private static MachineState EmulateOpcode(ICollection <ReportItem> reportItems,
MachineState machineState,
Byte[] code)
{
var state = machineState;
RegisterName sourceRegister, destinationRegister;
AbstractValue sourceValue;
Int32 index;
var encoding = opcode.GetEncodingFor(code);
var op = opcode.GetOperatorEffectFor(code);
switch (encoding)
{
case OpcodeEncoding.rAxIv:
case OpcodeEncoding.rAxIz:
{
destinationRegister = opcode.GetDestinationRegisterFor(code);
var immediate = opcode.GetImmediateFor(code);
state = state.DoOperation(destinationRegister, op, new AbstractValue(immediate));
return(state);
}
case OpcodeEncoding.rAxOv:
{
state.Registers[RegisterName.EAX] = state.DataSegment[BitMath.BytesToDword(code, 1)];
return(state);
}
case OpcodeEncoding.rBP:
case OpcodeEncoding.rSI:
case OpcodeEncoding.rSP:
case OpcodeEncoding.rAX:
case OpcodeEncoding.rBX:
case OpcodeEncoding.rCX:
case OpcodeEncoding.rDX:
case OpcodeEncoding.Iz:
{
return(emulateStackEffectFor(code, state));
}
case OpcodeEncoding.EvIz:
case OpcodeEncoding.EvIb:
case OpcodeEncoding.EbIb:
case OpcodeEncoding.EvGv:
case OpcodeEncoding.EbGb:
{
destinationRegister = opcode.GetDestinationRegisterFor(code);
index = 0;
if (ModRM.HasIndex(code))
{
index = ModRM.GetIndexFor(code);
}
if (opcode.HasImmediate(code))
{
sourceValue = new AbstractValue(opcode.GetImmediateFor(code));
}
else
{
sourceRegister = ModRM.GetGvFor(code);
sourceValue = state.Registers[sourceRegister];
}
////if (ModRM.HasOffset(code))
////{
//// UInt32 offset = ModRM.GetOffsetFor(code);
//// state.DataSegment[offset] = sourceValue;
//// return state;
////}
if (ModRM.IsEffectiveAddressDereferenced(code))
{
if (!state.Registers[destinationRegister].IsPointer)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException(
"Trying to dereference non-pointer in register " + destinationRegister
);
}
state = state.DoOperation(destinationRegister, index, op, sourceValue);
if (state.Registers[destinationRegister].PointsTo[index].IsOutOfBounds)
{
reportItems.Add(new ReportItem(state.InstructionPointer, sourceValue.IsTainted));
}
}
else
{
state = state.DoOperation(destinationRegister, op, sourceValue);
if (state.Registers[destinationRegister].IsOutOfBounds)
{
reportItems.Add(new ReportItem(state.InstructionPointer, sourceValue.IsTainted));
}
}
return(state);
}
case OpcodeEncoding.GvEv:
case OpcodeEncoding.GvEb:
{
sourceRegister = ModRM.GetEvFor(code);
destinationRegister = ModRM.GetGvFor(code);
sourceValue = state.Registers[sourceRegister];
if (ModRM.HasOffset(code))
{
var offset = ModRM.GetOffsetFor(code);
sourceValue = state.DataSegment[offset];
}
else if (ModRM.IsEffectiveAddressDereferenced(code))
{
if (!sourceValue.IsPointer)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException(
String.Format("Trying to dereference null pointer in register {0}.", sourceRegister));
}
index = 0;
if (ModRM.HasIndex(code))
{
index = ModRM.GetIndexFor(code);
}
sourceValue = sourceValue.PointsTo[index];
if (sourceValue.IsOutOfBounds)
{
reportItems.Add(new ReportItem(state.InstructionPointer, sourceValue.IsTainted));
}
}
state = state.DoOperation(destinationRegister, op, sourceValue);
return(state);
}
case OpcodeEncoding.GvM:
{
// GvM, M may refer to [base register + offset]
if (!ModRM.IsEffectiveAddressDereferenced(code))
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("GvM must be dereferenced");
}
destinationRegister = opcode.GetDestinationRegisterFor(code);
AbstractValue baseRegisterValue;
index = 0;
// TODO: handle the [dword] special case
if (ModRM.HasSIB(code))
{
var scaledRegisterValue = state.Registers[SIB.GetScaledRegister(code)].Value;
var scaler = SIB.GetScaler(code);
baseRegisterValue = state.Registers[SIB.GetBaseRegister(code)];
index = (Int32)(scaledRegisterValue * scaler);
}
else
{
sourceRegister = ModRM.GetEvFor(code);
if (ModRM.HasIndex(code))
{
index = ModRM.GetIndexFor(code);
}
baseRegisterValue = state.Registers[sourceRegister];
}
// TODO: review these casts of index for possible elimination
sourceValue = new AbstractValue(
baseRegisterValue.PointsTo.DoOperation(
OperatorEffect.Add,
new AbstractValue((UInt32)index)
)
);
state = state.DoOperation(destinationRegister, OperatorEffect.Assignment, sourceValue);
if (state.Registers[destinationRegister].IsOutOfBounds)
{
var reportItem = new ReportItem(state.InstructionPointer, sourceValue.IsTainted);
reportItems.Add(reportItem);
}
return(state);
}
case OpcodeEncoding.ObAL:
{
var dwordValue = state.Registers[RegisterName.EAX];
var byteValue = dwordValue.TruncateValueToByte();
var offset = BitMath.BytesToDword(code, 1);
if (!state.DataSegment.ContainsKey(offset))
{
state.DataSegment[offset] = new AbstractValue();
}
state = state.DoOperation(offset, op, byteValue);
return(state);
}
case OpcodeEncoding.Jz:
{
// TODO: should push EIP + code.Length onto stack
var contractSatisfied = false;
var mallocContract = new MallocContract();
var glibcStartMainContract = new GLibcStartMainContract();
var contracts = new List <Contract>
{
mallocContract,
glibcStartMainContract
};
foreach (var contract in contracts)
{
if (contract.IsSatisfiedBy(state, code))
{
contractSatisfied = true;
state = contract.Execute(state);
}
}
if (!contractSatisfied)
{
var returnAddress = state.InstructionPointer + (UInt32)code.Length;
state = state.PushOntoStack(new AbstractValue(returnAddress));
state.InstructionPointer = opcode.GetEffectiveAddress(code, state.InstructionPointer);
}
return(state);
}
case OpcodeEncoding.Jb:
{
var offset = code[1];
state = state.DoOperation(op, new AbstractValue(offset));
state.InstructionPointer += opcode.GetInstructionLengthFor(code);
return(state);
}
case OpcodeEncoding.None:
{
return(state);
}
default:
{
throw new InvalidOpcodeException(code);
}
}
}
private static MachineState EmulateOpcode(ICollection<ReportItem> reportItems,
MachineState machineState,
Byte[] code)
{
var state = machineState;
RegisterName sourceRegister, destinationRegister;
AbstractValue sourceValue;
Int32 index;
var encoding = opcode.GetEncodingFor(code);
var op = opcode.GetOperatorEffectFor(code);
switch (encoding)
{
case OpcodeEncoding.rAxIv:
case OpcodeEncoding.rAxIz:
{
destinationRegister = opcode.GetDestinationRegisterFor(code);
var immediate = opcode.GetImmediateFor(code);
state = state.DoOperation(destinationRegister, op, new AbstractValue(immediate));
return state;
}
case OpcodeEncoding.rAxOv:
{
state.Registers[RegisterName.EAX] = state.DataSegment[BitMath.BytesToDword(code, 1)];
return state;
}
case OpcodeEncoding.rBP:
case OpcodeEncoding.rSI:
case OpcodeEncoding.rSP:
case OpcodeEncoding.rAX:
case OpcodeEncoding.rBX:
case OpcodeEncoding.rCX:
case OpcodeEncoding.rDX:
case OpcodeEncoding.Iz:
{
return emulateStackEffectFor(code, state);
}
case OpcodeEncoding.EvIz:
case OpcodeEncoding.EvIb:
case OpcodeEncoding.EbIb:
case OpcodeEncoding.EvGv:
case OpcodeEncoding.EbGb:
{
destinationRegister = opcode.GetDestinationRegisterFor(code);
index = 0;
if (ModRM.HasIndex(code))
{
index = ModRM.GetIndexFor(code);
}
if (opcode.HasImmediate(code))
{
sourceValue = new AbstractValue(opcode.GetImmediateFor(code));
}
else
{
sourceRegister = ModRM.GetGvFor(code);
sourceValue = state.Registers[sourceRegister];
}
////if (ModRM.HasOffset(code))
////{
//// UInt32 offset = ModRM.GetOffsetFor(code);
//// state.DataSegment[offset] = sourceValue;
//// return state;
////}
if (ModRM.IsEffectiveAddressDereferenced(code))
{
if (!state.Registers[destinationRegister].IsPointer)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException(
"Trying to dereference non-pointer in register " + destinationRegister
);
}
state = state.DoOperation(destinationRegister, index, op, sourceValue);
if (state.Registers[destinationRegister].PointsTo[index].IsOutOfBounds)
{
reportItems.Add(new ReportItem(state.InstructionPointer, sourceValue.IsTainted));
}
}
else
{
state = state.DoOperation(destinationRegister, op, sourceValue);
if (state.Registers[destinationRegister].IsOutOfBounds)
{
reportItems.Add(new ReportItem(state.InstructionPointer, sourceValue.IsTainted));
}
}
return state;
}
case OpcodeEncoding.GvEv:
case OpcodeEncoding.GvEb:
{
sourceRegister = ModRM.GetEvFor(code);
destinationRegister = ModRM.GetGvFor(code);
sourceValue = state.Registers[sourceRegister];
if (ModRM.HasOffset(code))
{
var offset = ModRM.GetOffsetFor(code);
sourceValue = state.DataSegment[offset];
}
else if (ModRM.IsEffectiveAddressDereferenced(code))
{
if (!sourceValue.IsPointer)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException(
String.Format("Trying to dereference null pointer in register {0}.", sourceRegister));
}
index = 0;
if (ModRM.HasIndex(code))
{
index = ModRM.GetIndexFor(code);
}
sourceValue = sourceValue.PointsTo[index];
if (sourceValue.IsOutOfBounds)
{
reportItems.Add(new ReportItem(state.InstructionPointer, sourceValue.IsTainted));
}
}
state = state.DoOperation(destinationRegister, op, sourceValue);
return state;
}
case OpcodeEncoding.GvM:
{
// GvM, M may refer to [base register + offset]
if (!ModRM.IsEffectiveAddressDereferenced(code))
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("GvM must be dereferenced");
}
destinationRegister = opcode.GetDestinationRegisterFor(code);
AbstractValue baseRegisterValue;
index = 0;
// TODO: handle the [dword] special case
if (ModRM.HasSIB(code))
{
var scaledRegisterValue = state.Registers[SIB.GetScaledRegister(code)].Value;
var scaler = SIB.GetScaler(code);
baseRegisterValue = state.Registers[SIB.GetBaseRegister(code)];
index = (Int32)(scaledRegisterValue * scaler);
}
else
{
sourceRegister = ModRM.GetEvFor(code);
if (ModRM.HasIndex(code))
{
index = ModRM.GetIndexFor(code);
}
baseRegisterValue = state.Registers[sourceRegister];
}
// TODO: review these casts of index for possible elimination
sourceValue = new AbstractValue(
baseRegisterValue.PointsTo.DoOperation(
OperatorEffect.Add,
new AbstractValue((UInt32)index)
)
);
state = state.DoOperation(destinationRegister, OperatorEffect.Assignment, sourceValue);
if (state.Registers[destinationRegister].IsOutOfBounds)
{
var reportItem = new ReportItem(state.InstructionPointer, sourceValue.IsTainted);
reportItems.Add(reportItem);
}
return state;
}
case OpcodeEncoding.ObAL:
{
var dwordValue = state.Registers[RegisterName.EAX];
var byteValue = dwordValue.TruncateValueToByte();
var offset = BitMath.BytesToDword(code, 1);
if (!state.DataSegment.ContainsKey(offset))
{
state.DataSegment[offset] = new AbstractValue();
}
state = state.DoOperation(offset, op, byteValue);
return state;
}
case OpcodeEncoding.Jz:
{
// TODO: should push EIP + code.Length onto stack
var contractSatisfied = false;
var mallocContract = new MallocContract();
var glibcStartMainContract = new GLibcStartMainContract();
var contracts = new List<Contract>
{
mallocContract,
glibcStartMainContract
};
foreach (var contract in contracts)
{
if (contract.IsSatisfiedBy(state, code))
{
contractSatisfied = true;
state = contract.Execute(state);
}
}
if (!contractSatisfied)
{
var returnAddress = state.InstructionPointer + (UInt32)code.Length;
state = state.PushOntoStack(new AbstractValue(returnAddress));
state.InstructionPointer = opcode.GetEffectiveAddress(code, state.InstructionPointer);
}
return state;
}
case OpcodeEncoding.Jb:
{
var offset = code[1];
state = state.DoOperation(op, new AbstractValue(offset));
state.InstructionPointer += opcode.GetInstructionLengthFor(code);
return state;
}
case OpcodeEncoding.None:
{
return state;
}
default:
{
throw new InvalidOpcodeException(code);
}
}
}