public static float ToFloat(bool negative, AdjustedMantissa am)
{
float d;
ulong word = am.mantissa;
word |= (ulong)(am.power2) << FloatBinaryConstants.mantissa_explicit_bits;
word = negative ? word | ((ulong)(1) << FloatBinaryConstants.sign_index) : word;
unsafe
{
Buffer.MemoryCopy(&word, &d, sizeof(float), sizeof(float));
}
return(d);
}
unsafe static internal float ParseNumber(char *first, char *last, chars_format expectedFormat = chars_format.is_general, char decimal_separator = '.')
{
while ((first != last) && Utils.is_space((byte)(*first)))
{
first++;
}
if (first == last)
{
throw new ArgumentException();
}
ParsedNumberString pns = ParseNumberString(first, last, expectedFormat);
if (!pns.valid)
{
return(HandleInvalidInput(first, last));
}
// Next is Clinger's fast path.
if (FloatBinaryConstants.min_exponent_fast_path <= pns.exponent && pns.exponent <= FloatBinaryConstants.max_exponent_fast_path && pns.mantissa <= FloatBinaryConstants.max_mantissa_fast_path && !pns.too_many_digits)
{
return(FastPath(pns));
}
AdjustedMantissa am = ComputeFloat(pns.exponent, pns.mantissa);
if (pns.too_many_digits)
{
if (am != ComputeFloat(pns.exponent, pns.mantissa + 1))
{
am.power2 = -1; // value is invalid.
}
}
// If we called compute_float<binary_format<T>>(pns.exponent, pns.mantissa) and we have an invalid power (am.power2 < 0),
// then we need to go the long way around again. This is very uncommon.
if (am.power2 < 0)
{
am = ParseLongMantissa(first, last, decimal_separator);
}
return(ToFloat(pns.negative, am));
}
internal static AdjustedMantissa ComputeFloat(DecimalInfo d)
{
AdjustedMantissa answer = new AdjustedMantissa();
if (d.num_digits == 0)
{
// should be zero
answer.power2 = 0;
answer.mantissa = 0;
return(answer);
}
// At this point, going further, we can assume that d.num_digits > 0.
//
// We want to guard against excessive decimal point values because
// they can result in long running times. Indeed, we do
// shifts by at most 60 bits. We have that log(10**400)/log(2**60) ~= 22
// which is fine, but log(10**299995)/log(2**60) ~= 16609 which is not
// fine (runs for a long time).
//
if (d.decimal_point < -324)
{
// We have something smaller than 1e-324 which is always zero
// in binary64 and binary32.
// It should be zero.
answer.power2 = 0;
answer.mantissa = 0;
return(answer);
}
else if (d.decimal_point >= 310)
{
// We have something at least as large as 0.1e310 which is
// always infinite.
answer.power2 = FloatBinaryConstants.infinite_power;
answer.mantissa = 0;
return(answer);
}
const int max_shift = 60;
const uint num_powers = 19;
ReadOnlySpan <byte> powers = new byte[] {
0, 3, 6, 9, 13, 16, 19, 23, 26, 29, //
33, 36, 39, 43, 46, 49, 53, 56, 59, //
};
int exp2 = 0;
while (d.decimal_point > 0)
{
uint n = (uint)(d.decimal_point);
int shift = (n < num_powers) ? powers[(int)n] : max_shift;
d.decimal_right_shift(shift);
if (d.decimal_point < -Constants.decimal_point_range)
{
// should be zero
answer.power2 = 0;
answer.mantissa = 0;
return(answer);
}
exp2 += (int)(shift);
}
// We shift left toward [1/2 ... 1].
while (d.decimal_point <= 0)
{
int shift;
if (d.decimal_point == 0)
{
if (d.digits[0] >= 5)
{
break;
}
if (d.digits[0] < 2)
{
shift = 2;
}
else
{
shift = 1;
}
}
else
{
uint n = (uint)(-d.decimal_point);
shift = (n < num_powers) ? powers[(int)n] : max_shift;
}
d.decimal_left_shift(shift);
if (d.decimal_point > Constants.decimal_point_range)
{
// we want to get infinity:
answer.power2 = FloatBinaryConstants.infinite_power;
answer.mantissa = 0;
return(answer);
}
exp2 -= (int)(shift);
}
// We are now in the range [1/2 ... 1] but the binary format uses [1 ... 2].
exp2--;
int min_exp = FloatBinaryConstants.minimum_exponent;
while ((min_exp + 1) > exp2)
{
int n = (int)((min_exp + 1) - exp2);
if (n > max_shift)
{
n = max_shift;
}
d.decimal_right_shift(n);
exp2 += (int)(n);
}
if ((exp2 - min_exp) >= FloatBinaryConstants.infinite_power)
{
answer.power2 = FloatBinaryConstants.infinite_power;
answer.mantissa = 0;
return(answer);
}
int mantissa_size_in_bits = FloatBinaryConstants.mantissa_explicit_bits + 1;
d.decimal_left_shift((int)mantissa_size_in_bits);
ulong mantissa = d.round();
// It is possible that we have an overflow, in which case we need
// to shift back.
if (mantissa >= ((ulong)(1) << mantissa_size_in_bits))
{
d.decimal_right_shift(1);
exp2 += 1;
mantissa = d.round();
if ((exp2 - min_exp) >= FloatBinaryConstants.infinite_power)
{
answer.power2 = FloatBinaryConstants.infinite_power;
answer.mantissa = 0;
return(answer);
}
}
answer.power2 = exp2 - min_exp;
if (mantissa < ((ulong)(1) << FloatBinaryConstants.mantissa_explicit_bits))
{
answer.power2--;
}
answer.mantissa = mantissa & (((ulong)(1) << FloatBinaryConstants.mantissa_explicit_bits) - 1);
return(answer);
}
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="q"></param>
/// <param name="w"></param>
///
/// <returns></returns>
internal static AdjustedMantissa ComputeFloat(long q, ulong w)
{
var answer = new AdjustedMantissa();
if ((w == 0) || (q < FloatBinaryConstants.smallest_power_of_ten))
{
answer.power2 = 0;
answer.mantissa = 0;
// result should be zero
return(answer);
}
if (q > FloatBinaryConstants.largest_power_of_ten)
{
// we want to get infinity:
answer.power2 = FloatBinaryConstants.infinite_power;
answer.mantissa = 0;
return(answer);
}
// At this point in time q is in [smallest_power_of_five, largest_power_of_five].
// We want the most significant bit of i to be 1. Shift if needed.
int lz = BitOperations.LeadingZeroCount(w);
w <<= lz;
// The required precision is mantissa_explicit_bits() + 3 because
// 1. We need the implicit bit
// 2. We need an extra bit for rounding purposes
// 3. We might lose a bit due to the "upperbit" routine (result too small, requiring a shift)
value128 product = Utils.compute_product_approximation(FloatBinaryConstants.mantissa_explicit_bits + 3, q, w);
if (product.low == 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
{ // could guard it further
// In some very rare cases, this could happen, in which case we might need a more accurate
// computation that what we can provide cheaply. This is very, very unlikely.
//
bool inside_safe_exponent = (q >= -27) && (q <= 55); // always good because 5**q <2**128 when q>=0,
// and otherwise, for q<0, we have 5**-q<2**64 and the 128-bit reciprocal allows for exact computation.
if (!inside_safe_exponent)
{
answer.power2 = -1; // This (a negative value) indicates an error condition.
return(answer);
}
}
// The "compute_product_approximation" function can be slightly slower than a branchless approach:
// value128 product = compute_product(q, w);
// but in practice, we can win big with the compute_product_approximation if its additional branch
// is easily predicted. Which is best is data specific.
int upperbit = (int)(product.high >> 63);
answer.mantissa = product.high >> (upperbit + 64 - FloatBinaryConstants.mantissa_explicit_bits - 3);
answer.power2 = (int)(Utils.power((int)(q)) + upperbit - lz - FloatBinaryConstants.minimum_exponent);
if (answer.power2 <= 0)
{ // we have a subnormal?
// Here have that answer.power2 <= 0 so -answer.power2 >= 0
if (-answer.power2 + 1 >= 64)
{ // if we have more than 64 bits below the minimum exponent, you have a zero for sure.
answer.power2 = 0;
answer.mantissa = 0;
// result should be zero
return(answer);
}
// next line is safe because -answer.power2 + 1 < 64
answer.mantissa >>= -answer.power2 + 1;
// Thankfully, we can't have both "round-to-even" and subnormals because
// "round-to-even" only occurs for powers close to 0.
answer.mantissa += (answer.mantissa & 1); // round up
answer.mantissa >>= 1;
// There is a weird scenario where we don't have a subnormal but just.
// Suppose we start with 2.2250738585072013e-308, we end up
// with 0x3fffffffffffff x 2^-1023-53 which is technically subnormal
// whereas 0x40000000000000 x 2^-1023-53 is normal. Now, we need to round
// up 0x3fffffffffffff x 2^-1023-53 and once we do, we are no longer
// subnormal, but we can only know this after rounding.
// So we only declare a subnormal if we are smaller than the threshold.
answer.power2 = (answer.mantissa < ((ulong)(1) << FloatBinaryConstants.mantissa_explicit_bits)) ? 0 : 1;
return(answer);
}
// usually, we round *up*, but if we fall right in between and and we have an
// even basis, we need to round down
// We are only concerned with the cases where 5**q fits in single 64-bit word.
if ((product.low <= 1) && (q >= FloatBinaryConstants.min_exponent_round_to_even) && (q <= FloatBinaryConstants.max_exponent_round_to_even) &&
((answer.mantissa & 3) == 1))
{ // we may fall between two floats!
// To be in-between two floats we need that in doing
// answer.mantissa = product.high >> (upperbit + 64 - mantissa_explicit_bits() - 3);
// ... we dropped out only zeroes. But if this happened, then we can go back!!!
if ((answer.mantissa << (upperbit + 64 - FloatBinaryConstants.mantissa_explicit_bits - 3)) == product.high)
{
answer.mantissa &= ~(ulong)(1); // flip it so that we do not round up
}
}
answer.mantissa += (answer.mantissa & 1); // round up
answer.mantissa >>= 1;
if (answer.mantissa >= ((ulong)(2) << FloatBinaryConstants.mantissa_explicit_bits))
{
answer.mantissa = ((ulong)(1) << FloatBinaryConstants.mantissa_explicit_bits);
answer.power2++; // undo previous addition
}
answer.mantissa &= ~((ulong)(1) << FloatBinaryConstants.mantissa_explicit_bits);
if (answer.power2 >= FloatBinaryConstants.infinite_power)
{ // infinity
answer.power2 = FloatBinaryConstants.infinite_power;
answer.mantissa = 0;
}
return(answer);
}