private void CreateRoad()
{
//RandomHelper.Random = new Random(1234567);
// Set isClosed to true join the start and the end of the road.
bool isClosed = false;
// Create a new TerrainRoadLayer which paints a road onto the terrain.
// The road itself is defined by a mesh which is set later.
_roadLayer = new TerrainRoadLayer(GraphicsService)
{
DiffuseColor = new Vector3F(0.5f),
SpecularColor = new Vector3F(1),
DiffuseTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Road-Asphalt-Diffuse"),
NormalTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Road-Asphalt-Normal"),
SpecularTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Road-Asphalt-Specular"),
HeightTexture = ContentManager.Load<Texture2D>("Terrain/Road-Asphalt-Height"),
// The size of the tileable detail textures in world space units.
TileSize = 5,
// The border blend range controls how the border of the road fades out.
// We fade out 5% of the texture on each side of the road.
BorderBlendRange = new Vector4F(0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f, 0.05f),
};
// Create 3D spline path with some semi-random control points.
_roadPath = new Path3F
{
PreLoop = isClosed ? CurveLoopType.Cycle : CurveLoopType.Linear,
PostLoop = isClosed ? CurveLoopType.Cycle : CurveLoopType.Linear,
SmoothEnds = isClosed,
};
// The position of the next path key.
Vector3F position = new Vector3F(
RandomHelper.Random.NextFloat(-20, 20),
0,
RandomHelper.Random.NextFloat(-20, 20));
// The direction to the next path key.
Vector3F direction = QuaternionF.CreateRotationY(RandomHelper.Random.NextFloat(0, 10)).Rotate(Vector3F.Forward);
// Add path keys.
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
{
// Instead of a normal PathKey3F, we use a TerrainRoadPathKey which allows to control
// the road with and the side falloff.
var key = new TerrainRoadPathKey
{
Interpolation = SplineInterpolation.CatmullRom,
Parameter = j,
Point = position,
// The width of the road at the path key.
Width = RandomHelper.Random.NextFloat(6, 10),
// The side falloff (which is used in ClampTerrainToRoad to blend the height values with
// the road).
SideFalloff = RandomHelper.Random.NextFloat(20, 40),
};
_roadPath.Add(key);
// Get next random position and direction.
position += direction * RandomHelper.Random.NextFloat(20, 40);
position.Y += RandomHelper.Random.NextFloat(-2, 2);
direction = QuaternionF.CreateRotationY(RandomHelper.Random.NextFloat(-1, 1))
.Rotate(direction);
}
if (isClosed)
{
// To create a closed path the first and the last key should be identical.
_roadPath[_roadPath.Count - 1].Point = _roadPath[0].Point;
((TerrainRoadPathKey)_roadPath[_roadPath.Count - 1]).Width = ((TerrainRoadPathKey)_roadPath[0]).Width;
((TerrainRoadPathKey)_roadPath[_roadPath.Count - 1]).SideFalloff =
((TerrainRoadPathKey)_roadPath[0]).SideFalloff;
// Since the path is closed we do not have to fade out the start and the end of the road.
_roadLayer.BorderBlendRange *= new Vector4F(1, 0, 1, 0);
}
// Convert the path to a mesh.
Submesh roadSubmesh;
Aabb roadAabb;
float roadLength;
TerrainRoadLayer.CreateMesh(
GraphicsService.GraphicsDevice,
_roadPath,
4,
10,
0.1f,
out roadSubmesh,
out roadAabb,
out roadLength);
// Set the mesh in the road layer.
_roadLayer.SetMesh(roadSubmesh, roadAabb, roadLength, true);
if (isClosed)
{
// When the path is closed, the end texture and the start texture coordinates should
// match. This is the case if (roadLength / tileSize) is an integer.
var numberOfTiles = (int)(roadLength / _roadLayer.TileSize);
_roadLayer.TileSize = roadLength / numberOfTiles;
}
// The road layer is added to the layers of a tile. We have to add the road to each terrain
// tile which it overlaps.
foreach (var tile in _terrainObject.TerrainNode.Terrain.Tiles)
if (GeometryHelper.HaveContact(tile.Aabb, _roadLayer.Aabb.Value))
tile.Layers.Add(_roadLayer);
}
public static void ClampTerrainToRoad(HeightField terrain, Path3F road,
float defaultWidth, float defaultSideFalloff,
int maxNumberOfIterations, float tolerance)
{
if (terrain == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("terrain");
}
if (road == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("road");
}
// Compute list of line segments. (2 points per line segment!)
var flattenedPoints = new List <Vector3F>();
road.Flatten(flattenedPoints, maxNumberOfIterations, tolerance);
// Abort if path is empty.
int numberOfLineSegments = flattenedPoints.Count / 2;
if (numberOfLineSegments <= 0)
{
return;
}
// Compute accumulated lengths. (One entry for each entry in flattenedPoints.)
float[] accumulatedLengths = new float[flattenedPoints.Count];
accumulatedLengths[0] = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < flattenedPoints.Count; i += 2)
{
Vector3F previous = flattenedPoints[i - 1];
Vector3F current = flattenedPoints[i];
float length = (current - previous).Length;
accumulatedLengths[i] = accumulatedLengths[i - 1] + length;
if (i + 1 < flattenedPoints.Count)
{
accumulatedLengths[i + 1] = accumulatedLengths[i];
}
}
// Create a mapping between accumulatedLength and the path keys.
// (accumulatedLength --> key)
var pathLengthsAndKeys = new List <Pair <float, TerrainRoadPathKey> >();
{
int index = 0;
foreach (var key in road)
{
Vector3F position = key.Point;
var roadKey = key as TerrainRoadPathKey;
if (roadKey == null)
{
roadKey = new TerrainRoadPathKey
{
Point = key.Point,
Width = defaultWidth,
SideFalloff = defaultSideFalloff,
};
}
for (; index < flattenedPoints.Count; index++)
{
if (Vector3F.AreNumericallyEqual(position, flattenedPoints[index]))
{
pathLengthsAndKeys.Add(new Pair <float, TerrainRoadPathKey>(accumulatedLengths[index], roadKey));
break;
}
bool isLastLineSegment = (index + 2 == flattenedPoints.Count);
if (!isLastLineSegment)
{
index++;
}
}
index++;
}
}
// Create a list of interpolated road widths and side falloffs. (One entry for each entry in flattenedPoints.)
var halfWidths = new float[flattenedPoints.Count];
var sideFalloffs = new float[flattenedPoints.Count];
int previousKeyIndex = 0;
var previousKey = pathLengthsAndKeys[0];
var nextKey = pathLengthsAndKeys[1];
halfWidths[0] = 0.5f * pathLengthsAndKeys[0].Second.Width;
sideFalloffs[0] = pathLengthsAndKeys[0].Second.SideFalloff;
for (int i = 1; i < flattenedPoints.Count; i += 2)
{
if (accumulatedLengths[i] > nextKey.First)
{
previousKey = nextKey;
previousKeyIndex++;
nextKey = pathLengthsAndKeys[previousKeyIndex + 1];
}
float p = (accumulatedLengths[i] - previousKey.First) / (nextKey.First - previousKey.First);
halfWidths[i] = 0.5f * InterpolationHelper.Lerp(previousKey.Second.Width, nextKey.Second.Width, p);
sideFalloffs[i] = InterpolationHelper.Lerp(previousKey.Second.SideFalloff, nextKey.Second.SideFalloff, p);
if (i + 1 < flattenedPoints.Count)
{
halfWidths[i + 1] = halfWidths[i];
sideFalloffs[i + 1] = sideFalloffs[i];
}
}
// Get AABB of road with the side falloff.
Aabb aabbWithSideFalloffs;
{
Vector3F p = flattenedPoints[0];
float r = halfWidths[0] + sideFalloffs[0];
aabbWithSideFalloffs = new Aabb(new Vector3F(p.X - r, 0, p.Z - r),
new Vector3F(p.X + r, 0, p.Z + r));
for (int i = 1; i < flattenedPoints.Count; i += 2)
{
p = flattenedPoints[i];
r = halfWidths[i] + sideFalloffs[i];
aabbWithSideFalloffs.Grow(new Vector3F(p.X - r, 0, p.Z - r));
aabbWithSideFalloffs.Grow(new Vector3F(p.X + r, 0, p.Z + r));
}
}
// Terrain properties.
int numberOfSamplesX = terrain.NumberOfSamplesX;
int numberOfSamplesZ = terrain.NumberOfSamplesZ;
int numberOfCellsX = numberOfSamplesX - 1;
int numberOfCellsZ = numberOfSamplesZ - 1;
float widthX = terrain.WidthX;
float cellSizeX = widthX / numberOfCellsX;
float widthZ = terrain.WidthZ;
float cellSizeZ = widthZ / numberOfCellsZ;
float cellSizeDiagonal = (float)Math.Sqrt(cellSizeX * cellSizeX + cellSizeZ * cellSizeZ);
bool isClosed = Vector3F.AreNumericallyEqual(flattenedPoints[0], flattenedPoints[flattenedPoints.Count - 1]);
{
// Get the line segments which of the road border.
List <Vector4F> segments = new List <Vector4F>(); // 2 points per segment.
Vector3F lastOrthonormal = Vector3F.Right;
Vector4F previousV1 = Vector4F.Zero;
Vector4F previousV2 = Vector4F.Zero;
for (int i = 0; i < flattenedPoints.Count; i++)
{
Vector3F start = flattenedPoints[i];
Vector3F previous;
bool isFirstPoint = (i == 0);
if (!isFirstPoint)
{
previous = flattenedPoints[i - 1];
}
else if (isClosed && road.SmoothEnds)
{
previous = flattenedPoints[flattenedPoints.Count - 2];
}
else
{
previous = start;
}
Vector3F next;
bool isLastPoint = (i + 1 == flattenedPoints.Count);
if (!isLastPoint)
{
next = flattenedPoints[i + 1];
}
else if (isClosed && road.SmoothEnds)
{
next = flattenedPoints[1];
}
else
{
next = start;
}
Vector3F tangent = next - previous;
Vector3F orthonormal = new Vector3F(tangent.Z, 0, -tangent.X);
if (!orthonormal.TryNormalize())
{
orthonormal = lastOrthonormal;
}
// Add 2 vertices two segments for the road side border.
//
// pV1 pV2 (previous vertices)
// x x
// | |
// x x
// v1 v2 (current vertices)
//
// We store the side falloff with the vertex:
// Vectors are 4D. Height is y. Side falloff is w.
Vector4F v1 = new Vector4F(start - orthonormal * (halfWidths[i] + 0), sideFalloffs[i]);
Vector4F v2 = new Vector4F(start + orthonormal * (halfWidths[i] + 0), sideFalloffs[i]);
if (i > 0)
{
segments.Add(previousV1);
segments.Add(v1);
segments.Add(previousV2);
segments.Add(v2);
if (isLastPoint && !isClosed)
{
// A segment for the end of the road.
segments.Add(v1);
segments.Add(v2);
}
}
else
{
if (!isClosed)
{
// A segment for the start of the road.
segments.Add(v1);
segments.Add(v2);
}
}
previousV1 = v1;
previousV2 = v2;
lastOrthonormal = orthonormal;
// The flattened points list contains 2 points per line segment, which means that there
// are duplicate intermediate points, which we skip.
bool isLastLineSegment = (i + 2 == flattenedPoints.Count);
if (!isLastLineSegment)
{
i++;
}
}
// Apply the side falloff to the terrain heights.
// We use a padding where the road influence is 100% because we want road width to be flat
// but that means that we also have to set some triangle vertices outside the road width to
// full 100% road height.
float padding = cellSizeDiagonal;
ClampHeightsToLineSegments(terrain, aabbWithSideFalloffs, segments, padding);
}
// Clamp the terrain heights to the inner part of the road.
// We create quads for the road mesh and clamp the heights to the quad triangles.
{
Vector3F previousV1 = Vector3F.Zero;
Vector3F previousV2 = Vector3F.Zero;
Vector3F lastOrthonormal = Vector3F.Right;
for (int i = 0; i < flattenedPoints.Count; i++)
{
Vector3F start = flattenedPoints[i];
Vector3F previous;
bool isFirstPoint = (i == 0);
if (!isFirstPoint)
{
previous = flattenedPoints[i - 1];
}
else if (isClosed && road.SmoothEnds)
{
previous = flattenedPoints[flattenedPoints.Count - 2];
}
else
{
previous = start;
}
Vector3F next;
bool isLastPoint = (i + 1 == flattenedPoints.Count);
if (!isLastPoint)
{
next = flattenedPoints[i + 1];
}
else if (isClosed && road.SmoothEnds)
{
next = flattenedPoints[1];
}
else
{
next = start;
}
Vector3F tangent = next - previous;
Vector3F orthonormal = new Vector3F(tangent.Z, 0, -tangent.X);
if (!orthonormal.TryNormalize())
{
orthonormal = lastOrthonormal;
}
// Add 2 vertices to create a mesh like this:
//
// pV1 pV2 (previous vertices)
// x---------------x
// | |
// x---------------x
// v1 v2 (current vertices)
//
// Then we check all height samples against these triangles.
// Vectors are 4D. Height is y. Influence is w.
Vector3F v1 = start - orthonormal * halfWidths[i];
Vector3F v2 = start + orthonormal * halfWidths[i];
if (i > 0)
{
ClampHeightsToQuad(terrain, previousV1, previousV2, v1, v2);
}
previousV1 = v1;
previousV2 = v2;
lastOrthonormal = orthonormal;
// The flattened points list contains 2 points per line segment, which means that there
// are duplicate intermediate points, which we skip.
bool isLastLineSegment = (i + 2 == flattenedPoints.Count);
if (!isLastLineSegment)
{
i++;
}
}
}
terrain.Invalidate();
}
public static void ClampTerrainToRoad(HeightField terrain, Path3F road,
float defaultWidth, float defaultSideFalloff,
int maxNumberOfIterations, float tolerance)
{
if (terrain == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("terrain");
if (road == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("road");
// Compute list of line segments. (2 points per line segment!)
var flattenedPoints = new List<Vector3F>();
road.Flatten(flattenedPoints, maxNumberOfIterations, tolerance);
// Abort if path is empty.
int numberOfLineSegments = flattenedPoints.Count / 2;
if (numberOfLineSegments <= 0)
return;
// Compute accumulated lengths. (One entry for each entry in flattenedPoints.)
float[] accumulatedLengths = new float[flattenedPoints.Count];
accumulatedLengths[0] = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < flattenedPoints.Count; i += 2)
{
Vector3F previous = flattenedPoints[i - 1];
Vector3F current = flattenedPoints[i];
float length = (current - previous).Length;
accumulatedLengths[i] = accumulatedLengths[i - 1] + length;
if (i + 1 < flattenedPoints.Count)
accumulatedLengths[i + 1] = accumulatedLengths[i];
}
// Create a mapping between accumulatedLength and the path keys.
// (accumulatedLength --> key)
var pathLengthsAndKeys = new List<Pair<float, TerrainRoadPathKey>>();
{
int index = 0;
foreach (var key in road)
{
Vector3F position = key.Point;
var roadKey = key as TerrainRoadPathKey;
if (roadKey == null)
{
roadKey = new TerrainRoadPathKey
{
Point = key.Point,
Width = defaultWidth,
SideFalloff = defaultSideFalloff,
};
}
for (; index < flattenedPoints.Count; index++)
{
if (Vector3F.AreNumericallyEqual(position, flattenedPoints[index]))
{
pathLengthsAndKeys.Add(new Pair<float, TerrainRoadPathKey>(accumulatedLengths[index], roadKey));
break;
}
bool isLastLineSegment = (index + 2 == flattenedPoints.Count);
if (!isLastLineSegment)
index++;
}
index++;
}
}
// Create a list of interpolated road widths and side falloffs. (One entry for each entry in flattenedPoints.)
var halfWidths = new float[flattenedPoints.Count];
var sideFalloffs = new float[flattenedPoints.Count];
int previousKeyIndex = 0;
var previousKey = pathLengthsAndKeys[0];
var nextKey = pathLengthsAndKeys[1];
halfWidths[0] = 0.5f * pathLengthsAndKeys[0].Second.Width;
sideFalloffs[0] = pathLengthsAndKeys[0].Second.SideFalloff;
for (int i = 1; i < flattenedPoints.Count; i += 2)
{
if (accumulatedLengths[i] > nextKey.First)
{
previousKey = nextKey;
previousKeyIndex++;
nextKey = pathLengthsAndKeys[previousKeyIndex + 1];
}
float p = (accumulatedLengths[i] - previousKey.First) / (nextKey.First - previousKey.First);
halfWidths[i] = 0.5f * InterpolationHelper.Lerp(previousKey.Second.Width, nextKey.Second.Width, p);
sideFalloffs[i] = InterpolationHelper.Lerp(previousKey.Second.SideFalloff, nextKey.Second.SideFalloff, p);
if (i + 1 < flattenedPoints.Count)
{
halfWidths[i + 1] = halfWidths[i];
sideFalloffs[i + 1] = sideFalloffs[i];
}
}
// Get AABB of road with the side falloff.
Aabb aabbWithSideFalloffs;
{
Vector3F p = flattenedPoints[0];
float r = halfWidths[0] + sideFalloffs[0];
aabbWithSideFalloffs = new Aabb(new Vector3F(p.X - r, 0, p.Z - r),
new Vector3F(p.X + r, 0, p.Z + r));
for (int i = 1; i < flattenedPoints.Count; i += 2)
{
p = flattenedPoints[i];
r = halfWidths[i] + sideFalloffs[i];
aabbWithSideFalloffs.Grow(new Vector3F(p.X - r, 0, p.Z - r));
aabbWithSideFalloffs.Grow(new Vector3F(p.X + r, 0, p.Z + r));
}
}
// Terrain properties.
int numberOfSamplesX = terrain.NumberOfSamplesX;
int numberOfSamplesZ = terrain.NumberOfSamplesZ;
int numberOfCellsX = numberOfSamplesX - 1;
int numberOfCellsZ = numberOfSamplesZ - 1;
float widthX = terrain.WidthX;
float cellSizeX = widthX / numberOfCellsX;
float widthZ = terrain.WidthZ;
float cellSizeZ = widthZ / numberOfCellsZ;
float cellSizeDiagonal = (float)Math.Sqrt(cellSizeX * cellSizeX + cellSizeZ * cellSizeZ);
bool isClosed = Vector3F.AreNumericallyEqual(flattenedPoints[0], flattenedPoints[flattenedPoints.Count - 1]);
{
// Get the line segments which of the road border.
List<Vector4F> segments = new List<Vector4F>(); // 2 points per segment.
Vector3F lastOrthonormal = Vector3F.Right;
Vector4F previousV1 = Vector4F.Zero;
Vector4F previousV2 = Vector4F.Zero;
for (int i = 0; i < flattenedPoints.Count; i++)
{
Vector3F start = flattenedPoints[i];
Vector3F previous;
bool isFirstPoint = (i == 0);
if (!isFirstPoint)
previous = flattenedPoints[i - 1];
else if (isClosed && road.SmoothEnds)
previous = flattenedPoints[flattenedPoints.Count - 2];
else
previous = start;
Vector3F next;
bool isLastPoint = (i + 1 == flattenedPoints.Count);
if (!isLastPoint)
next = flattenedPoints[i + 1];
else if (isClosed && road.SmoothEnds)
next = flattenedPoints[1];
else
next = start;
Vector3F tangent = next - previous;
Vector3F orthonormal = new Vector3F(tangent.Z, 0, -tangent.X);
if (!orthonormal.TryNormalize())
orthonormal = lastOrthonormal;
// Add 2 vertices two segments for the road side border.
//
// pV1 pV2 (previous vertices)
// x x
// | |
// x x
// v1 v2 (current vertices)
//
// We store the side falloff with the vertex:
// Vectors are 4D. Height is y. Side falloff is w.
Vector4F v1 = new Vector4F(start - orthonormal * (halfWidths[i] + 0), sideFalloffs[i]);
Vector4F v2 = new Vector4F(start + orthonormal * (halfWidths[i] + 0), sideFalloffs[i]);
if (i > 0)
{
segments.Add(previousV1);
segments.Add(v1);
segments.Add(previousV2);
segments.Add(v2);
if (isLastPoint && !isClosed)
{
// A segment for the end of the road.
segments.Add(v1);
segments.Add(v2);
}
}
else
{
if (!isClosed)
{
// A segment for the start of the road.
segments.Add(v1);
segments.Add(v2);
}
}
previousV1 = v1;
previousV2 = v2;
lastOrthonormal = orthonormal;
// The flattened points list contains 2 points per line segment, which means that there
// are duplicate intermediate points, which we skip.
bool isLastLineSegment = (i + 2 == flattenedPoints.Count);
if (!isLastLineSegment)
i++;
}
// Apply the side falloff to the terrain heights.
// We use a padding where the road influence is 100% because we want road width to be flat
// but that means that we also have to set some triangle vertices outside the road width to
// full 100% road height.
float padding = cellSizeDiagonal;
ClampHeightsToLineSegments(terrain, aabbWithSideFalloffs, segments, padding);
}
// Clamp the terrain heights to the inner part of the road.
// We create quads for the road mesh and clamp the heights to the quad triangles.
{
Vector3F previousV1 = Vector3F.Zero;
Vector3F previousV2 = Vector3F.Zero;
Vector3F lastOrthonormal = Vector3F.Right;
for (int i = 0; i < flattenedPoints.Count; i++)
{
Vector3F start = flattenedPoints[i];
Vector3F previous;
bool isFirstPoint = (i == 0);
if (!isFirstPoint)
previous = flattenedPoints[i - 1];
else if (isClosed && road.SmoothEnds)
previous = flattenedPoints[flattenedPoints.Count - 2];
else
previous = start;
Vector3F next;
bool isLastPoint = (i + 1 == flattenedPoints.Count);
if (!isLastPoint)
next = flattenedPoints[i + 1];
else if (isClosed && road.SmoothEnds)
next = flattenedPoints[1];
else
next = start;
Vector3F tangent = next - previous;
Vector3F orthonormal = new Vector3F(tangent.Z, 0, -tangent.X);
if (!orthonormal.TryNormalize())
orthonormal = lastOrthonormal;
// Add 2 vertices to create a mesh like this:
//
// pV1 pV2 (previous vertices)
// x---------------x
// | |
// x---------------x
// v1 v2 (current vertices)
//
// Then we check all height samples against these triangles.
// Vectors are 4D. Height is y. Influence is w.
Vector3F v1 = start - orthonormal * halfWidths[i];
Vector3F v2 = start + orthonormal * halfWidths[i];
if (i > 0)
ClampHeightsToQuad(terrain, previousV1, previousV2, v1, v2);
previousV1 = v1;
previousV2 = v2;
lastOrthonormal = orthonormal;
// The flattened points list contains 2 points per line segment, which means that there
// are duplicate intermediate points, which we skip.
bool isLastLineSegment = (i + 2 == flattenedPoints.Count);
if (!isLastLineSegment)
i++;
}
}
terrain.Invalidate();
}