag, ttEntry, ply);
}
return(bestScore);
}
public bool IsValidMove(int move)
{
// check piece at from square
var fromIndex = MoveUtil.GetFromIndex(move);
var fromSquare = Util.PowerLookup[fromIndex];
if ((Pieces[ColorToMove][MoveUtil.GetSourcePieceIndex(move)] & fromSquare) == 0)
{
return(false);
}
// check piece at to square
var toIndex = MoveUtil.GetToIndex(move);
var toSquare = Util.PowerLookup[toIndex];
var attackedPieceIndex = MoveUtil.GetAttackedPieceIndex(move);
if (attackedPieceIndex == 0)
{
if (PieceIndexes[toIndex] != Empty)
{
return(false);
}
}
else
{
if ((Pieces[ColorToMoveInverse][attackedPieceIndex] & toSquare) == 0 && !MoveUtil.IsEpMove(move))
{
return(false);
}
}
// check if move is possible
switch (MoveUtil.GetSourcePieceIndex(move))
{
case Pawn:
if (MoveUtil.IsEpMove(move))
{
return(toIndex == EpIndex && IsLegalEpMove(fromIndex));
}
else
{
if (ColorToMove == White)
{
if (fromIndex > toIndex)
{
return(false);
}
// 2-move
if (toIndex - fromIndex == 16 && (AllPieces & Util.PowerLookup[fromIndex + 8]) != 0)
{
return(false);
}
}
else
{
if (fromIndex < toIndex)
{
return(false);
}
// 2-move
if (fromIndex - toIndex == 16 && (AllPieces & Util.PowerLookup[fromIndex - 8]) != 0)
{
return(false);
}
}
}
break;
case Knight:
break;
case Bishop:
// fall-through
case Rook:
// fall-through
case Queen:
if ((InBetween[fromIndex][toIndex] & AllPieces) != 0)
{
return(false);
}
break;
case King:
if (!MoveUtil.IsCastlingMove(move))
{
return(IsLegalKingMove(move));
}
var castlingIndexes = CastlingUtil.GetCastlingIndexes(this);
while (castlingIndexes != 0)
{
if (toIndex == BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount(castlingIndexes))
{
return(CastlingUtil.IsValidCastlingMove(this, fromIndex, toIndex));
}
castlingIndexes &= castlingIndexes - 1;
}
return(false);
}
if ((fromSquare & PinnedPieces) != 0)
{
if ((PinnedMovement[fromIndex][KingIndex[ColorToMove]] & toSquare) == 0)
{
return(false);
}
}
if (CheckingPieces == 0)
{
return(true);
}
if (attackedPieceIndex == 0)
{
return(IsLegalNonKingMove(move));
}
if (BitOperations.PopCount((ulong)CheckingPieces) == 2)
{
return(false);
}
return((toSquare & CheckingPieces) != 0);
}
private bool IsLegalNonKingMove(int move)
{
return(!CheckUtil.IsInCheck(KingIndex[ColorToMove], ColorToMove, Pieces[ColorToMoveInverse],
AllPieces ^ Util.PowerLookup[MoveUtil.GetFromIndex(move)] ^
Util.PowerLookup[MoveUtil.GetToIndex(move)]));
}
private bool IsLegalKingMove(int move)
{
return(!CheckUtil.IsInCheckIncludingKing(MoveUtil.GetToIndex(move), ColorToMove, Pieces[ColorToMoveInverse],
AllPieces ^ Util.PowerLookup[MoveUtil.GetFromIndex(move)]));
}
public void UndoMove(int move)
{
var fromIndex = MoveUtil.GetFromIndex(move);
var toIndex = MoveUtil.GetToIndex(move);
var toMask = 1L << toIndex;
var fromToMask = (1L << fromIndex) ^ toMask;
var sourcePieceIndex = MoveUtil.GetSourcePieceIndex(move);
var attackedPieceIndex = MoveUtil.GetAttackedPieceIndex(move);
PopHistoryValues();
// undo move
Pieces[ColorToMoveInverse][All] ^= fromToMask;
Pieces[ColorToMoveInverse][sourcePieceIndex] ^= fromToMask;
PieceIndexes[fromIndex] = sourcePieceIndex;
PsqtScore += EvalConstants.Psqt[sourcePieceIndex][ColorToMoveInverse][fromIndex] -
EvalConstants.Psqt[sourcePieceIndex][ColorToMoveInverse][toIndex];
switch (sourcePieceIndex)
{
case Empty:
// not necessary but provides a table-index
break;
case Pawn:
PawnZobristKey ^= Zobrist.Piece[ColorToMoveInverse][Pawn][fromIndex];
if (MoveUtil.IsPromotion(move))
{
Phase += EvalConstants.Phase[MoveUtil.GetMoveType(move)];
MaterialKey -= MaterialUtil.Values[ColorToMoveInverse][MoveUtil.GetMoveType(move)] -
MaterialUtil.Values[ColorToMoveInverse][Pawn];
Pieces[ColorToMoveInverse][Pawn] ^= toMask;
Pieces[ColorToMoveInverse][MoveUtil.GetMoveType(move)] ^= toMask;
PsqtScore += EvalConstants.Psqt[Pawn][ColorToMoveInverse][toIndex]
- EvalConstants.Psqt[MoveUtil.GetMoveType(move)][ColorToMoveInverse][toIndex];
}
else
{
PawnZobristKey ^= Zobrist.Piece[ColorToMoveInverse][Pawn][toIndex];
}
break;
case King:
if (MoveUtil.IsCastlingMove(move))
{
CastlingUtil.UncastleRookUpdatePsqt(this, toIndex);
}
KingIndex[ColorToMoveInverse] = fromIndex;
break;
}
// undo hit
switch (attackedPieceIndex)
{
case Empty:
break;
case Pawn:
if (MoveUtil.IsEpMove(move))
{
PieceIndexes[toIndex] = Empty;
toIndex += ColorFactor8[ColorToMove];
toMask = Util.PowerLookup[toIndex];
}
PawnZobristKey ^= Zobrist.Piece[ColorToMove][Pawn][toIndex];
goto default;
// fall-through
default:
PsqtScore += EvalConstants.Psqt[attackedPieceIndex][ColorToMove][toIndex];
Phase -= EvalConstants.Phase[attackedPieceIndex];
MaterialKey += MaterialUtil.Values[ColorToMove][attackedPieceIndex];
Pieces[ColorToMove][All] |= toMask;
Pieces[ColorToMove][attackedPieceIndex] |= toMask;
break;
}
PieceIndexes[toIndex] = attackedPieceIndex;
AllPieces = Pieces[ColorToMove][All] | Pieces[ColorToMoveInverse][All];
EmptySpaces = ~AllPieces;
ChangeSideToMove();
SetCheckingPinnedAndDiscoPieces();
if (EngineConstants.Assert)
{
ChessBoardTestUtil.TestValues(this);
}
}
public void DoMove(int move)
{
MoveCount++;
var fromIndex = MoveUtil.GetFromIndex(move);
var toIndex = MoveUtil.GetToIndex(move);
var toMask = 1L << toIndex;
var fromToMask = (1L << fromIndex) ^ toMask;
var sourcePieceIndex = MoveUtil.GetSourcePieceIndex(move);
var attackedPieceIndex = MoveUtil.GetAttackedPieceIndex(move);
if (EngineConstants.Assert)
{
Assert.IsTrue(move != 0);
Assert.IsTrue(attackedPieceIndex != King);
Assert.IsTrue(attackedPieceIndex == 0 || (Util.PowerLookup[toIndex] & Pieces[ColorToMove][All]) == 0);
Assert.IsTrue(IsValidMove(move));
}
PushHistoryValues();
ZobristKey ^= Zobrist.Piece[ColorToMove][sourcePieceIndex][fromIndex] ^
Zobrist.Piece[ColorToMove][sourcePieceIndex][toIndex] ^ Zobrist.SideToMove;
if (EpIndex != 0)
{
ZobristKey ^= Zobrist.EpIndex[EpIndex];
EpIndex = 0;
}
Pieces[ColorToMove][All] ^= fromToMask;
Pieces[ColorToMove][sourcePieceIndex] ^= fromToMask;
PieceIndexes[fromIndex] = Empty;
PieceIndexes[toIndex] = sourcePieceIndex;
PsqtScore += EvalConstants.Psqt[sourcePieceIndex][ColorToMove][toIndex] -
EvalConstants.Psqt[sourcePieceIndex][ColorToMove][fromIndex];
switch (sourcePieceIndex)
{
case Pawn:
PawnZobristKey ^= Zobrist.Piece[ColorToMove][Pawn][fromIndex];
if (MoveUtil.IsPromotion(move))
{
Phase -= EvalConstants.Phase[MoveUtil.GetMoveType(move)];
MaterialKey += MaterialUtil.Values[ColorToMove][MoveUtil.GetMoveType(move)] -
MaterialUtil.Values[ColorToMove][Pawn];
Pieces[ColorToMove][Pawn] ^= toMask;
Pieces[ColorToMove][MoveUtil.GetMoveType(move)] |= toMask;
PieceIndexes[toIndex] = MoveUtil.GetMoveType(move);
ZobristKey ^= Zobrist.Piece[ColorToMove][Pawn][toIndex] ^
Zobrist.Piece[ColorToMove][MoveUtil.GetMoveType(move)][toIndex];
PsqtScore += EvalConstants.Psqt[MoveUtil.GetMoveType(move)][ColorToMove][toIndex] -
EvalConstants.Psqt[Pawn][ColorToMove][toIndex];
}
else
{
PawnZobristKey ^= Zobrist.Piece[ColorToMove][Pawn][toIndex];
// 2-move
if (InBetween[fromIndex][toIndex] != 0)
{
if ((StaticMoves.PawnAttacks[ColorToMove][
BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount(InBetween[fromIndex][toIndex])]
& Pieces[ColorToMoveInverse][Pawn]) != 0)
{
EpIndex = BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount(InBetween[fromIndex][toIndex]);
ZobristKey ^= Zobrist.EpIndex[EpIndex];
}
}
}
break;
case Rook:
if (CastlingRights != 0)
{
ZobristKey ^= Zobrist.Castling[CastlingRights];
CastlingRights = CastlingUtil.GetRookMovedOrAttackedCastlingRights(CastlingRights, fromIndex);
ZobristKey ^= Zobrist.Castling[CastlingRights];
}
break;
case King:
KingIndex[ColorToMove] = toIndex;
if (CastlingRights != 0)
{
if (MoveUtil.IsCastlingMove(move))
{
CastlingUtil.CastleRookUpdateKeyAndPsqt(this, toIndex);
}
ZobristKey ^= Zobrist.Castling[CastlingRights];
CastlingRights = CastlingUtil.GetKingMovedCastlingRights(CastlingRights, fromIndex);
ZobristKey ^= Zobrist.Castling[CastlingRights];
}
break;
}
// piece hit?
switch (attackedPieceIndex)
{
case Empty:
break;
case Pawn:
if (MoveUtil.IsEpMove(move))
{
toIndex += ColorFactor8[ColorToMoveInverse];
toMask = Util.PowerLookup[toIndex];
PieceIndexes[toIndex] = Empty;
}
PawnZobristKey ^= Zobrist.Piece[ColorToMoveInverse][Pawn][toIndex];
PsqtScore -= EvalConstants.Psqt[Pawn][ColorToMoveInverse][toIndex];
Pieces[ColorToMoveInverse][All] ^= toMask;
Pieces[ColorToMoveInverse][Pawn] ^= toMask;
ZobristKey ^= Zobrist.Piece[ColorToMoveInverse][Pawn][toIndex];
MaterialKey -= MaterialUtil.Values[ColorToMoveInverse][Pawn];
break;
case Rook:
if (CastlingRights != 0)
{
ZobristKey ^= Zobrist.Castling[CastlingRights];
CastlingRights = CastlingUtil.GetRookMovedOrAttackedCastlingRights(CastlingRights, toIndex);
ZobristKey ^= Zobrist.Castling[CastlingRights];
}
goto default;
// fall-through
default:
Phase += EvalConstants.Phase[attackedPieceIndex];
PsqtScore -= EvalConstants.Psqt[attackedPieceIndex][ColorToMoveInverse][toIndex];
Pieces[ColorToMoveInverse][All] ^= toMask;
Pieces[ColorToMoveInverse][attackedPieceIndex] ^= toMask;
ZobristKey ^= Zobrist.Piece[ColorToMoveInverse][attackedPieceIndex][toIndex];
MaterialKey -= MaterialUtil.Values[ColorToMoveInverse][attackedPieceIndex];
break;
}
AllPieces = Pieces[ColorToMove][All] | Pieces[ColorToMoveInverse][All];
EmptySpaces = ~AllPieces;
ChangeSideToMove();
SetCheckingPinnedAndDiscoPieces();
if (EngineConstants.Assert)
{
ChessBoardTestUtil.TestValues(this);
}
}