/// <summary>
/// converts a cartesian form vector to a polar form angle
/// </summary>
/// <param name="direction">the direction vector being converted</param>
/// <returns>the polar form angle</returns>
public static float CartesianToPolar(Vector direction)
{
if (direction.X == 0 && direction.Y == 0) // has no direction, so return angle of 0
{
return 0;
}
else
{
return (float)Math.Atan2((double)direction.X, -(double)direction.Y);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// sets up and begins new round
/// </summary>
/// <param name="form">the form being used for the game</param>
public static void StartNew(Form form)
{
LeftMovement1 = false;
RightMovement1 = false;
LeftMovement2 = false;
RightMovement2 = false;
LastPlayerHit = Player.Player1;
LabelLevels.Text = "Levels Completed: " + LevelsCompleted.ToString();
UpdateScores();
Balls = new List<Ball>();
Blocks = new List<Block>();
FormSize = new Vector(form.Size.Width, form.Size.Height - 100);
PictureBox paddle1 = new PictureBox();
form.Controls.Add(paddle1);
if (CurrentMode == GameMode.Coop || CurrentMode == GameMode.Versus) // 2 player
{
PictureBox paddle2 = new PictureBox();
form.Controls.Add(paddle2);
PaddleObject2 = new Paddle(paddle2, new Vector(FormSize.X * 0.75f, FormSize.Y));
PaddleObject1 = new Paddle(paddle1, new Vector(FormSize.X * 0.25f, FormSize.Y));
}
else // 1 player
{
PaddleObject1 = new Paddle(paddle1, new Vector(FormSize.X * 0.5f, FormSize.Y));
PaddleObject2 = null;
}
currentForm = form;
BallsInPlay = 0;
AddBall();
int blockRows = ((CurrentMode == GameMode.Classic) ? DefaultBlockRows : BlockRows);
int blockColumns = ((CurrentMode == GameMode.Classic) ? DefaultBlockColumns : BlockColumns);
int blockWidth = (int)FormSize.X / blockColumns;
int blockHeight = (int)FormSize.Y / 3 / blockRows;
const int blockFrame = 4;
for (int x = 0; x < blockColumns; x++)
{
for (int y = 0; y < blockRows; y++)
{
float rowPercentage = (float)y / (float)blockRows;
PictureBox newPictureBox = new PictureBox();
newPictureBox.BackColor = Color.FromArgb((int)Math.Round(255 * Math.Max(0, 1 - rowPercentage * 2), 0), (int)Math.Round(255 * (1 - 2 * Math.Abs(0.5f - rowPercentage)), 0), (int)Math.Round(255 * Math.Max(0, rowPercentage * 2 - 1), 0));
currentForm.Controls.Add(newPictureBox);
Vector newBlockPosition = new Vector(x * blockWidth + blockFrame * 0.5f, y * blockHeight + blockFrame * 0.5f);
Vector newBlockSize = new Vector(blockWidth - blockFrame, blockHeight - blockFrame);
Block newBlock = new Block(newPictureBox, newBlockPosition, newBlockSize);
newBlock.Points = 50 + 50 * (blockRows - y);
}
}
gameThread = new Thread(GameThread);
gameThread.IsBackground = true;
gameThread.Start();
form.Disposed += delegate { gameThread.Abort(); };
InPlay = true;
}
/// <summary>
/// calculates whether or not 2 boxes intersect using the AABB bounding boxes method
/// </summary>
/// <param name="position1">the vector position of the first box</param>
/// <param name="size1">the vector size of the first box</param>
/// <param name="position2">the vector position of the second box</param>
/// <param name="size2">the vector size of the second box</param>
/// <returns>whether the boxes intersect of not</returns>
public static bool Intersects(Vector position1, Vector size1, Vector position2, Vector size2)
{
return (position1.X + size1.X >= position2.X && position1.X <= position2.X + size2.X && position1.Y + size1.Y >= position2.Y && position1.Y <= position2.Y + size2.Y);
}
/// <summary>
/// try to move the ball. Handles block, paddle and wall collisions
/// </summary>
/// <param name="newVelocity">the velocity the ball is trying to move with</param>
/// <param name="timeElapsed">the time since the last move</param>
private void Move(Vector newVelocity, float timeElapsed)
{
Vector positionChange = Vector.Mul(newVelocity, timeElapsed * 1000);
Vector position = this.Position;
Vector size = this.Size;
Vector newPosition = Vector.Add(position, positionChange);
List<Block> blocksHit = new List<Block>();
List<int> collidedRays = new List<int>();
bool reflectedX = false;
bool reflectedY = false;
foreach (Block block in Game.Blocks)
{
if (Box.Intersects(block.Position, block.Size, newPosition, size))
{
//blockHit = true;
// IMPORTANT --
// Each Vector ray of ball in collideswith algorithms SHOULD only be collided with once.
// More than once can result in blocks being destroyed that shouldn't!!!
CollisionReturn collisionBlockReturn = CollidesWithBlock(block, position, positionChange, collidedRays);
if (collisionBlockReturn.Intersects) // hits a block
{
if ((collisionBlockReturn.Edge == 0 || collisionBlockReturn.Edge == 2) && !reflectedY) // Y
{
newVelocity.Y *= -1;
reflectedY = true;
}
if ((collisionBlockReturn.Edge == 1 || collisionBlockReturn.Edge == 3) && !reflectedX) // X
{
newVelocity.X *= -1;
reflectedX = true;
}
this.Velocity = newVelocity;
blocksHit.Add(block);
collidedRays.Add(collisionBlockReturn.Ray);
}
}
}
foreach (Block block in blocksHit)
{
Game.DestroyBlock(block);
}
if (blocksHit.Count <= 0)
{
if (Box.Intersects(Game.PaddleObject1.Position, Game.PaddleObject1.Size, newPosition, size))
{
CollisionReturn collisionPaddleReturn = CollidesWithPaddle(Game.PaddleObject1, position, positionChange);
//System.Console.WriteLine(collisionPaddleReturn.Intersects + ", " + collisionPaddleReturn.length + ", " + collisionPaddleReturn.Edge);
if (collisionPaddleReturn.Intersects) // hits paddle
{
Game.LastPlayerHit = Player.Player1;
// ID EDGE IS 0 THEN ADD SPIN + ANGLE
if (collisionPaddleReturn.Edge == 0 || collisionPaddleReturn.Edge == 2) // Y
{
newVelocity.Y *= -1;
float speed = this.Speed;
float currentAngle = Angles.CartesianToPolar(newVelocity);
float newAngle = (position.X + size.X * 0.5f - Game.PaddleObject1.Position.X - Game.PaddleObject1.Size.X * 0.5f) / 175 * 90 + Game.PaddleObject1.Speed * 30; // left - negative angle, right - positive angle
newAngle += Angles.Deg(currentAngle);
while (newAngle < 0)
{
newAngle += 360;
}
if (newAngle < 180)
{
newAngle = Math.Min(newAngle, 85);
}
else
{
newAngle = Math.Max(newAngle, 275);
}
Vector newDirection = Angles.PolarToCartesian(Angles.Rad(newAngle));
newVelocity = Vector.Mul(newDirection, speed);
//newVelocity = new Vector((float)Math.Round(newVelocity.X, 0), (float)Math.Round(newVelocity.Y, 0));
}
else // X - 1 || 3
{
// 2 different edges have raycast at same distance, therefore wrong edge can be chosen when ball hits very edge
newVelocity.X *= -1;
}
this.Velocity = newVelocity;
Move(newVelocity, timeElapsed);
}
}
else if (Game.PaddleObject2 != null && Box.Intersects(Game.PaddleObject2.Position, Game.PaddleObject2.Size, newPosition, size))
{
CollisionReturn collisionPaddleReturn = CollidesWithPaddle(Game.PaddleObject2, position, positionChange);
//System.Console.WriteLine(collisionPaddleReturn.Intersects + ", " + collisionPaddleReturn.length + ", " + collisionPaddleReturn.Edge);
if (collisionPaddleReturn.Intersects) // hits paddle
{
Game.LastPlayerHit = Player.Player2;
// ID EDGE IS 0 THEN ADD SPIN + ANGLE
if (collisionPaddleReturn.Edge == 0 || collisionPaddleReturn.Edge == 2) // Y
{
newVelocity.Y *= -1;
float speed = this.Speed;
float currentAngle = Angles.CartesianToPolar(newVelocity);
float newAngle = (position.X + size.X * 0.5f - Game.PaddleObject2.Position.X - Game.PaddleObject2.Size.X * 0.5f) / 175 * 90 + Game.PaddleObject2.Speed * 30; // left - negative angle, right - positive angle
newAngle += Angles.Deg(currentAngle);
while (newAngle < 0)
{
newAngle += 360;
}
if (newAngle < 180)
{
newAngle = Math.Min(newAngle, 85);
}
else
{
newAngle = Math.Max(newAngle, 275);
}
Vector newDirection = Angles.PolarToCartesian(Angles.Rad(newAngle));
newVelocity = Vector.Mul(newDirection, speed);
//newVelocity = new Vector((float)Math.Round(newVelocity.X, 0), (float)Math.Round(newVelocity.Y, 0));
}
else // X - 1 || 3
{
// 2 different edges have raycast at same distance, therefore wrong edge can be chosen when ball hits very edge
newVelocity.X *= -1;
}
this.Velocity = newVelocity;
Move(newVelocity, timeElapsed);
}
}
else // check walls
{
bool velocityChanged = false;
bool ballDestroyed = false;
if (newPosition.X < 0)
{
newVelocity.X *= -1;
velocityChanged = true;
}
if (newPosition.X + size.X > Game.FormSize.X)
{
newVelocity.X *= -1;
velocityChanged = true;
}
if (newPosition.Y < 0)
{
newVelocity.Y *= -1;
velocityChanged = true;
}
if (newPosition.Y + size.Y > Game.FormSize.Y)
{
Game.DestroyBall(this);
ballDestroyed = true;
}
if (!ballDestroyed)
{
if (velocityChanged)
{
this.Velocity = newVelocity;
Move(newVelocity, timeElapsed);
}
else
{
this.Position = newPosition;
}
}
}
}
else
{
Move(newVelocity, timeElapsed);
}
}
public int Points; // how many points the block awards when destroyed
#endregion Fields
#region Constructors
// class constructor. A block will not move, so I can set the edges at creation, assuming they will never move
public Block(PictureBox picture, Vector position, Vector size)
{
PictureBox = picture;
Position = position;
Size = size;
Edges[TopEdge] = new Ray(position, new Vector(Size.X, 0)); // top edge
Edges[RightEdge] = new Ray(Vector.Add(position, new Vector(Size.X, 0)), new Vector(0, Size.Y)); // right edge
Edges[BottomEdge] = new Ray(Vector.Add(position, new Vector(0, Size.Y)), new Vector(Size.X, 0)); // bottom edge
Edges[LeftEdge] = new Ray(position, new Vector(0, Size.Y)); // left edge
Game.Blocks.Add(this);
}
/// <summary>
/// calculates collisions between the ball and a block, and finds the block surface tha was hit
/// </summary>
/// <param name="block">the block being hit</param>
/// <param name="newPosition">the position the ball has</param>
/// <param name="newVelocity">the velocity the ball is trying to move with</param>
/// <param name="collidedRays">a list of rayIDs which have already collided with a surface</param>
/// <returns>the position, length and surface of the collision</returns>
public CollisionReturn CollidesWithBlock(Block block, Vector newPosition, Vector newVelocity, List<int> collidedRays)
{
// vector rays of moving ball
Ray[] Vectors = new Ray[4];
Vectors[TopEdge] = new Ray(newPosition, newVelocity);
Vectors[RightEdge] = new Ray(Vector.Add(newPosition, new Vector(Size.X, 0)), newVelocity);
Vectors[BottomEdge] = new Ray(Vector.Add(newPosition, new Vector(0, Size.Y)), newVelocity);
Vectors[LeftEdge] = new Ray(Vector.Add(newPosition, new Vector(Size.X, Size.Y)), newVelocity);
CollisionReturn collisionReturn = new CollisionReturn(false);
int rayID = 0;
foreach (Ray ray in Vectors)
{
int edgeID = 0;
if (!collidedRays.Contains(rayID)) // if the ray being used hasn't already collided with a box
{
// check every edge of the block
foreach (Ray edge in block.Edges)
{
RaycastReturn raycastReturn = Ray.Raycast(ray, edge); // see if the ray meets the edge
if (raycastReturn.Intersects)
{
// if there has already been a collision, check for a shorter one
if (collisionReturn.Intersects)
{
if (raycastReturn.length < collisionReturn.length) // if the ball velocity ray hits this edge before any other ray hits an edge
{
collisionReturn = new CollisionReturn(raycastReturn);
collisionReturn.Edge = edgeID;
collisionReturn.Ray = rayID;
}
}
// haven't had a ray collision yet, so use this collision by default
else
{
collisionReturn = new CollisionReturn(raycastReturn);
collisionReturn.Edge = edgeID;
collisionReturn.Ray = rayID;
}
}
edgeID++; // check next edge
}
}
rayID++; // check next ray
}
return collisionReturn; // return results
}
/// <summary>
/// calculates collisions between the ball and a paddle, and finds the paddle surface that was hit
/// </summary>
/// <param name="paddle">the paddle that is being hit</param>
/// <param name="newPosition">the position the ball has</param>
/// <param name="newVelocity">the velocity the ball is trying to move with</param>
/// <returns>the position, length and surface of the collision</returns>
public CollisionReturn CollidesWithPaddle(Paddle paddle, Vector newPosition, Vector newVelocity)
{
Ray[] Vectors = new Ray[4]; // vector rays of moving ball
Vectors[TopEdge] = new Ray(newPosition, newVelocity);
Vectors[RightEdge] = new Ray(Vector.Add(newPosition, new Vector(Size.X, 0)), newVelocity);
Vectors[BottomEdge] = new Ray(Vector.Add(newPosition, new Vector(0, Size.Y)), newVelocity);
Vectors[LeftEdge] = new Ray(Vector.Add(newPosition, new Vector(Size.X, Size.Y)), newVelocity);
CollisionReturn collisionReturn = new CollisionReturn(false);
foreach (Ray ray in Vectors)
{
int edgeID = 0;
foreach (Ray edge in paddle.Edges)
{
RaycastReturn raycastReturn = Ray.Raycast(ray, edge);
if (raycastReturn.Intersects)
{
if (collisionReturn.Intersects)
{
if (raycastReturn.length < collisionReturn.length)
{
collisionReturn = new CollisionReturn(raycastReturn);
collisionReturn.Edge = edgeID;
}
}
else
{
collisionReturn = new CollisionReturn(raycastReturn);
collisionReturn.Edge = edgeID;
}
}
edgeID++;
}
}
return collisionReturn;
}
/// <summary>
/// to simplify adding 2 vectors together
/// </summary>
/// <param name="vector1">the first vector being added</param>
/// <param name="vector2">the second vector being added</param>
/// <returns>the composition of the 2 vectors</returns>
public static Vector Add(Vector vector1, Vector vector2)
{
return new Vector(vector1.X + vector2.X, vector1.Y + vector2.Y);
}
/// <summary>
/// to simplify multiplying a vector by a scale factor
/// </summary>
/// <param name="vector">the vector being multiplied</param>
/// <param name="alpha">the scale factor to multiply it with</param>
/// <returns>the product of the vector and the scale factor</returns>
public static Vector Mul(Vector vector, float alpha)
{
return new Vector(vector.X * alpha, vector.Y * alpha);
}
/// <summary>
/// will check for collisions between 2 rays and return the results
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ray1">the first ray in the collision</param>
/// <param name="ray2">the second ray in the collision</param>
/// <returns>the position and length of the raycast collision</returns>
public static RaycastReturn Raycast(Ray ray1, Ray ray2)
{
// shorten the variable names
float x1 = ray1.Position.X;
float y1 = ray1.Position.Y;
float a1 = ray1.Direction.X;
float b1 = ray1.Direction.Y;
float x2 = ray2.Position.X;
float y2 = ray2.Position.Y;
float a2 = ray2.Direction.X;
float b2 = ray2.Direction.Y;
if (a1 * b2 == a2 * b1) // parallel, so won't collide
{
return new RaycastReturn(false); // rays don't collide, so return false collision
}
else // they collide at some point, given their lengths are infinite
{
float i = (x2 * b2 + a2 * y1 - a2 * y2 - x1 * b2) / (a1 * b2 - a2 * b1); // distance between start and collision along ray1
Vector position = new Vector(x1 + i * a1, y1 + i * b1); // form coordinates of collision
if (i > 1 || i < 0) // outside length of ray1
{
return new RaycastReturn(false); // do not meet each other, so return false collision
}
else // they collide within their lengths
{
float length = i * ray1.Length; // length of ray1 up to collision
return new RaycastReturn(true, position, length); // return true collision
}
}
}
// detailed class constructor for (true) raycast collisions
public RaycastReturn(bool intersects, Vector position, float length)
{
this.Intersects = intersects;
this.Position = position;
this.length = length;
}
public Vector Velocity; // the speed and direction of the ball in vector form
#endregion Fields
#region Constructors
// class constructor, requires a picturebox and a starting velocity
public Ball(PictureBox picture, Vector velocity)
{
this.PictureBox = picture;
this.Velocity = velocity;
// the game is in a 2 player mode, and player 2 lost the ball, so player 2 gets the new ball
if ((Game.CurrentMode == GameMode.Coop || Game.CurrentMode == GameMode.Versus) && Game.LastPlayerLost == Player.Player2)
{
this.Position = new Vector(Game.PaddleObject2.Position.X + Game.PaddleObject2.Size.X * 0.5f - Size.X * 0.5f, Game.PaddleObject2.Position.Y - Size.Y);
Game.LastPlayerHit = Player.Player2; // player 2 starts with the ball
}
// otherwise player1 gets the ball
else
{
this.Position = new Vector(Game.PaddleObject1.Position.X + Game.PaddleObject1.Size.X * 0.5f - Size.X * 0.5f, Game.PaddleObject1.Position.Y - Size.Y);//new Vector(Game.FormSize.X * 0.5f - Size.X * 0.5f, Game.FormSize.Y * 0.5f - Size.Y * 0.5f);
Game.LastPlayerHit = Player.Player1; // player 1 starts with the new ball
}
Game.Balls.Add(this);
}
// class constructor for length if unit direction vector is given
public Ray(Vector position, Vector direction, float length)
{
this.Position = position;
this.Direction = direction;
this.Length = length;
}
// class constructor with position and direction
public Ray(Vector position, Vector direction)
{
this.Position = position;
this.Direction = direction;
}
public Vector Position; // form coordinates of the ray
#endregion Fields
#region Constructors
// empty ray class constructor
public Ray()
{
this.Position = new Vector();
this.Direction = new Vector();
}
private Ray[] edges = new Ray[4]; // privately stored box edges to be used internally, as it should only be set by CalculateEdges()
#endregion Fields
#region Constructors
// class constructor, needs a picturebox and a starting position. The edges are not calculated as they are not needed at the start, and can still be used later
public Paddle(PictureBox pictureBox, Vector position)
{
PictureBox = pictureBox;
PictureBox.BackColor = Color.DodgerBlue;
PictureBox.Size = new Size(150, 25);
Position = new Vector(position.X - Size.X * 0.5f, position.Y - Size.Y);
}