/**
        * Computes the Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse using the SVD method.
        *
        * Modified version of the original implementation by Kim van der Linde.
        */
        public static GeneralMatrix pinv(GeneralMatrix x)
        {
            if (x.Rank() < 1)
                return null;

            if (x.ColumnDimension > x.RowDimension)
                return pinv(x.Transpose()).Transpose();

            SingularValueDecomposition svdX = new SingularValueDecomposition(x);
            double[] singularValues = svdX.SingularValues;
            double tol = Math.Max(x.ColumnDimension, x.RowDimension)
                    * singularValues[0] * 2E-16;

            double[] singularValueReciprocals = new double[singularValues.Count()];
            for (int i = 0; i < singularValues.Count(); i++)
                singularValueReciprocals[i] = Math.Abs(singularValues[i]) < tol ? 0
                        : (1.0 / singularValues[i]);

            double[][] u = svdX.GetU().Array;
            double[][] v = svdX.GetV().Array;

            int min = Math.Min(x.ColumnDimension, u[0].Count());

            double[][] inverse = new double[x.ColumnDimension][];

            for (int i = 0; i < x.ColumnDimension; i++) {
                inverse[i] = new double[x.RowDimension];

                for (int j = 0; j < u.Count(); j++)
                    for (int k = 0; k < min; k++)
                        inverse[i][j] += v[i][k] * singularValueReciprocals[k] * u[j][k];
            }
            return new GeneralMatrix(inverse);
        }
Esempio n. 2
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 public void DEF()
 {
     double[][] rankdef = {new double[]{1.0, 4.0, 7.0, 10.0}, new double[]{2.0, 5.0, 8.0, 11.0}, new double[]{3.0, 6.0, 9.0, 12.0}};
     GeneralMatrix def = new GeneralMatrix(rankdef);
     Assert.IsTrue(GeneralTests.Check(def.Rank(), System.Math.Min(def.RowDimension, def.ColumnDimension) - 1));
 }
Esempio n. 3
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        public static void Main(System.String[] argv)
        {
            GeneralMatrix A, B, C, Z, O, I, R, S, X, SUB, M, T, SQ, DEF, SOL;
            int errorCount = 0;
            int warningCount = 0;
            double tmp;
            double[] columnwise = new double[]{1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0};
            double[] rowwise = new double[]{1.0, 4.0, 7.0, 10.0, 2.0, 5.0, 8.0, 11.0, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0, 12.0};
            double[][] avals = {new double[]{1.0, 4.0, 7.0, 10.0}, new double[]{2.0, 5.0, 8.0, 11.0}, new double[]{3.0, 6.0, 9.0, 12.0}};
            double[][] rankdef = avals;
            double[][] tvals = {new double[]{1.0, 2.0, 3.0}, new double[]{4.0, 5.0, 6.0}, new double[]{7.0, 8.0, 9.0}, new double[]{10.0, 11.0, 12.0}};
            double[][] subavals = {new double[]{5.0, 8.0, 11.0}, new double[]{6.0, 9.0, 12.0}};
            double[][] rvals = {new double[]{1.0, 4.0, 7.0}, new double[]{2.0, 5.0, 8.0, 11.0}, new double[]{3.0, 6.0, 9.0, 12.0}};
            double[][] pvals = {new double[]{1.0, 1.0, 1.0}, new double[]{1.0, 2.0, 3.0}, new double[]{1.0, 3.0, 6.0}};
            double[][] ivals = {new double[]{1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0}, new double[]{0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0}, new double[]{0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0}};
            double[][] evals = {new double[]{0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0}, new double[]{1.0, 0.0, 2e-7, 0.0}, new double[]{0.0, - 2e-7, 0.0, 1.0}, new double[]{0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0}};
            double[][] square = {new double[]{166.0, 188.0, 210.0}, new double[]{188.0, 214.0, 240.0}, new double[]{210.0, 240.0, 270.0}};
            double[][] sqSolution = {new double[]{13.0}, new double[]{15.0}};
            double[][] condmat = {new double[]{1.0, 3.0}, new double[]{7.0, 9.0}};
            int rows = 3, cols = 4;
            int invalidld = 5; /* should trigger bad shape for construction with val */
            int raggedr = 0; /* (raggedr,raggedc) should be out of bounds in ragged array */
            int raggedc = 4;
            int validld = 3; /* leading dimension of intended test Matrices */
            int nonconformld = 4; /* leading dimension which is valid, but nonconforming */
            int ib = 1, ie = 2, jb = 1, je = 3; /* index ranges for sub GeneralMatrix */
            int[] rowindexset = new int[]{1, 2};
            int[] badrowindexset = new int[]{1, 3};
            int[] columnindexset = new int[]{1, 2, 3};
            int[] badcolumnindexset = new int[]{1, 2, 4};
            double columnsummax = 33.0;
            double rowsummax = 30.0;
            double sumofdiagonals = 15;
            double sumofsquares = 650;

            /// <summary>Constructors and constructor-like methods:
            /// double[], int
            /// double[][]
            /// int, int
            /// int, int, double
            /// int, int, double[][]
            /// Create(double[][])
            /// Random(int,int)
            /// Identity(int)
            ///
            /// </summary>

            print("\nTesting constructors and constructor-like methods...\n");
            try
            {
                /// <summary>check that exception is thrown in packed constructor with invalid length *</summary>
                A = new GeneralMatrix(columnwise, invalidld);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Catch invalid length in packed constructor... ", "exception not thrown for invalid input");
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e)
            {
                try_success("Catch invalid length in packed constructor... ", e.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                /// <summary>check that exception is thrown in default constructor
                /// if input array is 'ragged' *
                /// </summary>
                A = new GeneralMatrix(rvals);
                tmp = A.GetElement(raggedr, raggedc);
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e)
            {
                try_success("Catch ragged input to default constructor... ", e.Message);
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Catch ragged input to constructor... ", "exception not thrown in construction...ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException thrown later");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                /// <summary>check that exception is thrown in Create
                /// if input array is 'ragged' *
                /// </summary>
                A = GeneralMatrix.Create(rvals);
                tmp = A.GetElement(raggedr, raggedc);
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e)
            {
                try_success("Catch ragged input to Create... ", e.Message);
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Catch ragged input to Create... ", "exception not thrown in construction...ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException thrown later");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }

            A = new GeneralMatrix(columnwise, validld);
            B = new GeneralMatrix(avals);
            tmp = B.GetElement(0, 0);
            avals[0][0] = 0.0;
            C = B.Subtract(A);
            avals[0][0] = tmp;
            B = GeneralMatrix.Create(avals);
            tmp = B.GetElement(0, 0);
            avals[0][0] = 0.0;
            if ((tmp - B.GetElement(0, 0)) != 0.0)
            {
                /// <summary>check that Create behaves properly *</summary>
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Create... ", "Copy not effected... data visible outside");
            }
            else
            {
                try_success("Create... ", "");
            }
            avals[0][0] = columnwise[0];
            I = new GeneralMatrix(ivals);
            try
            {
                check(I, GeneralMatrix.Identity(3, 4));
                try_success("Identity... ", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Identity... ", "Identity GeneralMatrix not successfully created");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }

            /// <summary>Access Methods:
            /// getColumnDimension()
            /// getRowDimension()
            /// getArray()
            /// getArrayCopy()
            /// getColumnPackedCopy()
            /// getRowPackedCopy()
            /// get(int,int)
            /// GetMatrix(int,int,int,int)
            /// GetMatrix(int,int,int[])
            /// GetMatrix(int[],int,int)
            /// GetMatrix(int[],int[])
            /// set(int,int,double)
            /// SetMatrix(int,int,int,int,GeneralMatrix)
            /// SetMatrix(int,int,int[],GeneralMatrix)
            /// SetMatrix(int[],int,int,GeneralMatrix)
            /// SetMatrix(int[],int[],GeneralMatrix)
            ///
            /// </summary>

            print("\nTesting access methods...\n");

            /// <summary>Various get methods:
            ///
            /// </summary>

            B = new GeneralMatrix(avals);
            if (B.RowDimension != rows)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "getRowDimension... ", "");
            }
            else
            {
                try_success("getRowDimension... ", "");
            }
            if (B.ColumnDimension != cols)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "getColumnDimension... ", "");
            }
            else
            {
                try_success("getColumnDimension... ", "");
            }
            B = new GeneralMatrix(avals);
            double[][] barray = B.Array;
            if (barray != avals)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "getArray... ", "");
            }
            else
            {
                try_success("getArray... ", "");
            }
            barray = B.ArrayCopy;
            if (barray == avals)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "getArrayCopy... ", "data not (deep) copied");
            }
            try
            {
                check(barray, avals);
                try_success("getArrayCopy... ", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "getArrayCopy... ", "data not successfully (deep) copied");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            double[] bpacked = B.ColumnPackedCopy;
            try
            {
                check(bpacked, columnwise);
                try_success("getColumnPackedCopy... ", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "getColumnPackedCopy... ", "data not successfully (deep) copied by columns");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            bpacked = B.RowPackedCopy;
            try
            {
                check(bpacked, rowwise);
                try_success("getRowPackedCopy... ", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "getRowPackedCopy... ", "data not successfully (deep) copied by rows");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                tmp = B.GetElement(B.RowDimension, B.ColumnDimension - 1);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "get(int,int)... ", "OutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                try
                {
                    tmp = B.GetElement(B.RowDimension - 1, B.ColumnDimension);
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "get(int,int)... ", "OutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                }
                catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e1)
                {
                    try_success("get(int,int)... OutofBoundsException... ", "");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e1)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "get(int,int)... ", "OutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                if (B.GetElement(B.RowDimension - 1, B.ColumnDimension - 1) != avals[B.RowDimension - 1][B.ColumnDimension - 1])
                {
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "get(int,int)... ", "GeneralMatrix entry (i,j) not successfully retreived");
                }
                else
                {
                    try_success("get(int,int)... ", "");
                }
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "get(int,int)... ", "Unexpected ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            SUB = new GeneralMatrix(subavals);
            try
            {
                M = B.GetMatrix(ib, ie + B.RowDimension + 1, jb, je);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int,int,int,int)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                try
                {
                    M = B.GetMatrix(ib, ie, jb, je + B.ColumnDimension + 1);
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int,int,int,int)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                }
                catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e1)
                {
                    try_success("GetMatrix(int,int,int,int)... ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException... ", "");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e1)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int,int,int,int)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                M = B.GetMatrix(ib, ie, jb, je);
                try
                {
                    check(SUB, M);
                    try_success("GetMatrix(int,int,int,int)... ", "");
                }
                catch (System.SystemException e)
                {
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int,int,int,int)... ", "submatrix not successfully retreived");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int,int,int,int)... ", "Unexpected ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }

            try
            {
                M = B.GetMatrix(ib, ie, badcolumnindexset);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int,int,int[])... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                try
                {
                    M = B.GetMatrix(ib, ie + B.RowDimension + 1, columnindexset);
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int,int,int[])... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                }
                catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e1)
                {
                    try_success("GetMatrix(int,int,int[])... ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException... ", "");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e1)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int,int,int[])... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                M = B.GetMatrix(ib, ie, columnindexset);
                try
                {
                    check(SUB, M);
                    try_success("GetMatrix(int,int,int[])... ", "");
                }
                catch (System.SystemException e)
                {
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int,int,int[])... ", "submatrix not successfully retreived");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int,int,int[])... ", "Unexpected ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                M = B.GetMatrix(badrowindexset, jb, je);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int[],int,int)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                try
                {
                    M = B.GetMatrix(rowindexset, jb, je + B.ColumnDimension + 1);
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int[],int,int)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                }
                catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e1)
                {
                    try_success("GetMatrix(int[],int,int)... ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException... ", "");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e1)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int[],int,int)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                M = B.GetMatrix(rowindexset, jb, je);
                try
                {
                    check(SUB, M);
                    try_success("GetMatrix(int[],int,int)... ", "");
                }
                catch (System.SystemException e)
                {
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int[],int,int)... ", "submatrix not successfully retreived");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int[],int,int)... ", "Unexpected ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                M = B.GetMatrix(badrowindexset, columnindexset);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int[],int[])... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                try
                {
                    M = B.GetMatrix(rowindexset, badcolumnindexset);
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int[],int[])... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                }
                catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e1)
                {
                    try_success("GetMatrix(int[],int[])... ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException... ", "");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e1)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int[],int[])... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                M = B.GetMatrix(rowindexset, columnindexset);
                try
                {
                    check(SUB, M);
                    try_success("GetMatrix(int[],int[])... ", "");
                }
                catch (System.SystemException e)
                {
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int[],int[])... ", "submatrix not successfully retreived");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "GetMatrix(int[],int[])... ", "Unexpected ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }

            /// <summary>Various set methods:
            ///
            /// </summary>

            try
            {
                B.SetElement(B.RowDimension, B.ColumnDimension - 1, 0.0);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "set(int,int,double)... ", "OutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                try
                {
                    B.SetElement(B.RowDimension - 1, B.ColumnDimension, 0.0);
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "set(int,int,double)... ", "OutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                }
                catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e1)
                {
                    try_success("set(int,int,double)... OutofBoundsException... ", "");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e1)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "set(int,int,double)... ", "OutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                B.SetElement(ib, jb, 0.0);
                tmp = B.GetElement(ib, jb);
                try
                {
                    check(tmp, 0.0);
                    try_success("set(int,int,double)... ", "");
                }
                catch (System.SystemException e)
                {
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "set(int,int,double)... ", "GeneralMatrix element not successfully set");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e1)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "set(int,int,double)... ", "Unexpected ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
            }
            M = new GeneralMatrix(2, 3, 0.0);
            try
            {
                B.SetMatrix(ib, ie + B.RowDimension + 1, jb, je, M);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int,int,int,int,GeneralMatrix)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                try
                {
                    B.SetMatrix(ib, ie, jb, je + B.ColumnDimension + 1, M);
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int,int,int,int,GeneralMatrix)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                }
                catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e1)
                {
                    try_success("SetMatrix(int,int,int,int,GeneralMatrix)... ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException... ", "");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e1)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int,int,int,int,GeneralMatrix)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                B.SetMatrix(ib, ie, jb, je, M);
                try
                {
                    check(M.Subtract(B.GetMatrix(ib, ie, jb, je)), M);
                    try_success("SetMatrix(int,int,int,int,GeneralMatrix)... ", "");
                }
                catch (System.SystemException e)
                {
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int,int,int,int,GeneralMatrix)... ", "submatrix not successfully set");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                }
                B.SetMatrix(ib, ie, jb, je, SUB);
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e1)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int,int,int,int,GeneralMatrix)... ", "Unexpected ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                B.SetMatrix(ib, ie + B.RowDimension + 1, columnindexset, M);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int,int,int[],GeneralMatrix)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                try
                {
                    B.SetMatrix(ib, ie, badcolumnindexset, M);
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int,int,int[],GeneralMatrix)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                }
                catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e1)
                {
                    try_success("SetMatrix(int,int,int[],GeneralMatrix)... ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException... ", "");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e1)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int,int,int[],GeneralMatrix)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                B.SetMatrix(ib, ie, columnindexset, M);
                try
                {
                    check(M.Subtract(B.GetMatrix(ib, ie, columnindexset)), M);
                    try_success("SetMatrix(int,int,int[],GeneralMatrix)... ", "");
                }
                catch (System.SystemException e)
                {
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int,int,int[],GeneralMatrix)... ", "submatrix not successfully set");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                }
                B.SetMatrix(ib, ie, jb, je, SUB);
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e1)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int,int,int[],GeneralMatrix)... ", "Unexpected ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                B.SetMatrix(rowindexset, jb, je + B.ColumnDimension + 1, M);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int[],int,int,GeneralMatrix)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                try
                {
                    B.SetMatrix(badrowindexset, jb, je, M);
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int[],int,int,GeneralMatrix)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                }
                catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e1)
                {
                    try_success("SetMatrix(int[],int,int,GeneralMatrix)... ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException... ", "");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e1)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int[],int,int,GeneralMatrix)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                B.SetMatrix(rowindexset, jb, je, M);
                try
                {
                    check(M.Subtract(B.GetMatrix(rowindexset, jb, je)), M);
                    try_success("SetMatrix(int[],int,int,GeneralMatrix)... ", "");
                }
                catch (System.SystemException e)
                {
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int[],int,int,GeneralMatrix)... ", "submatrix not successfully set");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                }
                B.SetMatrix(ib, ie, jb, je, SUB);
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e1)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int[],int,int,GeneralMatrix)... ", "Unexpected ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                B.SetMatrix(rowindexset, badcolumnindexset, M);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int[],int[],GeneralMatrix)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                try
                {
                    B.SetMatrix(badrowindexset, columnindexset, M);
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int[],int[],GeneralMatrix)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                }
                catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e1)
                {
                    try_success("SetMatrix(int[],int[],GeneralMatrix)... ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException... ", "");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e1)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int[],int[],GeneralMatrix)... ", "ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException expected but not thrown");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                B.SetMatrix(rowindexset, columnindexset, M);
                try
                {
                    check(M.Subtract(B.GetMatrix(rowindexset, columnindexset)), M);
                    try_success("SetMatrix(int[],int[],GeneralMatrix)... ", "");
                }
                catch (System.SystemException e)
                {
                    errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int[],int[],GeneralMatrix)... ", "submatrix not successfully set");
                    System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
                }
            }
            catch (System.IndexOutOfRangeException e1)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SetMatrix(int[],int[],GeneralMatrix)... ", "Unexpected ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
            }

            /// <summary>Array-like methods:
            /// Subtract
            /// SubtractEquals
            /// Add
            /// AddEquals
            /// ArrayLeftDivide
            /// ArrayLeftDivideEquals
            /// ArrayRightDivide
            /// ArrayRightDivideEquals
            /// arrayTimes
            /// ArrayMultiplyEquals
            /// uminus
            ///
            /// </summary>

            print("\nTesting array-like methods...\n");
            S = new GeneralMatrix(columnwise, nonconformld);
            R = GeneralMatrix.Random(A.RowDimension, A.ColumnDimension);
            A = R;
            try
            {
                S = A.Subtract(S);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Subtract conformance check... ", "nonconformance not raised");
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e)
            {
                try_success("Subtract conformance check... ", "");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            if (A.Subtract(R).Norm1() != 0.0)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Subtract... ", "(difference of identical Matrices is nonzero,\nSubsequent use of Subtract should be suspect)");
            }
            else
            {
                try_success("Subtract... ", "");
            }
            A = R.Copy();
            A.SubtractEquals(R);
            Z = new GeneralMatrix(A.RowDimension, A.ColumnDimension);
            try
            {
                A.SubtractEquals(S);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SubtractEquals conformance check... ", "nonconformance not raised");
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e)
            {
                try_success("SubtractEquals conformance check... ", "");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            if (A.Subtract(Z).Norm1() != 0.0)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SubtractEquals... ", "(difference of identical Matrices is nonzero,\nSubsequent use of Subtract should be suspect)");
            }
            else
            {
                try_success("SubtractEquals... ", "");
            }

            A = R.Copy();
            B = GeneralMatrix.Random(A.RowDimension, A.ColumnDimension);
            C = A.Subtract(B);
            try
            {
                S = A.Add(S);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Add conformance check... ", "nonconformance not raised");
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e)
            {
                try_success("Add conformance check... ", "");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                check(C.Add(B), A);
                try_success("Add... ", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Add... ", "(C = A - B, but C + B != A)");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            C = A.Subtract(B);
            C.AddEquals(B);
            try
            {
                A.AddEquals(S);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "AddEquals conformance check... ", "nonconformance not raised");
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e)
            {
                try_success("AddEquals conformance check... ", "");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                check(C, A);
                try_success("AddEquals... ", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "AddEquals... ", "(C = A - B, but C = C + B != A)");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            A = R.UnaryMinus();
            try
            {
                check(A.Add(R), Z);
                try_success("UnaryMinus... ", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "uminus... ", "(-A + A != zeros)");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            A = R.Copy();
            O = new GeneralMatrix(A.RowDimension, A.ColumnDimension, 1.0);
            C = A.ArrayLeftDivide(R);
            try
            {
                S = A.ArrayLeftDivide(S);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "ArrayLeftDivide conformance check... ", "nonconformance not raised");
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e)
            {
                try_success("ArrayLeftDivide conformance check... ", "");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                check(C, O);
                try_success("ArrayLeftDivide... ", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "ArrayLeftDivide... ", "(M.\\M != ones)");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                A.ArrayLeftDivideEquals(S);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "ArrayLeftDivideEquals conformance check... ", "nonconformance not raised");
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e)
            {
                try_success("ArrayLeftDivideEquals conformance check... ", "");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            A.ArrayLeftDivideEquals(R);
            try
            {
                check(A, O);
                try_success("ArrayLeftDivideEquals... ", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "ArrayLeftDivideEquals... ", "(M.\\M != ones)");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            A = R.Copy();
            try
            {
                A.ArrayRightDivide(S);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "ArrayRightDivide conformance check... ", "nonconformance not raised");
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e)
            {
                try_success("ArrayRightDivide conformance check... ", "");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            C = A.ArrayRightDivide(R);
            try
            {
                check(C, O);
                try_success("ArrayRightDivide... ", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "ArrayRightDivide... ", "(M./M != ones)");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                A.ArrayRightDivideEquals(S);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "ArrayRightDivideEquals conformance check... ", "nonconformance not raised");
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e)
            {
                try_success("ArrayRightDivideEquals conformance check... ", "");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            A.ArrayRightDivideEquals(R);
            try
            {
                check(A, O);
                try_success("ArrayRightDivideEquals... ", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "ArrayRightDivideEquals... ", "(M./M != ones)");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            A = R.Copy();
            B = GeneralMatrix.Random(A.RowDimension, A.ColumnDimension);
            try
            {
                S = A.ArrayMultiply(S);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "arrayTimes conformance check... ", "nonconformance not raised");
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e)
            {
                try_success("arrayTimes conformance check... ", "");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            C = A.ArrayMultiply(B);
            try
            {
                check(C.ArrayRightDivideEquals(B), A);
                try_success("arrayTimes... ", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "arrayTimes... ", "(A = R, C = A.*B, but C./B != A)");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                A.ArrayMultiplyEquals(S);
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "ArrayMultiplyEquals conformance check... ", "nonconformance not raised");
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e)
            {
                try_success("ArrayMultiplyEquals conformance check... ", "");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            A.ArrayMultiplyEquals(B);
            try
            {
                check(A.ArrayRightDivideEquals(B), R);
                try_success("ArrayMultiplyEquals... ", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "ArrayMultiplyEquals... ", "(A = R, A = A.*B, but A./B != R)");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }

            /// <summary>LA methods:
            /// Transpose
            /// Multiply
            /// Condition
            /// Rank
            /// Determinant
            /// trace
            /// Norm1
            /// norm2
            /// normF
            /// normInf
            /// Solve
            /// solveTranspose
            /// Inverse
            /// chol
            /// Eigen
            /// lu
            /// qr
            /// svd
            ///
            /// </summary>

            print("\nTesting linear algebra methods...\n");
            A = new GeneralMatrix(columnwise, 3);
            T = new GeneralMatrix(tvals);
            T = A.Transpose();
            try
            {
                check(A.Transpose(), T);
                try_success("Transpose...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Transpose()...", "Transpose unsuccessful");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            A.Transpose();
            try
            {
                check(A.Norm1(), columnsummax);
                try_success("Norm1...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Norm1()...", "incorrect norm calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                check(A.NormInf(), rowsummax);
                try_success("normInf()...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "normInf()...", "incorrect norm calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                check(A.NormF(), System.Math.Sqrt(sumofsquares));
                try_success("normF...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "normF()...", "incorrect norm calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                check(A.Trace(), sumofdiagonals);
                try_success("trace()...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "trace()...", "incorrect trace calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                check(A.GetMatrix(0, A.RowDimension - 1, 0, A.RowDimension - 1).Determinant(), 0.0);
                try_success("Determinant()...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Determinant()...", "incorrect determinant calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            SQ = new GeneralMatrix(square);
            try
            {
                check(A.Multiply(A.Transpose()), SQ);
                try_success("Multiply(GeneralMatrix)...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Multiply(GeneralMatrix)...", "incorrect GeneralMatrix-GeneralMatrix product calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            try
            {
                check(A.Multiply(0.0), Z);
                try_success("Multiply(double)...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Multiply(double)...", "incorrect GeneralMatrix-scalar product calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }

            A = new GeneralMatrix(columnwise, 4);
            QRDecomposition QR = A.QRD();
            R = QR.R;
            try
            {
                check(A, QR.Q.Multiply(R));
                try_success("QRDecomposition...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "QRDecomposition...", "incorrect QR decomposition calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            SingularValueDecomposition SVD = A.SVD();
            try
            {
                check(A, SVD.GetU().Multiply(SVD.S.Multiply(SVD.GetV().Transpose())));
                try_success("SingularValueDecomposition...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "SingularValueDecomposition...", "incorrect singular value decomposition calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            DEF = new GeneralMatrix(rankdef);
            try
            {
                check(DEF.Rank(), System.Math.Min(DEF.RowDimension, DEF.ColumnDimension) - 1);
                try_success("Rank()...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Rank()...", "incorrect Rank calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            B = new GeneralMatrix(condmat);
            SVD = B.SVD();
            double[] singularvalues = SVD.SingularValues;
            try
            {
                check(B.Condition(), singularvalues[0] / singularvalues[System.Math.Min(B.RowDimension, B.ColumnDimension) - 1]);
                try_success("Condition()...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Condition()...", "incorrect condition number calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            int n = A.ColumnDimension;
            A = A.GetMatrix(0, n - 1, 0, n - 1);
            A.SetElement(0, 0, 0.0);
            LUDecomposition LU = A.LUD();
            try
            {
                check(A.GetMatrix(LU.Pivot, 0, n - 1), LU.L.Multiply(LU.U));
                try_success("LUDecomposition...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "LUDecomposition...", "incorrect LU decomposition calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            X = A.Inverse();
            try
            {
                check(A.Multiply(X), GeneralMatrix.Identity(3, 3));
                try_success("Inverse()...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Inverse()...", "incorrect Inverse calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            O = new GeneralMatrix(SUB.RowDimension, 1, 1.0);
            SOL = new GeneralMatrix(sqSolution);
            SQ = SUB.GetMatrix(0, SUB.RowDimension - 1, 0, SUB.RowDimension - 1);
            try
            {
                check(SQ.Solve(SOL), O);
                try_success("Solve()...", "");
            }
            catch (System.ArgumentException e1)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Solve()...", e1.Message);
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e1.Message);
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "Solve()...", e.Message);
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            A = new GeneralMatrix(pvals);
            CholeskyDecomposition Chol = A.chol();
            GeneralMatrix L = Chol.GetL();
            try
            {
                check(A, L.Multiply(L.Transpose()));
                try_success("CholeskyDecomposition...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "CholeskyDecomposition...", "incorrect Cholesky decomposition calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            X = Chol.Solve(GeneralMatrix.Identity(3, 3));
            try
            {
                check(A.Multiply(X), GeneralMatrix.Identity(3, 3));
                try_success("CholeskyDecomposition Solve()...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "CholeskyDecomposition Solve()...", "incorrect Choleskydecomposition Solve calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            EigenvalueDecomposition Eig = A.Eigen();
            GeneralMatrix D = Eig.D;
            GeneralMatrix V = Eig.GetV();
            try
            {
                check(A.Multiply(V), V.Multiply(D));
                try_success("EigenvalueDecomposition (symmetric)...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "EigenvalueDecomposition (symmetric)...", "incorrect symmetric Eigenvalue decomposition calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            A = new GeneralMatrix(evals);
            Eig = A.Eigen();
            D = Eig.D;
            V = Eig.GetV();
            try
            {
                check(A.Multiply(V), V.Multiply(D));
                try_success("EigenvalueDecomposition (nonsymmetric)...", "");
            }
            catch (System.SystemException e)
            {
                errorCount = try_failure(errorCount, "EigenvalueDecomposition (nonsymmetric)...", "incorrect nonsymmetric Eigenvalue decomposition calculation");
                System.Console.Out.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }

            print("\nTestMatrix completed.\n");
            print("Total errors reported: " + System.Convert.ToString(errorCount) + "\n");
            print("Total warnings reported: " + System.Convert.ToString(warningCount) + "\n");
        }