/// <summary>
/// Resolves the address of an address, pointer, or managed object.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The base address of this object.</returns>
protected override UInt64 ResolveAddress()
{
UInt64 pointer = Query.Default.ResolveModule(this.ModuleName);
Boolean successReading = true;
pointer = pointer.Add(this.ModuleOffset);
if (this.PointerOffsets == null || this.PointerOffsets.Count() == 0)
{
return(pointer);
}
foreach (Int32 offset in this.PointerOffsets)
{
if (Processes.Default.IsOpenedProcess32Bit())
{
pointer = Reader.Default.Read <Int32>(pointer, out successReading).ToUInt64();
}
else
{
pointer = Reader.Default.Read <UInt64>(pointer, out successReading);
}
if (pointer == 0 || !successReading)
{
pointer = 0;
break;
}
pointer = pointer.Add(offset);
}
return(pointer);
}
public UInt64 EvaluatePointer(UInt64 address, IEnumerable <int> offsets)
{
UInt64 finalAddress = address;
if (!offsets.IsNullOrEmpty())
{
// Add and trace offsets
foreach (Int32 offset in offsets.Take(offsets.Count() - 1))
{
if (Processes.Default.IsOpenedProcess32Bit())
{
finalAddress = this.Read <UInt32>(finalAddress.Add(offset), out _);
}
else
{
finalAddress = this.Read <UInt64>(finalAddress, out _).Add(offset);
}
}
// The last offset is added, but not traced
finalAddress = finalAddress.Add(offsets.Last());
}
return(finalAddress);
}
/// <summary>
/// Resolves the address of an address, pointer, or managed object.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The base address of this object.</returns>
protected override UInt64 ResolveAddress()
{
UInt64 pointer = MemoryQueryer.Instance.ResolveModule(processSession?.OpenedProcess, this.ModuleName);
pointer = pointer.Add(this.ModuleOffset);
if (this.PointerOffsets == null || this.PointerOffsets.Count() == 0)
{
return(pointer);
}
foreach (Int32 offset in this.PointerOffsets)
{
bool successReading = false;
if (processSession?.OpenedProcess?.Is32Bit() ?? false)
{
pointer = MemoryReader.Instance.Read <Int32>(processSession?.OpenedProcess, pointer, out successReading).ToUInt64();
}
else
{
pointer = MemoryReader.Instance.Read <UInt64>(processSession?.OpenedProcess, pointer, out successReading);
}
if (pointer == 0 || !successReading)
{
return(0);
}
pointer = pointer.Add(offset);
}
return(pointer);
}
/// <summary>
/// Reserves a region of memory within the virtual address space of a specified process.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="processHandle">The handle to a process.</param>
/// <param name="allocAddress">The rough address of where the allocation should take place.</param>
/// <param name="size">The size of the region of memory to allocate, in bytes.</param>
/// <param name="protectionFlags">The memory protection for the region of pages to be allocated.</param>
/// <param name="allocationFlags">The type of memory allocation.</param>
/// <returns>The base address of the allocated region</returns>
public static UInt64 Allocate(
IntPtr processHandle,
UInt64 allocAddress,
Int32 size,
MemoryProtectionFlags protectionFlags = MemoryProtectionFlags.ExecuteReadWrite,
MemoryAllocationFlags allocationFlags = MemoryAllocationFlags.Commit | MemoryAllocationFlags.Reserve)
{
if (allocAddress != 0)
{
/* A specific address has been given. We will modify it to support the following constraints:
* - Aligned by 0x10000 / 65536
* - Pointing to an unallocated region of memory
* - Within +/- 2GB (using 1GB for safety) of address space of the originally specified address, such as to always be in range of a far jump instruction
* Note: A retry count has been put in place because VirtualAllocEx with an allocAddress specified may be invalid by the time we request the allocation.
*/
UInt64 result = 0;
Int32 retryCount = 0;
// Request all chunks of unallocated memory. These will be very large in a 64-bit process.
IEnumerable <MemoryBasicInformation64> freeMemory = Memory.QueryUnallocatedMemory(
processHandle,
allocAddress.Subtract(Int32.MaxValue >> 1, wrapAround: false),
allocAddress.Add(Int32.MaxValue >> 1, wrapAround: false));
// Convert to normalized regions
IEnumerable <NormalizedRegion> regions = freeMemory.Select(x => new NormalizedRegion(x.BaseAddress.ToUInt64(), x.RegionSize.ToInt32()));
// Chunk the large regions into smaller regions based on the allocation size (minimum size is the alloc alignment to prevent creating too many chunks)
List <NormalizedRegion> subRegions = new List <NormalizedRegion>();
foreach (NormalizedRegion region in regions)
{
region.BaseAddress = region.BaseAddress.Subtract(region.BaseAddress.Mod(Memory.AllocAlignment), wrapAround: false);
IEnumerable <NormalizedRegion> chunkedRegions = region.ChunkNormalizedRegion(Math.Max(size, Memory.AllocAlignment)).Take(128).Where(x => x.RegionSize >= size);
subRegions.AddRange(chunkedRegions);
}
do
{
// Sample a random chunk and attempt to allocate the memory
result = subRegions.ElementAt(StaticRandom.Next(0, subRegions.Count())).BaseAddress;
result = NativeMethods.VirtualAllocEx(processHandle, result.ToIntPtr(), size, allocationFlags, protectionFlags).ToUInt64();
if (result != 0 || retryCount >= Memory.AllocateRetryCount)
{
break;
}
retryCount++;
}while (result == 0);
return(result);
}
else
{
// Allocate a memory page
return(NativeMethods.VirtualAllocEx(processHandle, allocAddress.ToIntPtr(), size, allocationFlags, protectionFlags).ToUInt64());
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Determines the address that a code cave would need to return to, if one were to be created at the specified address.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="address">The address of the code cave.</param>
/// <returns>The address to which the code cave will return upon completion.</returns>
public UInt64 GetCaveExitAddress(UInt64 address)
{
this.PrintDebugTag();
Byte[] originalBytes = this.CollectOriginalBytes(address, MemoryCore.JumpSize);
Int32 originalByteSize;
if (originalBytes != null && originalBytes.Length < MemoryCore.JumpSize)
{
// Determine the size of the minimum number of instructions we will be overwriting
originalByteSize = originalBytes.Length;
}
else
{
// Fall back if something goes wrong
originalByteSize = MemoryCore.JumpSize;
}
address = address.Add(originalByteSize);
return(address);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets regions of memory allocated in the remote process based on provided parameters.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="requiredProtection">Protection flags required to be present.</param>
/// <param name="excludedProtection">Protection flags that must not be present.</param>
/// <param name="allowedTypes">Memory types that can be present.</param>
/// <param name="startAddress">The start address of the query range.</param>
/// <param name="endAddress">The end address of the query range.</param>
/// <returns>A collection of pointers to virtual pages in the target process.</returns>
public IEnumerable <NormalizedRegion> GetVirtualPages(
Process process,
MemoryProtectionEnum requiredProtection,
MemoryProtectionEnum excludedProtection,
MemoryTypeEnum allowedTypes,
UInt64 startAddress,
UInt64 endAddress)
{
MemoryProtectionFlags requiredFlags = 0;
MemoryProtectionFlags excludedFlags = 0;
if ((requiredProtection & MemoryProtectionEnum.Write) != 0)
{
requiredFlags |= MemoryProtectionFlags.ExecuteReadWrite;
requiredFlags |= MemoryProtectionFlags.ReadWrite;
}
if ((requiredProtection & MemoryProtectionEnum.Execute) != 0)
{
requiredFlags |= MemoryProtectionFlags.Execute;
requiredFlags |= MemoryProtectionFlags.ExecuteRead;
requiredFlags |= MemoryProtectionFlags.ExecuteReadWrite;
requiredFlags |= MemoryProtectionFlags.ExecuteWriteCopy;
}
if ((requiredProtection & MemoryProtectionEnum.CopyOnWrite) != 0)
{
requiredFlags |= MemoryProtectionFlags.WriteCopy;
requiredFlags |= MemoryProtectionFlags.ExecuteWriteCopy;
}
if ((excludedProtection & MemoryProtectionEnum.Write) != 0)
{
excludedFlags |= MemoryProtectionFlags.ExecuteReadWrite;
excludedFlags |= MemoryProtectionFlags.ReadWrite;
}
if ((excludedProtection & MemoryProtectionEnum.Execute) != 0)
{
excludedFlags |= MemoryProtectionFlags.Execute;
excludedFlags |= MemoryProtectionFlags.ExecuteRead;
excludedFlags |= MemoryProtectionFlags.ExecuteReadWrite;
excludedFlags |= MemoryProtectionFlags.ExecuteWriteCopy;
}
if ((excludedProtection & MemoryProtectionEnum.CopyOnWrite) != 0)
{
excludedFlags |= MemoryProtectionFlags.WriteCopy;
excludedFlags |= MemoryProtectionFlags.ExecuteWriteCopy;
}
IEnumerable <MemoryBasicInformation64> memoryInfo = WindowsMemoryQuery.VirtualPages(process == null ? IntPtr.Zero : process.Handle, startAddress, endAddress, requiredFlags, excludedFlags, allowedTypes);
IList <NormalizedRegion> regions = new List <NormalizedRegion>();
foreach (MemoryBasicInformation64 next in memoryInfo)
{
if (next.RegionSize < ChunkSize)
{
regions.Add(new NormalizedRegion(next.BaseAddress.ToUInt64(), next.RegionSize.ToInt32()));
}
else
{
// This region requires chunking
Int64 remaining = next.RegionSize;
UInt64 currentBaseAddress = next.BaseAddress.ToUInt64();
while (remaining >= ChunkSize)
{
regions.Add(new NormalizedRegion(currentBaseAddress, ChunkSize));
remaining -= ChunkSize;
currentBaseAddress = currentBaseAddress.Add(ChunkSize, wrapAround: false);
}
if (remaining > 0)
{
regions.Add(new NormalizedRegion(currentBaseAddress, remaining.ToInt32()));
}
}
}
return(regions);
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves information about a range of pages within the virtual address space of a specified process.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="processHandle">A handle to the process whose memory information is queried.</param>
/// <param name="startAddress">A pointer to the starting address of the region of pages to be queried.</param>
/// <param name="endAddress">A pointer to the ending address of the region of pages to be queried.</param>
/// <param name="requiredProtection">Protection flags required to be present.</param>
/// <param name="excludedProtection">Protection flags that must not be present.</param>
/// <param name="allowedTypes">Memory types that can be present.</param>
/// <returns>
/// A collection of <see cref="MemoryBasicInformation64"/> structures containing info about all virtual pages in the target process.
/// </returns>
private static IEnumerable <MemoryBasicInformation64> VirtualPages(
IntPtr processHandle,
UInt64 startAddress,
UInt64 endAddress,
MemoryProtectionFlags requiredProtection,
MemoryProtectionFlags excludedProtection,
MemoryTypeEnum allowedTypes)
{
if (startAddress >= endAddress)
{
yield return(new MemoryBasicInformation64());
}
Boolean wrappedAround = false;
Int32 queryResult;
// Enumerate the memory pages
do
{
// Allocate the structure to store information of memory
MemoryBasicInformation64 memoryInfo = new MemoryBasicInformation64();
if (!Environment.Is64BitProcess)
{
// 32 Bit struct is not the same
MemoryBasicInformation32 memoryInfo32 = new MemoryBasicInformation32();
// Query the memory region (32 bit native method)
queryResult = NativeMethods.VirtualQueryEx(processHandle, startAddress.ToIntPtr(), out memoryInfo32, Marshal.SizeOf(memoryInfo32));
// Copy from the 32 bit struct to the 64 bit struct
memoryInfo.AllocationBase = memoryInfo32.AllocationBase;
memoryInfo.AllocationProtect = memoryInfo32.AllocationProtect;
memoryInfo.BaseAddress = memoryInfo32.BaseAddress;
memoryInfo.Protect = memoryInfo32.Protect;
memoryInfo.RegionSize = memoryInfo32.RegionSize;
memoryInfo.State = memoryInfo32.State;
memoryInfo.Type = memoryInfo32.Type;
}
else
{
// Query the memory region (64 bit native method)
queryResult = NativeMethods.VirtualQueryEx(processHandle, startAddress.ToIntPtr(), out memoryInfo, Marshal.SizeOf(memoryInfo));
}
// Increment the starting address with the size of the page
UInt64 previousFrom = startAddress;
startAddress = startAddress.Add(memoryInfo.RegionSize);
if (previousFrom > startAddress)
{
wrappedAround = true;
}
// Ignore free memory. These are unallocated memory regions.
if ((memoryInfo.State & MemoryStateFlags.Free) != 0)
{
continue;
}
// At least one readable memory flag is required
if ((memoryInfo.Protect & MemoryProtectionFlags.ReadOnly) == 0 && (memoryInfo.Protect & MemoryProtectionFlags.ExecuteRead) == 0 &&
(memoryInfo.Protect & MemoryProtectionFlags.ExecuteReadWrite) == 0 && (memoryInfo.Protect & MemoryProtectionFlags.ReadWrite) == 0)
{
continue;
}
// Do not bother with this shit, this memory is not worth scanning
if ((memoryInfo.Protect & MemoryProtectionFlags.ZeroAccess) != 0 || (memoryInfo.Protect & MemoryProtectionFlags.NoAccess) != 0 || (memoryInfo.Protect & MemoryProtectionFlags.Guard) != 0)
{
continue;
}
// Enforce allowed types
switch (memoryInfo.Type)
{
case MemoryTypeFlags.None:
if ((allowedTypes & MemoryTypeEnum.None) == 0)
{
continue;
}
break;
case MemoryTypeFlags.Private:
if ((allowedTypes & MemoryTypeEnum.Private) == 0)
{
continue;
}
break;
case MemoryTypeFlags.Image:
if ((allowedTypes & MemoryTypeEnum.Image) == 0)
{
continue;
}
break;
case MemoryTypeFlags.Mapped:
if ((allowedTypes & MemoryTypeEnum.Mapped) == 0)
{
continue;
}
break;
}
// Ensure at least one required protection flag is set
if (requiredProtection != 0 && (memoryInfo.Protect & requiredProtection) == 0)
{
continue;
}
// Ensure no ignored protection flags are set
if (excludedProtection != 0 && (memoryInfo.Protect & excludedProtection) != 0)
{
continue;
}
// Return the memory page
yield return(memoryInfo);
}while (startAddress < endAddress && queryResult != 0 && !wrappedAround);
}
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves information about a range of pages within the virtual address space of a specified process.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="processHandle">A handle to the process whose memory information is queried.</param>
/// <param name="startAddress">A pointer to the starting address of the region of pages to be queried.</param>
/// <param name="endAddress">A pointer to the ending address of the region of pages to be queried.</param>
/// <returns>
/// A collection of <see cref="MemoryBasicInformation64"/> structures containing info about all virtual pages in the target process.
/// </returns>
public static IEnumerable <MemoryBasicInformation64> QueryUnallocatedMemory(
IntPtr processHandle,
UInt64 startAddress,
UInt64 endAddress)
{
if (startAddress >= endAddress)
{
yield return(new MemoryBasicInformation64());
}
Boolean wrappedAround = false;
Int32 queryResult;
// Enumerate the memory pages
do
{
// Allocate the structure to store information of memory
MemoryBasicInformation64 memoryInfo = new MemoryBasicInformation64();
if (!Environment.Is64BitProcess)
{
// 32 Bit struct is not the same
MemoryBasicInformation32 memoryInfo32 = new MemoryBasicInformation32();
// Query the memory region (32 bit native method)
queryResult = NativeMethods.VirtualQueryEx(processHandle, startAddress.ToIntPtr(), out memoryInfo32, Marshal.SizeOf(memoryInfo32));
// Copy from the 32 bit struct to the 64 bit struct
memoryInfo.AllocationBase = memoryInfo32.AllocationBase;
memoryInfo.AllocationProtect = memoryInfo32.AllocationProtect;
memoryInfo.BaseAddress = memoryInfo32.BaseAddress;
memoryInfo.Protect = memoryInfo32.Protect;
memoryInfo.RegionSize = memoryInfo32.RegionSize;
memoryInfo.State = memoryInfo32.State;
memoryInfo.Type = memoryInfo32.Type;
}
else
{
// Query the memory region (64 bit native method)
queryResult = NativeMethods.VirtualQueryEx(processHandle, startAddress.ToIntPtr(), out memoryInfo, Marshal.SizeOf(memoryInfo));
}
// Increment the starting address with the size of the page
UInt64 previousFrom = startAddress;
startAddress = startAddress.Add(memoryInfo.RegionSize);
if (previousFrom > startAddress)
{
wrappedAround = true;
}
if ((memoryInfo.State & MemoryStateFlags.Free) != 0)
{
// Return the unallocated memory page
yield return(memoryInfo);
}
else
{
// Ignore actual memory
continue;
}
}while (startAddress < endAddress && queryResult != 0 && !wrappedAround);
}