private void Button_Click_6(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
FileStream s = new FileStream(@"C:\IHDRSerializedTree.txt", FileMode.Open);
ihdr = (IHDR)formatter.Deserialize(s);
}
public void ShouldReadIHDR()
{
string filePath = @"../../../Data/Plan.png";
IHDR ihdr = new IHDR(PNGFile.Read(filePath)[0]);
Assert.AreEqual("IHDR", ihdr.Type);
Assert.AreEqual(1438, ihdr.Width);
Assert.AreEqual(640, ihdr.Height);
Assert.AreEqual(8, ihdr.BitDepth);
Assert.AreEqual(6, ihdr.ColorType);
Assert.AreEqual(0, ihdr.CompressionMethod);
Assert.AreEqual(0, ihdr.FilterMethod);
Assert.AreEqual(0, ihdr.InterlaceMethod);
}
// Info from:
// https://wiki.mozilla.org/APNG_Specification
// http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/
/// <summary>
/// Save an animation in a APNG file (Firefox supported)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pngs">All frames (path of files or bitmaps)</param>
/// <param name="apng">The path of the output file</param>
/// <param name="delay">The delay between frames (delay/1000)</param>
/// <param name="loops">The number of loops (if 0 = infinite)</param>
public static void Create(string[] pngs, string apng, int delay, int loops)
{
byte[] pngSignature = new byte[] { 137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10 };
IHDR ihdr = Read_IHDR(pngs[0]);
#region Section acTL
acTL actl = new acTL();
actl.length = BitConverter.GetBytes(8).Reverse().ToArray();
actl.id = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(new char[] { 'a', 'c', 'T', 'L' });
actl.num_frames = BitConverter.GetBytes(pngs.Length).Reverse().ToArray();
actl.num_plays = BitConverter.GetBytes(loops).Reverse().ToArray(); // Loop
List <byte> stream = new List <byte>();
stream.AddRange(actl.id);
stream.AddRange(actl.num_frames);
stream.AddRange(actl.num_plays);
actl.crc = Helper.CRC32.Calculate(stream.ToArray());
stream.Clear();
#endregion
List <fcTL> fctl = new List <fcTL>();
List <fdAT> fdat = new List <fdAT>();
int i = 0;
fctl.Add(Read_fcTL(pngs[0], i, delay));
i++;
byte[] IDAT = Read_IDAT(pngs[0]);
foreach (string png in pngs)
{
if (png == pngs[0])
{
continue;
}
fctl.Add(Read_fcTL(png, i, delay));
i++;
fdat.Add(Read_fdAT(png, i));
i++;
}
IEND iend = new IEND();
iend.id = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(new char[] { 'I', 'E', 'N', 'D' });
iend.length = BitConverter.GetBytes(0);
iend.crc = Helper.CRC32.Calculate(iend.id);
Write(apng, pngSignature, ihdr, actl, IDAT, fctl.ToArray(), fdat.ToArray(), iend);
}
private void Button_Click_16(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Faces2Parser parser = new Faces2Parser(
@"D:\Dropbox\DP\datasets\Faces2\");
parser.ParseData();
parser.ParseDataTest();
ihdr = new IHDR();
foreach (var item in parser.Samples)
{
ihdr.AddSample(item.GetAttributesArray(), (double)item.Label);
}
foreach (var item in parser.SamplesTest)
{
ihdr.AddTestingSample(item.GetAttributesArray(), (double)item.Label);
}
}
private void Button_Click_10(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
S.SyntheticDataGenerator generator = new S.SyntheticDataGenerator(70, 50);
generator.GenerateSyntheticData();
generator.GenerateSyntheticDataTest();
ihdr = new IHDR();
foreach (var item in generator.samples)
{
ihdr.AddSample(item.Attributes.ToArray(), item.AttributesY.ToArray(), item.Label);
}
foreach (var item in generator.samplesTest)
{
ihdr.AddTestingSample(item.Attributes.ToArray(), (double)item.Label);
}
ihdr.BuildTree_Synthetic();
ihdr.EvaluateClustersLabels();
ihdr.SaveLeafClustersToPicture();
}
private static IHDR Read_IHDR(string png)
{
BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(new FileStream(png, FileMode.Open));
br.BaseStream.Position = 0x08;
IHDR ihdr = new IHDR();
ihdr.length = br.ReadBytes(4);
ihdr.id = br.ReadBytes(4);
ihdr.width = br.ReadUInt32();
ihdr.height = br.ReadUInt32();
ihdr.depth = br.ReadByte();
ihdr.colour_type = br.ReadByte();
ihdr.compression = br.ReadByte();
ihdr.filter = br.ReadByte();
ihdr.interlace = br.ReadByte();
ihdr.crc = br.ReadBytes(4);
br.Close();
return(ihdr);
}
private void Button_Click_11(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
S.SyntheticDataGenerator generator = new S.SyntheticDataGenerator(100, 100);
generator.GenerateSyntheticData();
generator.GenerateSyntheticDataTest();
ihdr = new IHDR();
foreach (var item in generator.samples)
{
ihdr.AddSample(item.Attributes.ToArray(), item.AttributesY.ToArray(), item.Label);
}
foreach (var item in generator.samplesTest)
{
ihdr.AddTestingSample(item.Attributes.ToArray(), (double)item.Label);
}
ihdr.BuildTree_Synthetic();
ihdr.EvaluateAllClustersLabels();
ihdr.EvaluateDepth();
ihdr.SaveLayersToBmp(@"D:\Levels");
}
private void Button_Click_14(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
FacesParser parser = new FacesParser(
@"D:\Dropbox\DP\datasets\Faces\train\face\",
@"D:\Dropbox\DP\datasets\Faces\train\non-face\",
@"D:\Dropbox\DP\datasets\Faces\test\face\",
@"D:\Dropbox\DP\datasets\Faces\test\non-face\");
parser.ParseData();
parser.ParseDataTest();
ihdr = new IHDR();
List <FacesParserLib.Sample> mnistSamples = parser.Samples;
foreach (var item in mnistSamples)
{
ihdr.AddSample(item.GetAttributesArray(), (double)item.Label);
}
foreach (var item in parser.SamplesTest)
{
ihdr.AddTestingSample(item.GetAttributesArray(), (double)item.Label);
}
}
private void Button_Click_8(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
GisetteParser parser = new GisetteParser(
@"D:\Dropbox\DP\datasets\Gisette\gisette_train.data",
@"D:\Dropbox\DP\datasets\Gisette\gisette_train.labels",
@"D:\Dropbox\DP\datasets\Gisette\gisette_valid.data",
@"D:\Dropbox\DP\datasets\Gisette\gisette_valid.labels");
parser.ParseData();
parser.ParseDataTest();
ihdr = new IHDR();
List <GisetteParserLib.Sample> arceneSamples = parser.Samples;
foreach (var item in arceneSamples)
{
ihdr.AddSample(item.GetAttributesArray(), (double)item.Label);
}
foreach (var item in parser.SamplesTest)
{
ihdr.AddTestingSample(item.GetAttributesArray(), (double)item.Label);
}
}
private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Settings.SetSettings_MNISTMyOutput();
MnistParser parser = new MnistParser(
@"D:\Dropbox\DP\data\train-images.bin",
@"D:\Dropbox\DP\data\train-labels.bin",
@"D:\Dropbox\DP\data\test-images.bin",
@"D:\Dropbox\DP\data\test-labels.bin");
parser.ParseData(60000);
parser.ParseDataTest(10000);
ihdr = new IHDR();
List <MNISTParserLib.Sample> mnistSamples = parser.Samples;
foreach (var item in mnistSamples)
{
ihdr.AddSample(item.GetAttributesArray(), (double)item.Label);
}
foreach (var item in parser.SamplesTest)
{
ihdr.AddTestingSample(item.GetAttributesArray(), (double)item.Label);
}
}
private static void Write(string apng, byte[] signature, IHDR ihdr, acTL actl, byte[] idat,
fcTL[] fctl, fdAT[] fdat, IEND iend)
{
BinaryWriter bw = new BinaryWriter(new FileStream(apng, FileMode.Create));
bw.Write(signature);
bw.Write(ihdr.length);
bw.Write(ihdr.id);
bw.Write(ihdr.width);
bw.Write(ihdr.height);
bw.Write(ihdr.depth);
bw.Write(ihdr.colour_type);
bw.Write(ihdr.compression);
bw.Write(ihdr.filter);
bw.Write(ihdr.interlace);
bw.Write(ihdr.crc);
bw.Write(actl.length);
bw.Write(actl.id);
bw.Write(actl.num_frames);
bw.Write(actl.num_plays);
bw.Write(actl.crc);
bw.Write(fctl[0].length);
bw.Write(fctl[0].id);
bw.Write(fctl[0].sequence_numer);
bw.Write(fctl[0].width);
bw.Write(fctl[0].height);
bw.Write(fctl[0].x_offset);
bw.Write(fctl[0].y_offset);
bw.Write(fctl[0].delay_num);
bw.Write(fctl[0].delay_den);
bw.Write(fctl[0].dispose_op);
bw.Write(fctl[0].blend_op);
bw.Write(fctl[0].crc);
bw.Write(idat);
for (int i = 0; i < fdat.Length; i++)
{
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].length);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].id);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].sequence_numer);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].width);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].height);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].x_offset);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].y_offset);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].delay_num);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].delay_den);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].dispose_op);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].blend_op);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].crc);
bw.Write(fdat[i].length);
bw.Write(fdat[i].id);
bw.Write(fdat[i].sequence_number);
bw.Write(fdat[i].data);
bw.Write(fdat[i].crc);
}
bw.Write(iend.length);
bw.Write(iend.id);
bw.Write(iend.crc);
bw.Flush();
bw.Close();
}
private static IHDR Read_IHDR(string png)
{
BinaryReader br = new BinaryReader(new FileStream(png, FileMode.Open));
br.BaseStream.Position = 0x08;
IHDR ihdr = new IHDR();
ihdr.length = br.ReadBytes(4);
ihdr.id = br.ReadBytes(4);
ihdr.width = br.ReadUInt32();
ihdr.height = br.ReadUInt32();
ihdr.depth = br.ReadByte();
ihdr.colour_type = br.ReadByte();
ihdr.compression = br.ReadByte();
ihdr.filter = br.ReadByte();
ihdr.interlace = br.ReadByte();
ihdr.crc = br.ReadBytes(4);
br.Close();
return ihdr;
}
public override (string FileType, bool IsValid, string[] AnalysisNotes) Analyze(byte[] data)
{
try
{
if (data == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(data));
}
using var ms = new MemoryStream(data);
var fileMagic = new byte[FileMagicBytes.Length];
ms.Read(fileMagic, 0, fileMagic.Length);
if (!fileMagic.SequenceEqual(FileMagicBytes))
{
return(string.Empty, false, null);
}
// Skip the first 7 bytes from the header
ms.Seek(FileMagicBytes.Length, SeekOrigin.Begin);
while (ms.Position != data.Length)
{
var chunkInfo = new byte[ChunkInfoSize];
ms.Read(chunkInfo, 0, chunkInfo.Length);
var chunkSize = chunkInfo.ToInt32();
var chunkIdBytes = new byte[ChunkIdSize];
ms.Read(chunkIdBytes, 0, ChunkIdSize);
var chunkId = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(chunkIdBytes);
var chunk = new byte[chunkSize];
ms.Read(chunk, 0, chunkSize);
switch (chunkId)
{
case nameof(IHDR):
var header = new IHDR(chunk);
// Payload exceeds length
if (data.Length <= (header.Width * header.Height * MaxByteDepth) + ms.Position)
{
break;
}
return(FileType, false, new[] { "SUSPICIOUS: Payload is larger than what the size should be" });
case nameof(IDAT):
// Build Embedded file from the chunks
break;
case nameof(IEND):
// Note that the PNG had an end
break;
}
}
return(FileType, true, null);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Log.Error($"PNGParser::Analyze: Failed to process {ex}");
return(string.Empty, false, new [] { ex.ToString() });
}
}
/// <summary>
/// PNGファイルを展開します。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">展開するPNGファイルのパスを設定します。</param>
/// <param name="imageList">展開した画像データを格納するコレクションを設定します。</param>
/// <returns>画像のサイズとアニメーションの再生回数を返します。</returns>
public (int width, int height, int times) Decode(string path, List <FrameModel> imageList)
{
var chunks = new List <string>();
var images = new List <byte[]>();
var frames = new List <fcTL>();
byte[] buffer;
bool hasIHDR = false;
bool hasPLTE = false;
bool hasACTL = false;
bool hasIEND = false;
var ImageHeader = new IHDR();
var AnimationControl = new acTL();
bool isIdatFrame = false;
int sequence = 0;
bool isFCTL = false;
imageList.Clear();
using (var stream = File.Open(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read))
{
// PNGヘッダをスキップ
stream.Seek(Signature.Length, SeekOrigin.Begin);
var offset = Signature.Length;
while (!hasIEND)
{
// チャンクを読み取り
var length = ReadUINT(stream);
buffer = ReadBytes(stream, (int)(length + 4));
var type = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer.Take(4).ToArray());
var crc = ReadUINT(stream);
// CRCチェック
var calcCRC = new CRC32();
calcCRC.SlurpBlock(buffer, 0, (int)(length + 4));
if (crc != (uint)calcCRC.Crc32Result)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "CRCが一致していません");
}
switch (type)
{
case "IHDR":
// イメージヘッダ読み取り
if (hasIHDR)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "チャンクが複数存在しています");
}
if (chunks.Count > 0)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "チャンクの位置が不正です");
}
ImageHeader.Width = ReadUINT(buffer, 4);
ImageHeader.Height = ReadUINT(buffer, 8);
ImageHeader.BitDepth = buffer[12];
ImageHeader.ColorType = (ColorType)buffer[13];
ImageHeader.CompressionMethod = buffer[14];
ImageHeader.FilterMethod = buffer[15];
ImageHeader.InterlaceMethod = (InterlaceMethod)buffer[16];
if (ImageHeader.Width == 0 || ImageHeader.Height == 0)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "画像のサイズが不正です");
}
if (!Enum.IsDefined(typeof(ColorType), ImageHeader.ColorType) ||
!AllowBitDepth.ContainsKey(ImageHeader.ColorType) ||
!AllowBitDepth[ImageHeader.ColorType].Contains(ImageHeader.BitDepth))
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "カラーモードとビット深度の組み合わせが不正です");
}
if (ImageHeader.CompressionMethod != 0)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "圧縮手法の値が不正です");
}
if (ImageHeader.FilterMethod != 0)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "フィルター手法の値が不正です");
}
if (!Enum.IsDefined(typeof(InterlaceMethod), ImageHeader.InterlaceMethod))
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "インターレース手法の値が不正です");
}
hasIHDR = true;
break;
case "PLTE":
// パレット読み取り
if (hasPLTE)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "チャンクが複数存在しています");
}
//
// パレット読み込み処理
//
hasPLTE = true;
break;
case "IDAT":
// イメージデータ読み取り
var idat = buffer.Skip(4).Take(buffer.Length - 4).ToArray();
if (chunks[chunks.Count - 1] != type)
{
if (images.Count != 0)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "非連続なチャンクが存在しています");
}
images.Add(idat);
if (hasACTL && frames.Count == 1)
{
isIdatFrame = true;
}
}
else
{
images[images.Count - 1] = images[images.Count - 1].Concat(idat).ToArray();
}
if (hasACTL)
{
isFCTL = false;
}
break;
case "acTL":
// アニメーションコントロール読み取り
if (hasACTL)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "チャンクが複数存在しています");
}
if (images.Count != 0)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "チャンクの位置が不正です");
}
AnimationControl.NumFrames = ReadUINT(buffer, 4);
AnimationControl.NumPlays = ReadUINT(buffer, 8);
if (AnimationControl.NumFrames == 0)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "アニメーションフレーム数が0です");
}
hasACTL = true;
break;
case "fcTL":
// フレームコントロール読み取り
if (isFCTL)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "フレームコントロールが連続しています");
}
var fctl = new fcTL()
{
SequenceNumber = ReadUINT(buffer, 4),
Width = ReadUINT(buffer, 8),
Height = ReadUINT(buffer, 12),
XOffset = ReadUINT(buffer, 16),
YOffset = ReadUINT(buffer, 20),
DelayNum = ReadWORD(buffer, 24),
DelayDen = ReadWORD(buffer, 26),
DisposeOp = (DisposeOp)buffer[28],
BlendOp = (BlendOp)buffer[29]
};
if (frames.Count == 0 && sequence != 0)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "最初のチャンクの位置が不正です");
}
if (fctl.SequenceNumber != sequence)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "シーケンス番号が不正です");
}
if (frames.Count == 0 && (fctl.Width != ImageHeader.Width || fctl.Height != ImageHeader.Height || fctl.XOffset != 0 || fctl.YOffset != 0))
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "1枚目のアニメーションフレームのサイズが不正です");
}
if (fctl.Width == 0 || fctl.Height == 0 || fctl.XOffset + fctl.Width > ImageHeader.Width || fctl.YOffset + fctl.Height > ImageHeader.Height)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "アニメーションフレームのサイズが不正です");
}
if (!Enum.IsDefined(typeof(DisposeOp), fctl.DisposeOp))
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "フレーム描画後の処理方法の値が不正です");
}
if (!Enum.IsDefined(typeof(BlendOp), fctl.BlendOp))
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "フレーム描画方法の値が不正です");
}
if (fctl.DelayDen == 0)
{
fctl.DelayDen = 100;
}
frames.Add(fctl);
sequence++;
isFCTL = true;
break;
case "fdAT":
// フレームデータ読み取り
if (!isFCTL)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "対応するフレームコントロールが存在しません");
}
var seq = ReadUINT(buffer, 4);
if (seq != sequence)
{
throw CreateEx(type, offset, "シーケンス番号が不正です");
}
var fdat = buffer.Skip(8).Take(buffer.Length - 8).ToArray();
if (chunks[chunks.Count - 1] != type)
{
images.Add(fdat);
}
else
{
images[images.Count - 1] = images[images.Count - 1].Concat(fdat).ToArray();
}
sequence++;
isFCTL = false;
break;
case "IEND":
hasIEND = true;
break;
}
chunks.Add(type);
offset += buffer.Length + 8;
}
}
// 必須チャンクチェック
if (!hasIHDR || !hasIEND || (!hasPLTE && ImageHeader.ColorType == ColorType.Palette))
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("必須チャンクが存在しません");
}
// 不要チャンクチェック
if (hasPLTE && (ImageHeader.ColorType == ColorType.Grayscale || ImageHeader.ColorType == ColorType.GrayscaleAlpha))
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("不要なチャンクが存在しています");
}
// フレーム数チェック
if (hasACTL && (AnimationControl.NumFrames != frames.Count || AnimationControl.NumFrames != images.Count - (isIdatFrame ? 0 : 1)))
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("アニメーションフレーム数が不正です");
}
// イメージデータチェック
if (images.Count == 0)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("イメージデータが存在しません");
}
// イメージデータ展開
if (hasACTL)
{
// APNG
for (var i = 0; i < frames.Count; i++)
{
imageList.Add(new FrameModel()
{
XOffset = (int)frames[i].XOffset,
YOffset = (int)frames[i].YOffset,
Width = (int)frames[i].Width,
Height = (int)frames[i].Height,
Delay = frames[i].DelayNum * 1000 / frames[i].DelayDen,
Dispose = frames[i].DisposeOp == DisposeOp.APNG_DISPOSE_OP_NONE ? FrameModel.DisposeMode.None : frames[i].DisposeOp == DisposeOp.APNG_DISPOSE_OP_BACKGROUND ? FrameModel.DisposeMode.Background : FrameModel.DisposeMode.Previous,
Blend = frames[i].BlendOp == BlendOp.APNG_BLEND_OP_SOURCE ? FrameModel.BlendMode.Normal : FrameModel.BlendMode.AlphaBlending,
Data = Unfilter(ZlibStream.UncompressBuffer(images[i + (isIdatFrame ? 0 : 1)]), (int)frames[i].Width, (int)frames[i].Height, ImageHeader.ColorType)
});
}
}
else
{
// PNG
imageList.Add(new FrameModel()
{
Width = (int)ImageHeader.Width,
Height = (int)ImageHeader.Height,
Data = Unfilter(ZlibStream.UncompressBuffer(images[0]), (int)ImageHeader.Width, (int)ImageHeader.Height, ImageHeader.ColorType)
});
}
return(width : (int)ImageHeader.Width, height : (int)ImageHeader.Height, times : (int)(hasACTL ? AnimationControl.NumPlays : 0));
private static void Write(string apng, byte[] signature, IHDR ihdr, acTL actl, byte[] idat,
fcTL[] fctl, fdAT[] fdat, IEND iend)
{
BinaryWriter bw = new BinaryWriter(new FileStream(apng, FileMode.Create));
bw.Write(signature);
bw.Write(ihdr.length);
bw.Write(ihdr.id);
bw.Write(ihdr.width);
bw.Write(ihdr.height);
bw.Write(ihdr.depth);
bw.Write(ihdr.colour_type);
bw.Write(ihdr.compression);
bw.Write(ihdr.filter);
bw.Write(ihdr.interlace);
bw.Write(ihdr.crc);
bw.Write(actl.length);
bw.Write(actl.id);
bw.Write(actl.num_frames);
bw.Write(actl.num_plays);
bw.Write(actl.crc);
bw.Write(fctl[0].length);
bw.Write(fctl[0].id);
bw.Write(fctl[0].sequence_numer);
bw.Write(fctl[0].width);
bw.Write(fctl[0].height);
bw.Write(fctl[0].x_offset);
bw.Write(fctl[0].y_offset);
bw.Write(fctl[0].delay_num);
bw.Write(fctl[0].delay_den);
bw.Write(fctl[0].dispose_op);
bw.Write(fctl[0].blend_op);
bw.Write(fctl[0].crc);
bw.Write(idat);
for (int i = 0; i < fdat.Length; i++)
{
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].length);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].id);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].sequence_numer);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].width);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].height);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].x_offset);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].y_offset);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].delay_num);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].delay_den);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].dispose_op);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].blend_op);
bw.Write(fctl[i + 1].crc);
bw.Write(fdat[i].length);
bw.Write(fdat[i].id);
bw.Write(fdat[i].sequence_number);
bw.Write(fdat[i].data);
bw.Write(fdat[i].crc);
}
bw.Write(iend.length);
bw.Write(iend.id);
bw.Write(iend.crc);
bw.Flush();
bw.Close();
}
public fcTL(IHDR ihdr)
{
}