public override void Visit(AST_nonleaf node)
{
printTag(node);
f.WriteLine();
int arity = node.NumChildren;
indent++;
for (int i = 0; i < arity; i++)
{
AST ch = node[i];
if (ch != null)
{
ch.Accept(this);
}
else
{
f.WriteLine("{0}-- missing child --", indentString(indent));
}
}
if (arity == 0)
{
f.WriteLine("{0}-- no children --", indentString(indent));
}
indent--;
}
public override void Visit( AST_nonleaf node )
{
printTag(node);
f.WriteLine();
int arity = node.NumChildren;
indent++;
for( int i = 0; i < arity; i++ ) {
AST ch = node[i];
if (ch != null)
ch.Accept(this);
else
f.WriteLine("{0}-- missing child --", indentString(indent));
}
if (arity == 0)
f.WriteLine("{0}-- no children --", indentString(indent));
indent--;
}
// check if child nodes are equal to "tleaf" value, then set the node type equal to "tnode"
private void basicTypeCheck( AST_nonleaf node, CbType tnode, bool arrays, bool structs, params CbType[] tleaves)
{
int children = node.NumChildren;
node.Type = CbType.Error;
bool err = false;
bool suppress = false;
CbType typ = null;
// determine if type of first child matches accepted list
node[0].Accept(this);
if (node[0].Type == CbType.Error)
{
typ = CbType.Error;
suppress = true;
}
else if (arrays && node[0].Type is CbArray || structs && node[0].Type is CbStruct)
typ = node[0].Type;
else
{
foreach (CbType tleaf in tleaves)
{
if (node[0].Type == tleaf)
{
typ = tleaf;
break;
}
}
if (typ == null)
err = true;
}
// determine if types of other children match the first
for (int i = 1; i < children; i++)
{
node[i].Accept(this);
if (node[i].Type == CbType.Error)
suppress = true;
if (node[i].Type != typ)
err = true;
}
if (err && !suppress)
{
if (children > 1)
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Cannot perform {0} operation on types '{1}' and '{2}'", node.Tag, node[0].Type, node[1].Type);
else
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Cannot perform {0} operation on type '{1}'", node.Tag, node[0].Type);
return;
}
if(tnode != null)
node.Type = tnode;
return;
}
public override void Visit( AST_nonleaf node )
{
int children = node.NumChildren;
switch(node.Tag) {
case NodeType.Program:
// do a multiple pre-pass over the declarations of structs, methods and consts
prePass(node[2]);
// now check that the using list is OK
node[0].Accept(this);
// now typecheck the bodies of method declarations
node[2].Accept(this);
break;
case NodeType.Const:
// get type of value
node[2].Accept(this);
CbType typact = node[2].Type;
// look up declared type (can only be int or string)
CbType typdec = lookUpIdenType(node[0]);
if (typdec != CbType.Int && typdec != CbType.String)
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Constants can only be of type int or string");
else if (typact != CbType.Int && typact != CbType.String)
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Constants must be set to a number or string constant");
else if (typdec != typact)
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Mismatched constant type declaration ({0} = {1})", typdec, typact);
break;
case NodeType.Struct:
// Nothing to do ... this has been handled by the prePass method below
break;
case NodeType.Method:
// We have to typecheck the method
localSymbols.Empty(); // clear the symbol table
node[2].Accept(this);
string name = ((AST_leaf)(node[1])).Sval;
CbMethod meth = getMethod(name, node[2], false);
if (meth == null)
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Unknown method encountered: ({0})", name);
}
else
{
// 1. initialize the symbol table with the formal parameters
CbType rettyp = meth.ResultType;
AST formals = node[2];
for (int i = 0; i < formals.NumChildren; i++)
{
SymTabEntry ste = localSymbols.Binding(((AST_leaf)formals[i][1]).Sval, node.LineNumber);
ste.Type = lookUpType(formals[i][0]);
}
// 2. visit the body of the method, type checking it
AST block = node[3];
block.Accept(this);
// check that return statements match return type of method
for (int i = 0; i < block.NumChildren; i++)
{
if (block[i].Tag == NodeType.Return && block[i].Type != rettyp)
ReportError(block[i].LineNumber, "Return statement type ({0}) doesn't match method return type ({1})", block[i].Type, rettyp);
}
}
break;
case NodeType.FieldDecl:
// Nothing to do ... this has been handled by the prePass method below
break;
case NodeType.Formal:
node.Type = lookUpType(node[0]);
// Nothing else to do ... this has been handled by the prePass method below
break;
case NodeType.Array:
node[0].Accept(this);
break;
case NodeType.LocalDecl:
CbType typ = lookUpType(node[0]);
// add identifiers to symbol table
AST idList = node[1];
for (int i = 0; i < idList.NumChildren; i++)
{
// check for duplicates
if (localSymbols.Lookup(((AST_leaf)idList[i]).Sval) != null)
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Duplicate variable declaration: {0}", ((AST_leaf)idList[i]).Sval);
else
localSymbols.Binding(((AST_leaf)idList[i]).Sval, node.LineNumber).Type = typ;
}
break;
case NodeType.Assign:
// check left side
node[0].Accept(this);
// check right side
node[1].Accept(this);
// check that right and left hand sides have the same type
if (node[0].Type != node[1].Type && node[0].Type != CbType.Error && node[1].Type != CbType.Error)
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Cannot convert from type {1} to {0}", node[0].Type, node[1].Type);
node.Type = node[0].Type;
break;
case NodeType.Call:
node.Type = CbType.Error;
// check parameters
node[1].Accept(this);
// find calling method name
string mname = null;
// check for cbio.write
if (node[0].Tag == NodeType.Dot)
{
if (node[0][0].Tag != NodeType.Ident || node[0][1].Tag != NodeType.Ident)
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Invalid method call");
else
mname = ((AST_leaf)node[0][0]).Sval + "." + ((AST_leaf)node[0][1]).Sval;
}
else
mname = ((AST_leaf)node[0]).Sval;
if (mname != null && node[1].Type != CbType.Error)
{
// check for valid method call
CbMethod method = getMethod(mname, node[1], true);
if (method != null)
node.Type = method.ResultType;
}
break;
case NodeType.PlusPlus:
basicTypeCheck(node, null, false, false, CbType.Int);
// no type declaration
break;
case NodeType.MinusMinus:
basicTypeCheck(node, null, false, false, CbType.Int);
// no type declaration
break;
case NodeType.If:
// check boolean parameter
node[0].Accept(this);
if(node[0].Type != CbType.Bool && node[0].Type != CbType.Error)
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Invalid boolean expression for if statement");
// now check the do statement
node[1].Accept(this);
// now check for the else statement
node[2].Accept(this);
// no type declaration
break;
case NodeType.While:
// check boolean parameter
node[0].Accept(this);
// now check the do statement
node[1].Accept(this);
if (node[0].Type != CbType.Bool)
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Invalid boolean expression for while statement");
// no type declaration
break;
case NodeType.Read:
// The two children should be the method 'cbio.read' and the variable v
// don't visit LHS, just check that call is to cbio.read and type of parameter is int
node[1].Accept(this);
if (node[0].Tag != NodeType.Dot || node[1].Type != CbType.Int || node[0][0].Tag != NodeType.Ident || node[0][1].Tag != NodeType.Ident
|| ((AST_leaf)node[0][0]).Sval != "cbio" || ((AST_leaf)node[0][1]).Sval != "read")
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Invalid read method call");
break;
case NodeType.Add:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Int, false, false, CbType.Int);
break;
case NodeType.Sub:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Int, false, false, CbType.Int);
break;
case NodeType.Mul:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Int, false, false, CbType.Int);
break;
case NodeType.Div:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Int, false, false, CbType.Int);
break;
case NodeType.Mod:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Int, false, false, CbType.Int);
break;
case NodeType.And:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Bool, false, false, CbType.Bool);
break;
case NodeType.Or:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Bool, false, false, CbType.Bool);
break;
case NodeType.Equals:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Bool, true, true, CbType.Int, CbType.String);
break;
case NodeType.NotEquals:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Bool, true, true, CbType.Int, CbType.String);
break;
case NodeType.LessThan:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Bool, false, false, CbType.Int, CbType.String);
break;
case NodeType.GreaterThan:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Bool, false, false, CbType.Int, CbType.String);
break;
case NodeType.LessOrEqual:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Bool, false, false, CbType.Int, CbType.String);
break;
case NodeType.GreaterOrEqual:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Bool, false, false, CbType.Int, CbType.String);
break;
case NodeType.UnaryMinus:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Int, false, false, CbType.Int);
break;
case NodeType.Dot:
// visit left hand side
node[0].Accept(this);
string rhs = ((AST_leaf)node[1]).Sval;
node.Type = CbType.Error;
// semantic check for string.Length or arr.Length
if (node[0].Type == CbType.String || node[0].Type is CbArray)
{
if (rhs == "Length")
node.Type = CbType.Int;
else
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Invalid usage of .Length");
}
else if (node[0].Type != CbType.Error)
{
if (node[0].Type is CbStruct)
{
// check fields of struct
string structname = ((CbStruct)node[0].Type).Name;
IDictionary<string, CbField> fields = ((CbStruct)node[0].Type).Fields;
CbField field;
if (fields.TryGetValue(rhs, out field))
node.Type = field.Type;
else
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Invalid field {0} of struct {1}", rhs, structname);
}
else
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Invalid usage of dot on type {0}", node[0].Type);
}
break;
case NodeType.NewStruct:
// look up type
node.Type = lookUpType(node[0]);
break;
case NodeType.NewArray:
// visit array size
node[1].Accept(this);
node.Type = CbType.Error;
// check array type
if (node[1].Type != CbType.Int && node[1].Type != CbType.Error)
{
ReportError(node[1].LineNumber, "Array size must be of type int");
}
else if (node[1].Type != CbType.Error)
{
// declare type
node.Type = CbType.Array(lookUpType(node[0]));
// check for invalid type
if (node.Type == CbType.Error)
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Invalid array type {0}", ((AST_leaf)node[0]).Sval);
}
break;
case NodeType.Index:
// visit LHS
node[0].Accept(this);
// visit RHS
node[1].Accept(this);
// perform error checking
node.Type = CbType.Error;
if (node[1].Type != CbType.Int && node[1].Type != CbType.Error)
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Array index type must be int, not {0}", node[1].Type);
else if (!(node[0].Type is CbArray) && node[0].Type != CbType.Error)
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Array indexing used on non-array type {0}", node[0].Type);
else if (node[0].Type != CbType.Error && node[1].Type != CbType.Error)
node.Type = ((CbArray)node[0].Type).ElementType;
break;
default:
throw new Exception("{0} is not a tag compatible with an AST_nonleaf node");
}
}
// check if child nodes are equal to "tleaf" value, then set the node type equal to "tnode"
private void basicTypeCheck(AST_nonleaf node, CbType tnode, bool arrays, bool structs, params CbType[] tleaves)
{
int children = node.NumChildren;
node.Type = CbType.Error;
bool err = false;
bool suppress = false;
CbType typ = null;
// determine if type of first child matches accepted list
node[0].Accept(this);
if (node[0].Type == CbType.Error)
{
typ = CbType.Error;
suppress = true;
}
else if (arrays && node[0].Type is CbArray || structs && node[0].Type is CbStruct)
{
typ = node[0].Type;
}
else
{
foreach (CbType tleaf in tleaves)
{
if (node[0].Type == tleaf)
{
typ = tleaf;
break;
}
}
if (typ == null)
{
err = true;
}
}
// determine if types of other children match the first
for (int i = 1; i < children; i++)
{
node[i].Accept(this);
if (node[i].Type == CbType.Error)
{
suppress = true;
}
if (node[i].Type != typ)
{
err = true;
}
}
if (err && !suppress)
{
if (children > 1)
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Cannot perform {0} operation on types '{1}' and '{2}'", node.Tag, node[0].Type, node[1].Type);
}
else
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Cannot perform {0} operation on type '{1}'", node.Tag, node[0].Type);
}
return;
}
if (tnode != null)
{
node.Type = tnode;
}
return;
}
public override void Visit(AST_nonleaf node)
{
int children = node.NumChildren;
switch (node.Tag)
{
case NodeType.Program:
// do a multiple pre-pass over the declarations of structs, methods and consts
prePass(node[2]);
// now check that the using list is OK
node[0].Accept(this);
// now typecheck the bodies of method declarations
node[2].Accept(this);
break;
case NodeType.Const:
// get type of value
node[2].Accept(this);
CbType typact = node[2].Type;
// look up declared type (can only be int or string)
CbType typdec = lookUpIdenType(node[0]);
if (typdec != CbType.Int && typdec != CbType.String)
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Constants can only be of type int or string");
}
else if (typact != CbType.Int && typact != CbType.String)
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Constants must be set to a number or string constant");
}
else if (typdec != typact)
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Mismatched constant type declaration ({0} = {1})", typdec, typact);
}
break;
case NodeType.Struct:
// Nothing to do ... this has been handled by the prePass method below
break;
case NodeType.Method:
// We have to typecheck the method
localSymbols.Empty(); // clear the symbol table
node[2].Accept(this);
string name = ((AST_leaf)(node[1])).Sval;
CbMethod meth = getMethod(name, node[2], false);
if (meth == null)
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Unknown method encountered: ({0})", name);
}
else
{
// 1. initialize the symbol table with the formal parameters
CbType rettyp = meth.ResultType;
AST formals = node[2];
for (int i = 0; i < formals.NumChildren; i++)
{
SymTabEntry ste = localSymbols.Binding(((AST_leaf)formals[i][1]).Sval, node.LineNumber);
ste.Type = lookUpType(formals[i][0]);
}
// 2. visit the body of the method, type checking it
AST block = node[3];
LocalVar = 0;
block.Accept(this);
// check that return statements match return type of method
for (int i = 0; i < block.NumChildren; i++)
{
if (block[i].Tag == NodeType.Return && block[i].Type != rettyp)
{
ReportError(block[i].LineNumber, "Return statement type ({0}) doesn't match method return type ({1})", block[i].Type, rettyp);
}
}
}
// set ival to local number of variables in method
((AST_leaf)(node[1])).Ival = LocalVar;
break;
case NodeType.FieldDecl:
// Nothing to do ... this has been handled by the prePass method below
break;
case NodeType.Formal:
node.Type = lookUpType(node[0]);
// Nothing else to do ... this has been handled by the prePass method below
break;
case NodeType.Array:
node[0].Accept(this);
break;
case NodeType.LocalDecl:
CbType typ = lookUpType(node[0]);
// add identifiers to symbol table
AST idList = node[1];
// add number of local variables to local list
LocalVar += idList.NumChildren;
for (int i = 0; i < idList.NumChildren; i++)
{
// check for duplicates
if (localSymbols.Lookup(((AST_leaf)idList[i]).Sval) != null)
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Duplicate variable declaration: {0}", ((AST_leaf)idList[i]).Sval);
}
else
{
localSymbols.Binding(((AST_leaf)idList[i]).Sval, node.LineNumber).Type = typ;
}
}
break;
case NodeType.Assign:
// check left side
node[0].Accept(this);
// check right side
node[1].Accept(this);
// check that right and left hand sides have the same type
if (node[0].Type != node[1].Type && node[0].Type != CbType.Error && node[1].Type != CbType.Error)
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Cannot convert from type {1} to {0}", node[0].Type, node[1].Type);
}
node.Type = node[0].Type;
break;
case NodeType.Call:
node.Type = CbType.Error;
// check parameters
node[1].Accept(this);
// find calling method name
string mname = null;
// check for cbio.write
if (node[0].Tag == NodeType.Dot)
{
if (node[0][0].Tag != NodeType.Ident || node[0][1].Tag != NodeType.Ident)
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Invalid method call");
}
else
{
mname = ((AST_leaf)node[0][0]).Sval + "." + ((AST_leaf)node[0][1]).Sval;
}
}
else
{
mname = ((AST_leaf)node[0]).Sval;
}
if (mname != null && node[1].Type != CbType.Error)
{
// check for valid method call
CbMethod method = getMethod(mname, node[1], true);
if (method != null)
{
node.Type = method.ResultType;
}
}
break;
case NodeType.PlusPlus:
basicTypeCheck(node, null, false, false, CbType.Int);
// no type declaration
break;
case NodeType.MinusMinus:
basicTypeCheck(node, null, false, false, CbType.Int);
// no type declaration
break;
case NodeType.If:
int temp1, temp2;
// check boolean parameter
node[0].Accept(this);
if (node[0].Type != CbType.Bool && node[0].Type != CbType.Error)
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Invalid boolean expression for if statement");
}
// store current # of local variables
temp1 = LocalVar;
LocalVar = 0;
// now check the do statement
node[1].Accept(this);
temp2 = LocalVar;
// now check for the else statement
node[2].Accept(this);
// add # of local variables of function to global variable
if (temp2 > LocalVar)
{
LocalVar = temp1 + temp2;
}
else
{
LocalVar = temp1 + LocalVar;
}
// no type declaration
break;
case NodeType.While:
// check boolean parameter
node[0].Accept(this);
// now check the do statement
node[1].Accept(this);
if (node[0].Type != CbType.Bool)
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Invalid boolean expression for while statement");
}
// no type declaration
break;
case NodeType.Read:
// The two children should be the method 'cbio.read' and the variable v
// don't visit LHS, just check that call is to cbio.read and type of parameter is int
node[1].Accept(this);
if (node[0].Tag != NodeType.Dot || node[1].Type != CbType.Int || node[0][0].Tag != NodeType.Ident || node[0][1].Tag != NodeType.Ident ||
((AST_leaf)node[0][0]).Sval != "cbio" || ((AST_leaf)node[0][1]).Sval != "read")
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Invalid read method call");
}
break;
case NodeType.Add:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Int, false, false, CbType.Int);
break;
case NodeType.Sub:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Int, false, false, CbType.Int);
break;
case NodeType.Mul:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Int, false, false, CbType.Int);
break;
case NodeType.Div:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Int, false, false, CbType.Int);
break;
case NodeType.Mod:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Int, false, false, CbType.Int);
break;
case NodeType.And:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Bool, false, false, CbType.Bool);
break;
case NodeType.Or:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Bool, false, false, CbType.Bool);
break;
case NodeType.Equals:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Bool, true, true, CbType.Int, CbType.String);
break;
case NodeType.NotEquals:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Bool, true, true, CbType.Int, CbType.String);
break;
case NodeType.LessThan:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Bool, false, false, CbType.Int, CbType.String);
break;
case NodeType.GreaterThan:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Bool, false, false, CbType.Int, CbType.String);
break;
case NodeType.LessOrEqual:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Bool, false, false, CbType.Int, CbType.String);
break;
case NodeType.GreaterOrEqual:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Bool, false, false, CbType.Int, CbType.String);
break;
case NodeType.UnaryMinus:
basicTypeCheck(node, CbType.Int, false, false, CbType.Int);
break;
case NodeType.Dot:
// visit left hand side
node[0].Accept(this);
string rhs = ((AST_leaf)node[1]).Sval;
node.Type = CbType.Error;
// semantic check for string.Length or arr.Length
if (node[0].Type == CbType.String || node[0].Type is CbArray)
{
if (rhs == "Length")
{
node.Type = CbType.Int;
}
else
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Invalid usage of .Length");
}
}
else if (node[0].Type != CbType.Error)
{
if (node[0].Type is CbStruct)
{
// check fields of struct
string structname = ((CbStruct)node[0].Type).Name;
IDictionary <string, CbField> fields = ((CbStruct)node[0].Type).Fields;
CbField field;
if (fields.TryGetValue(rhs, out field))
{
node.Type = field.Type;
}
else
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Invalid field {0} of struct {1}", rhs, structname);
}
}
else
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Invalid usage of dot on type {0}", node[0].Type);
}
}
break;
case NodeType.NewStruct:
// look up type
node.Type = lookUpType(node[0]);
break;
case NodeType.NewArray:
// visit array size
node[1].Accept(this);
node.Type = CbType.Error;
// check array type
if (node[1].Type != CbType.Int && node[1].Type != CbType.Error)
{
ReportError(node[1].LineNumber, "Array size must be of type int");
}
else if (node[1].Type != CbType.Error)
{
// declare type
node.Type = CbType.Array(lookUpType(node[0]));
// check for invalid type
if (node.Type == CbType.Error)
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Invalid array type {0}", ((AST_leaf)node[0]).Sval);
}
}
break;
case NodeType.Index:
// visit LHS
node[0].Accept(this);
// visit RHS
node[1].Accept(this);
// perform error checking
node.Type = CbType.Error;
if (node[1].Type != CbType.Int && node[1].Type != CbType.Error)
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Array index type must be int, not {0}", node[1].Type);
}
else if (!(node[0].Type is CbArray) && node[0].Type != CbType.Error)
{
ReportError(node[0].LineNumber, "Array indexing used on non-array type {0}", node[0].Type);
}
else if (node[0].Type != CbType.Error && node[1].Type != CbType.Error)
{
node.Type = ((CbArray)node[0].Type).ElementType;
}
break;
default:
throw new Exception("{0} is not a tag compatible with an AST_nonleaf node");
}
}
public virtual void Visit(AST_nonleaf n)
{
Console.WriteLine("Internal compiler error! This method should have been overridden");
}
public virtual void Visit(AST_nonleaf n)
{
Console.WriteLine("Internal compiler error! This method should have been overridden");
}