public void PerformsLimitFillSell()
{
var model = new SecurityTransactionModel();
var order = new LimitOrder(Symbols.SPY, -100, 101.5m, Noon);
var config = CreateTradeBarConfig(Symbols.SPY);
var security = new Security(SecurityExchangeHoursTests.CreateUsEquitySecurityExchangeHours(), config, new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency));
security.SetLocalTimeKeeper(TimeKeeper.GetLocalTimeKeeper(TimeZones.NewYork));
security.SetMarketPrice(new IndicatorDataPoint(Symbols.SPY, Noon, 101m));
var fill = model.LimitFill(security, order);
Assert.AreEqual(0, fill.FillQuantity);
Assert.AreEqual(0, fill.FillPrice);
Assert.AreEqual(OrderStatus.None, fill.Status);
security.SetMarketPrice(new TradeBar(Noon, Symbols.SPY, 102m, 103m, 101m, 102.3m, 100));
fill = model.LimitFill(security, order);
// this fills worst case scenario, so it's at the limit price
Assert.AreEqual(order.Quantity, fill.FillQuantity);
Assert.AreEqual(Math.Max(order.LimitPrice, security.Low), fill.FillPrice);
Assert.AreEqual(OrderStatus.Filled, fill.Status);
}
public void EnsureCurrencyDataFeedDoesNotMarkIsCurrencyDataFeedForExistantSubscriptions()
{
const int quantity = 100;
const decimal conversionRate = 1 / 100m;
var cash = new Cash("JPY", quantity, conversionRate);
var cashBook = new CashBook();
cashBook.Add("JPY", cash);
var subscriptions = new SubscriptionManager(TimeKeeper);
var securities = new SecurityManager(TimeKeeper);
securities.Add(Symbols.USDJPY, new Security(SecurityExchangeHours, subscriptions.Add(Symbols.USDJPY, Resolution.Minute, TimeZone, TimeZone), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency)));
cash.EnsureCurrencyDataFeed(securities, subscriptions, MarketHoursDatabase.AlwaysOpen, SymbolPropertiesDatabase.FromDataFolder(), MarketMap, cashBook);
var config = subscriptions.Subscriptions.Single(x => x.Symbol == Symbols.USDJPY);
Assert.IsFalse(config.IsInternalFeed);
}
public void EnsureCurrencyDataFeedAddsSubscription()
{
const int quantity = 100;
const decimal conversionRate = 1 / 100m;
var cash = new Cash("JPY", quantity, conversionRate);
var cashBook = new CashBook();
cashBook.Add("JPY", cash);
var subscriptions = new SubscriptionManager(TimeKeeper);
var abcConfig = subscriptions.Add(Symbols.SPY, Resolution.Minute, TimeZone, TimeZone);
var securities = new SecurityManager(TimeKeeper);
securities.Add(Symbols.SPY, new Security(SecurityExchangeHours, abcConfig, new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency)));
cash.EnsureCurrencyDataFeed(securities, subscriptions, MarketHoursDatabase.AlwaysOpen, SymbolPropertiesDatabase.FromDataFolder(), MarketMap, cashBook);
Assert.AreEqual(1, subscriptions.Subscriptions.Count(x => x.Symbol == Symbols.USDJPY));
Assert.AreEqual(1, securities.Values.Count(x => x.Symbol == Symbols.USDJPY));
}
public void TestShortCallsITM()
{
const decimal price = 14m;
const decimal underlyingPrice = 196m;
var tz = TimeZones.NewYork;
var equity = new QuantConnect.Securities.Equity.Equity(SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(tz), new SubscriptionDataConfig(typeof(TradeBar), Symbols.SPY, Resolution.Minute, tz, tz, true, false, false), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency));
equity.SetMarketPrice(new Tick {
Value = underlyingPrice
});
var optionCall = new Option(SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(tz), new SubscriptionDataConfig(typeof(TradeBar), Symbols.SPY_C_192_Feb19_2016, Resolution.Minute, tz, tz, true, false, false), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), new OptionSymbolProperties("", CashBook.AccountCurrency.ToUpper(), 100, 0.01m, 1));
optionCall.SetMarketPrice(new Tick {
Value = price
});
optionCall.Underlying = equity;
optionCall.Holdings.SetHoldings(price, -2);
var buyingPowerModel = new TestOptionMarginBuyingPowerModel();
// short option positions are very expensive in terms of margin.
// Margin = 2 * 100 * (14 + 0.2 * 196) = 10640
Assert.AreEqual(10640m, buyingPowerModel.GetMaintenanceMargin(optionCall));
}
public void DoesNotEmitInvalidData()
{
var startTime = new DateTime(2014, 06, 06, 0, 0, 0);
var endTime = new DateTime(2014, 06, 09, 20, 0, 0);
var canonicalSymbol = Symbol.Create("AAPL", SecurityType.Option, Market.USA, "?AAPL");
var quoteCurrency = new Cash(Currencies.USD, 0, 1);
var exchangeHours = MarketHoursDatabase.FromDataFolder().GetExchangeHours(Market.USA, canonicalSymbol, SecurityType.Option);
var config = new SubscriptionDataConfig(
typeof(ZipEntryName),
canonicalSymbol,
Resolution.Minute,
TimeZones.Utc,
TimeZones.NewYork,
true,
false,
false,
false,
TickType.Quote,
false,
DataNormalizationMode.Raw
);
var option = new Option(
canonicalSymbol,
exchangeHours,
quoteCurrency,
new OptionSymbolProperties(SymbolProperties.GetDefault(Currencies.USD)),
ErrorCurrencyConverter.Instance,
RegisteredSecurityDataTypesProvider.Null,
new SecurityCache()
);
var enumeratorFactory = new BaseDataSubscriptionEnumeratorFactory(false, MapFileResolver.Create(Globals.DataFolder, Market.USA), new LocalDiskFactorFileProvider(new LocalDiskMapFileProvider()));
var fillForwardResolution = Ref.CreateReadOnly(() => Resolution.Minute.ToTimeSpan());
Func <SubscriptionRequest, IEnumerator <BaseData> > underlyingEnumeratorFunc = (req) =>
{
var input = enumeratorFactory.CreateEnumerator(req, new DefaultDataProvider());
input = new BaseDataCollectionAggregatorEnumerator(input, req.Configuration.Symbol);
return(new FillForwardEnumerator(
input,
option.Exchange,
fillForwardResolution,
false,
endTime,
Resolution.Minute.ToTimeSpan(),
TimeZones.Utc,
startTime));
};
var factory = new OptionChainUniverseSubscriptionEnumeratorFactory(underlyingEnumeratorFunc);
var request = new SubscriptionRequest(true, null, option, config, startTime, endTime);
var enumerator = factory.CreateEnumerator(request, new DefaultDataProvider());
var emittedCount = 0;
foreach (var data in enumerator.AsEnumerable())
{
emittedCount++;
var optionData = data as OptionChainUniverseDataCollection;
Assert.IsNotNull(optionData);
Assert.IsNotNull(optionData.Underlying);
Assert.AreNotEqual(0, optionData.Data.Count);
}
// 9:30 to 15:59 -> 6.5 hours * 60 => 390 minutes * 2 days = 780
Assert.AreEqual(780, emittedCount);
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a new instance of the DataManager
/// </summary>
public DataManager(
IDataFeed dataFeed,
UniverseSelection universeSelection,
IAlgorithm algorithm,
ITimeKeeper timeKeeper,
MarketHoursDatabase marketHoursDatabase,
bool liveMode,
IRegisteredSecurityDataTypesProvider registeredTypesProvider)
{
_dataFeed = dataFeed;
UniverseSelection = universeSelection;
UniverseSelection.SetDataManager(this);
_algorithmSettings = algorithm.Settings;
AvailableDataTypes = SubscriptionManager.DefaultDataTypes();
_timeKeeper = timeKeeper;
_marketHoursDatabase = marketHoursDatabase;
_liveMode = liveMode;
_registeredTypesProvider = registeredTypesProvider;
// wire ourselves up to receive notifications when universes are added/removed
algorithm.UniverseManager.CollectionChanged += (sender, args) =>
{
switch (args.Action)
{
case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add:
foreach (var universe in args.NewItems.OfType <Universe>())
{
var config = universe.Configuration;
var start = algorithm.UtcTime;
var end = algorithm.LiveMode ? Time.EndOfTime
: algorithm.EndDate.ConvertToUtc(algorithm.TimeZone);
Security security;
if (!algorithm.Securities.TryGetValue(config.Symbol, out security))
{
// create a canonical security object if it doesn't exist
security = new Security(
_marketHoursDatabase.GetExchangeHours(config),
config,
algorithm.Portfolio.CashBook[algorithm.AccountCurrency],
SymbolProperties.GetDefault(algorithm.AccountCurrency),
algorithm.Portfolio.CashBook,
RegisteredSecurityDataTypesProvider.Null
);
}
AddSubscription(
new SubscriptionRequest(true,
universe,
security,
config,
start,
end));
}
break;
case NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Remove:
foreach (var universe in args.OldItems.OfType <Universe>())
{
// removing the subscription will be handled by the SubscriptionSynchronizer
// in the next loop as well as executing a UniverseSelection one last time.
if (!universe.DisposeRequested)
{
universe.Dispose();
}
}
break;
default:
throw new NotImplementedException("The specified action is not implemented: " + args.Action);
}
};
}
public void TestShortPutMovingFarITM()
{
const decimal optionPriceStart = 4.68m;
const decimal underlyingPriceStart = 192m;
const decimal optionPriceEnd = 0.18m;
const decimal underlyingPriceEnd = 200m;
var tz = TimeZones.NewYork;
var equity = new QuantConnect.Securities.Equity.Equity(SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(tz), new SubscriptionDataConfig(typeof(TradeBar), Symbols.SPY, Resolution.Minute, tz, tz, true, false, false), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency));
equity.SetMarketPrice(new Tick {
Value = underlyingPriceStart
});
var optionPutSymbol = Symbol.CreateOption(Symbols.SPY, Market.USA, OptionStyle.American, OptionRight.Put, 207m, new DateTime(2015, 02, 27));
var optionPut = new Option(SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(tz), new SubscriptionDataConfig(typeof(TradeBar), optionPutSymbol, Resolution.Minute, tz, tz, true, false, false), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), new OptionSymbolProperties("", CashBook.AccountCurrency.ToUpper(), 100, 0.01m, 1));
optionPut.SetMarketPrice(new Tick {
Value = optionPriceStart
});
optionPut.Underlying = equity;
optionPut.Holdings.SetHoldings(optionPriceStart, -2);
var buyingPowerModel = new TestOptionMarginBuyingPowerModel();
// short option positions are very expensive in terms of margin.
// Margin = 2 * 100 * (4.68 + 0.2 * 192) = 8616
Assert.AreEqual(8616, (double)buyingPowerModel.GetMaintenanceMargin(optionPut), 0.01);
equity.SetMarketPrice(new Tick {
Value = underlyingPriceEnd
});
optionPut.SetMarketPrice(new Tick {
Value = optionPriceEnd
});
// short option positions are very expensive in terms of margin.
// Margin = 2 * 100 * (4.68 + 0.2 * 200) = 8936
Assert.AreEqual(8936, (double)buyingPowerModel.GetMaintenanceMargin(optionPut), 0.01);
}
public void EnsureInternalCurrencyDataFeedsForNonUsdQuoteCurrencyGetAdded()
{
const int quantity = 100;
const decimal conversionRate = 1 / 100m;
var cashJPY = new Cash("JPY", quantity, conversionRate);
var cashGBP = new Cash("GBP", quantity, conversionRate);
var cashBook = new CashBook();
cashBook.Add("JPY", cashJPY);
cashBook.Add("GBP", cashGBP);
var symbol = Symbol.Create("GBPJPY", SecurityType.Forex, Market.FXCM);
var subscriptions = new SubscriptionManager(AlgorithmSettings, TimeKeeper, new DataManagerStub());
var securities = new SecurityManager(TimeKeeper);
securities.Add(symbol, new Security(SecurityExchangeHours, subscriptions.Add(symbol, Resolution.Minute, TimeZone, TimeZone), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency)));
cashJPY.EnsureCurrencyDataFeed(securities, subscriptions, AlwaysOpenMarketHoursDatabase, SymbolPropertiesDatabase.FromDataFolder(), MarketMap, cashBook, SecurityChanges.None);
var config1 = subscriptions.Subscriptions.Single(x => x.Symbol == Symbols.USDJPY);
Assert.IsTrue(config1.IsInternalFeed);
cashGBP.EnsureCurrencyDataFeed(securities, subscriptions, AlwaysOpenMarketHoursDatabase, SymbolPropertiesDatabase.FromDataFolder(), MarketMap, cashBook, SecurityChanges.None);
var config2 = subscriptions.Subscriptions.Single(x => x.Symbol == Symbols.GBPUSD);
Assert.IsTrue(config2.IsInternalFeed);
}
public void UpdateModifiesConversionRateAsInvertedValue()
{
const int quantity = 100;
const decimal conversionRate = 1 / 100m;
var cash = new Cash("JPY", quantity, conversionRate);
var cashBook = new CashBook();
cashBook.Add("JPY", cash);
var subscriptions = new SubscriptionManager(AlgorithmSettings, TimeKeeper, new DataManagerStub());
var securities = new SecurityManager(TimeKeeper);
securities.Add(Symbols.USDJPY, new Security(SecurityExchangeHours, subscriptions.Add(Symbols.USDJPY, Resolution.Minute, TimeZone, TimeZone), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency)));
// we need to get subscription index
cash.EnsureCurrencyDataFeed(securities, subscriptions, AlwaysOpenMarketHoursDatabase, SymbolPropertiesDatabase.FromDataFolder(), MarketMap, cashBook, SecurityChanges.None);
var last = 120m;
cash.Update(new Tick(DateTime.Now, Symbols.USDJPY, last, 119.95m, 120.05m));
// jpy is inverted, so compare on the inverse
Assert.AreEqual(1 / last, cash.ConversionRate);
}
public void EnsureCurrencyDataFeedsAddsSubscriptionAtMinimumResolution()
{
const int quantity = 100;
const decimal conversionRate = 1 / 100m;
const Resolution minimumResolution = Resolution.Second;
var cash = new Cash("JPY", quantity, conversionRate);
var cashBook = new CashBook();
cashBook.Add("JPY", cash);
var subscriptions = new SubscriptionManager(AlgorithmSettings, TimeKeeper, new DataManagerStub());
var securities = new SecurityManager(TimeKeeper);
securities.Add(Symbols.SPY, new Security(SecurityExchangeHours, subscriptions.Add(Symbols.SPY, Resolution.Minute, TimeZone, TimeZone), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency)));
securities.Add(Symbols.EURUSD, new Security(SecurityExchangeHours, subscriptions.Add(Symbols.EURUSD, minimumResolution, TimeZone, TimeZone), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency)));
cash.EnsureCurrencyDataFeed(securities, subscriptions, AlwaysOpenMarketHoursDatabase, SymbolPropertiesDatabase.FromDataFolder(), MarketMap, cashBook, SecurityChanges.None);
Assert.AreEqual(minimumResolution, subscriptions.Subscriptions.Single(x => x.Symbol == Symbols.USDJPY).Resolution);
}
public void EnsureCurrencyDataFeedMarksIsCurrencyDataFeedForNewSubscriptions()
{
const int quantity = 100;
const decimal conversionRate = 1 / 100m;
var cash = new Cash("JPY", quantity, conversionRate);
var cashBook = new CashBook();
cashBook.Add("JPY", cash);
var subscriptions = new SubscriptionManager(AlgorithmSettings, TimeKeeper, new DataManagerStub());
var securities = new SecurityManager(TimeKeeper);
securities.Add(Symbols.EURUSD, new Security(SecurityExchangeHours, subscriptions.Add(Symbols.EURUSD, Resolution.Minute, TimeZone, TimeZone), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency)));
cash.EnsureCurrencyDataFeed(securities, subscriptions, AlwaysOpenMarketHoursDatabase, SymbolPropertiesDatabase.FromDataFolder(), MarketMap, cashBook, SecurityChanges.None);
var config = subscriptions.Subscriptions.Single(x => x.Symbol == Symbols.USDJPY);
Assert.IsTrue(config.IsInternalFeed);
}
public void EnsureCurrencyDataFeedChecksSecurityChangesForSecurity()
{
const int quantity = 100;
const decimal conversionRate = 1 / 100m;
var cash = new Cash("JPY", quantity, conversionRate);
var cashBook = new CashBook();
cashBook.Add("JPY", cash);
var subscriptions = new SubscriptionManager(AlgorithmSettings, TimeKeeper, new DataManagerStub());
var abcConfig = subscriptions.Add(Symbols.SPY, Resolution.Minute, TimeZone, TimeZone);
var securities = new SecurityManager(TimeKeeper);
securities.Add(Symbols.SPY, new Security(SecurityExchangeHours, abcConfig, new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency)));
var usdjpy = new Security(Symbols.USDJPY, SecurityExchangeHours, new Cash("JPY", 0, 0), SymbolProperties.GetDefault("JPY"));
var changes = new SecurityChanges(new[] { usdjpy }, Enumerable.Empty <Security>());
var addedSecurity = cash.EnsureCurrencyDataFeed(securities, subscriptions, AlwaysOpenMarketHoursDatabase, SymbolPropertiesDatabase.FromDataFolder(), MarketMap, cashBook, changes);
// the security exists in SecurityChanges so it is NOT added to the security manager or subscriptions
// this security will be added by the algorithm manager
Assert.IsNull(addedSecurity);
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a subscription to process the request
/// </summary>
private Subscription CreateSubscription(HistoryRequest request, DateTime start, DateTime end)
{
// data reader expects these values in local times
start = start.ConvertFromUtc(request.ExchangeHours.TimeZone);
end = end.ConvertFromUtc(request.ExchangeHours.TimeZone);
var config = new SubscriptionDataConfig(request.DataType,
request.Symbol,
request.Resolution,
request.DataTimeZone,
request.ExchangeHours.TimeZone,
request.FillForwardResolution.HasValue,
request.IncludeExtendedMarketHours,
false,
request.IsCustomData,
request.TickType,
true,
request.DataNormalizationMode
);
var security = new Security(
request.ExchangeHours,
config,
new Cash(Currencies.NullCurrency, 0, 1m),
SymbolProperties.GetDefault(Currencies.NullCurrency),
ErrorCurrencyConverter.Instance,
RegisteredSecurityDataTypesProvider.Null
);
var mapFileResolver = MapFileResolver.Empty;
if (config.TickerShouldBeMapped())
{
mapFileResolver = _mapFileProvider.Get(config.Market);
var mapFile = mapFileResolver.ResolveMapFile(config.Symbol.ID.Symbol, config.Symbol.ID.Date);
config.MappedSymbol = mapFile.GetMappedSymbol(start, config.MappedSymbol);
}
var dataReader = new SubscriptionDataReader(config,
start,
end,
mapFileResolver,
_factorFileProvider,
Time.EachTradeableDay(request.ExchangeHours, start, end),
false,
_dataCacheProvider
);
dataReader.InvalidConfigurationDetected += (sender, args) => { OnInvalidConfigurationDetected(new InvalidConfigurationDetectedEventArgs(args.Message)); };
dataReader.NumericalPrecisionLimited += (sender, args) => { OnNumericalPrecisionLimited(new NumericalPrecisionLimitedEventArgs(args.Message)); };
dataReader.DownloadFailed += (sender, args) => { OnDownloadFailed(new DownloadFailedEventArgs(args.Message, args.StackTrace)); };
dataReader.ReaderErrorDetected += (sender, args) => { OnReaderErrorDetected(new ReaderErrorDetectedEventArgs(args.Message, args.StackTrace)); };
var reader = CorporateEventEnumeratorFactory.CreateEnumerators(
dataReader,
config,
_factorFileProvider,
dataReader,
mapFileResolver,
false);
// has to be initialized after adding all the enumerators since it will execute a MoveNext
dataReader.Initialize();
// optionally apply fill forward behavior
if (request.FillForwardResolution.HasValue)
{
// copy forward Bid/Ask bars for QuoteBars
if (request.DataType == typeof(QuoteBar))
{
reader = new QuoteBarFillForwardEnumerator(reader);
}
var readOnlyRef = Ref.CreateReadOnly(() => request.FillForwardResolution.Value.ToTimeSpan());
reader = new FillForwardEnumerator(reader, security.Exchange, readOnlyRef, security.IsExtendedMarketHours, end, config.Increment, config.DataTimeZone);
}
// since the SubscriptionDataReader performs an any overlap condition on the trade bar's entire
// range (time->end time) we can end up passing the incorrect data (too far past, possibly future),
// so to combat this we deliberately filter the results from the data reader to fix these cases
// which only apply to non-tick data
reader = new SubscriptionFilterEnumerator(reader, security, end);
reader = new FilterEnumerator <BaseData>(reader, data =>
{
// allow all ticks
if (config.Resolution == Resolution.Tick)
{
return(true);
}
// filter out future data
if (data.EndTime > end)
{
return(false);
}
// filter out data before the start
return(data.EndTime > start);
});
var timeZoneOffsetProvider = new TimeZoneOffsetProvider(security.Exchange.TimeZone, start, end);
var subscriptionDataEnumerator = new SubscriptionDataEnumerator(config, security.Exchange.Hours, timeZoneOffsetProvider, reader);
var subscriptionRequest = new SubscriptionRequest(false, null, security, config, start, end);
return(new Subscription(subscriptionRequest, subscriptionDataEnumerator, timeZoneOffsetProvider));
}
private static TestCaseData[] GetValueTestParameters()
{
const decimal delta = 1m;
const decimal price = 1.2345m;
const int quantity = 100;
const decimal pricePlusDelta = price + delta;
const decimal priceMinusDelta = price - delta;
var tz = TimeZones.NewYork;
var time = new DateTime(2016, 2, 4, 16, 0, 0).ConvertToUtc(tz);
var equity = new Equity(
SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(tz),
new SubscriptionDataConfig(typeof(TradeBar), Symbols.SPY, Resolution.Minute, tz, tz, true, false, false),
new Cash(Currencies.USD, 0, 1m),
SymbolProperties.GetDefault(Currencies.USD),
ErrorCurrencyConverter.Instance,
RegisteredSecurityDataTypesProvider.Null
);
equity.SetMarketPrice(new Tick {
Value = price
});
var gbpCash = new Cash("GBP", 0, 1.46m);
var properties = SymbolProperties.GetDefault(gbpCash.Symbol);
var forex = new Forex(
SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(tz),
gbpCash,
new SubscriptionDataConfig(typeof(TradeBar), Symbols.EURGBP, Resolution.Minute, tz, tz, true, false, false),
properties,
ErrorCurrencyConverter.Instance,
RegisteredSecurityDataTypesProvider.Null
);
forex.SetMarketPrice(new Tick {
Value = price
});
var eurCash = new Cash("EUR", 0, 1.12m);
properties = new SymbolProperties("Euro-Bund", eurCash.Symbol, 10, 0.1m, 1, string.Empty);
var cfd = new Cfd(
SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(tz),
eurCash,
new SubscriptionDataConfig(typeof(TradeBar), Symbols.DE10YBEUR, Resolution.Minute, tz, tz, true, false, false),
properties,
ErrorCurrencyConverter.Instance,
RegisteredSecurityDataTypesProvider.Null
);
cfd.SetMarketPrice(new Tick {
Value = price
});
var multiplierTimesConversionRate = properties.ContractMultiplier * eurCash.ConversionRate;
var option = new Option(
SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(tz),
new SubscriptionDataConfig(
typeof(TradeBar),
Symbols.SPY_P_192_Feb19_2016,
Resolution.Minute,
tz,
tz,
true,
false,
false
),
new Cash(Currencies.USD, 0, 1m),
new OptionSymbolProperties(SymbolProperties.GetDefault(Currencies.USD)),
ErrorCurrencyConverter.Instance,
RegisteredSecurityDataTypesProvider.Null
);
option.SetMarketPrice(new Tick {
Value = price
});
return(new List <ValueTestParameters>
{
// equity orders
new ValueTestParameters("EquityLongMarketOrder", equity, new MarketOrder(Symbols.SPY, quantity, time), quantity * price),
new ValueTestParameters("EquityShortMarketOrder", equity, new MarketOrder(Symbols.SPY, -quantity, time), -quantity * price),
new ValueTestParameters("EquityLongLimitOrder", equity, new LimitOrder(Symbols.SPY, quantity, priceMinusDelta, time), quantity * priceMinusDelta),
new ValueTestParameters("EquityShortLimit Order", equity, new LimitOrder(Symbols.SPY, -quantity, pricePlusDelta, time), -quantity * pricePlusDelta),
new ValueTestParameters("EquityLongStopLimitOrder", equity, new StopLimitOrder(Symbols.SPY, quantity, .5m * priceMinusDelta, priceMinusDelta, time), quantity * priceMinusDelta),
new ValueTestParameters("EquityShortStopLimitOrder", equity, new StopLimitOrder(Symbols.SPY, -quantity, 1.5m * pricePlusDelta, pricePlusDelta, time), -quantity * pricePlusDelta),
new ValueTestParameters("EquityLongStopMarketOrder", equity, new StopMarketOrder(Symbols.SPY, quantity, priceMinusDelta, time), quantity * priceMinusDelta),
new ValueTestParameters("EquityLongStopMarketOrder", equity, new StopMarketOrder(Symbols.SPY, quantity, pricePlusDelta, time), quantity * price),
new ValueTestParameters("EquityShortStopMarketOrder", equity, new StopMarketOrder(Symbols.SPY, -quantity, pricePlusDelta, time), -quantity * pricePlusDelta),
new ValueTestParameters("EquityShortStopMarketOrder", equity, new StopMarketOrder(Symbols.SPY, -quantity, priceMinusDelta, time), -quantity * price),
// forex orders
new ValueTestParameters("ForexLongMarketOrder", forex, new MarketOrder(Symbols.EURGBP, quantity, time), quantity * price * forex.QuoteCurrency.ConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("ForexShortMarketOrder", forex, new MarketOrder(Symbols.EURGBP, -quantity, time), -quantity * price * forex.QuoteCurrency.ConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("ForexLongLimitOrder", forex, new LimitOrder(Symbols.EURGBP, quantity, priceMinusDelta, time), quantity * priceMinusDelta * forex.QuoteCurrency.ConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("ForexShortLimit Order", forex, new LimitOrder(Symbols.EURGBP, -quantity, pricePlusDelta, time), -quantity * pricePlusDelta * forex.QuoteCurrency.ConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("ForexLongStopLimitOrder", forex, new StopLimitOrder(Symbols.EURGBP, quantity, .5m * priceMinusDelta, priceMinusDelta, time), quantity * priceMinusDelta * forex.QuoteCurrency.ConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("ForexShortStopLimitOrder", forex, new StopLimitOrder(Symbols.EURGBP, -quantity, 1.5m * pricePlusDelta, pricePlusDelta, time), -quantity * pricePlusDelta * forex.QuoteCurrency.ConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("ForexLongStopMarketOrder", forex, new StopMarketOrder(Symbols.EURGBP, quantity, priceMinusDelta, time), quantity * priceMinusDelta * forex.QuoteCurrency.ConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("ForexLongStopMarketOrder", forex, new StopMarketOrder(Symbols.EURGBP, quantity, pricePlusDelta, time), quantity * price * forex.QuoteCurrency.ConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("ForexShortStopMarketOrder", forex, new StopMarketOrder(Symbols.EURGBP, -quantity, pricePlusDelta, time), -quantity * pricePlusDelta * forex.QuoteCurrency.ConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("ForexShortStopMarketOrder", forex, new StopMarketOrder(Symbols.EURGBP, -quantity, priceMinusDelta, time), -quantity * price * forex.QuoteCurrency.ConversionRate),
// cfd orders
new ValueTestParameters("CfdLongMarketOrder", cfd, new MarketOrder(Symbols.DE10YBEUR, quantity, time), quantity * price * multiplierTimesConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("CfdShortMarketOrder", cfd, new MarketOrder(Symbols.DE10YBEUR, -quantity, time), -quantity * price * multiplierTimesConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("CfdLongLimitOrder", cfd, new LimitOrder(Symbols.DE10YBEUR, quantity, priceMinusDelta, time), quantity * priceMinusDelta * multiplierTimesConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("CfdShortLimit Order", cfd, new LimitOrder(Symbols.DE10YBEUR, -quantity, pricePlusDelta, time), -quantity * pricePlusDelta * multiplierTimesConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("CfdLongStopLimitOrder", cfd, new StopLimitOrder(Symbols.DE10YBEUR, quantity, .5m * priceMinusDelta, priceMinusDelta, time), quantity * priceMinusDelta * multiplierTimesConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("CfdShortStopLimitOrder", cfd, new StopLimitOrder(Symbols.DE10YBEUR, -quantity, 1.5m * pricePlusDelta, pricePlusDelta, time), -quantity * pricePlusDelta * multiplierTimesConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("CfdLongStopMarketOrder", cfd, new StopMarketOrder(Symbols.DE10YBEUR, quantity, priceMinusDelta, time), quantity * priceMinusDelta * multiplierTimesConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("CfdLongStopMarketOrder", cfd, new StopMarketOrder(Symbols.DE10YBEUR, quantity, pricePlusDelta, time), quantity * price * multiplierTimesConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("CfdShortStopMarketOrder", cfd, new StopMarketOrder(Symbols.DE10YBEUR, -quantity, pricePlusDelta, time), -quantity * pricePlusDelta * multiplierTimesConversionRate),
new ValueTestParameters("CfdShortStopMarketOrder", cfd, new StopMarketOrder(Symbols.DE10YBEUR, -quantity, priceMinusDelta, time), -quantity * price * multiplierTimesConversionRate),
// equity/index option orders
new ValueTestParameters("OptionLongMarketOrder", option, new MarketOrder(Symbols.SPY_P_192_Feb19_2016, quantity, time), quantity * price),
new ValueTestParameters("OptionShortMarketOrder", option, new MarketOrder(Symbols.SPY_P_192_Feb19_2016, -quantity, time), -quantity * price),
new ValueTestParameters("OptionLongLimitOrder", option, new LimitOrder(Symbols.SPY_P_192_Feb19_2016, quantity, priceMinusDelta, time), quantity * priceMinusDelta),
new ValueTestParameters("OptionShortLimit Order", option, new LimitOrder(Symbols.SPY_P_192_Feb19_2016, -quantity, pricePlusDelta, time), -quantity * pricePlusDelta),
new ValueTestParameters("OptionLongStopLimitOrder", option, new StopLimitOrder(Symbols.SPY_P_192_Feb19_2016, quantity, .5m * priceMinusDelta, priceMinusDelta, time), quantity * priceMinusDelta),
new ValueTestParameters("OptionShortStopLimitOrder", option, new StopLimitOrder(Symbols.SPY_P_192_Feb19_2016, -quantity, 1.5m * pricePlusDelta, pricePlusDelta, time), -quantity * pricePlusDelta),
new ValueTestParameters("OptionLongStopMarketOrder", option, new StopMarketOrder(Symbols.SPY_P_192_Feb19_2016, quantity, priceMinusDelta, time), quantity * priceMinusDelta),
new ValueTestParameters("OptionLongStopMarketOrder", option, new StopMarketOrder(Symbols.SPY_P_192_Feb19_2016, quantity, pricePlusDelta, time), quantity * price),
new ValueTestParameters("OptionShortStopMarketOrder", option, new StopMarketOrder(Symbols.SPY_P_192_Feb19_2016, -quantity, pricePlusDelta, time), -quantity * pricePlusDelta),
new ValueTestParameters("OptionShortStopMarketOrder", option, new StopMarketOrder(Symbols.SPY_P_192_Feb19_2016, -quantity, priceMinusDelta, time), -quantity * price),
new ValueTestParameters("OptionExerciseOrderPut", option, new OptionExerciseOrder(Symbols.SPY_P_192_Feb19_2016, quantity, time), quantity * option.Symbol.ID.StrikePrice),
new ValueTestParameters("OptionAssignmentOrderPut", option, new OptionExerciseOrder(Symbols.SPY_P_192_Feb19_2016, -quantity, time), -quantity * option.Symbol.ID.StrikePrice),
new ValueTestParameters("OptionExerciseOrderCall", option, new OptionExerciseOrder(Symbols.SPY_C_192_Feb19_2016, quantity, time), quantity * option.Symbol.ID.StrikePrice),
new ValueTestParameters("OptionAssignmentOrderCall", option, new OptionExerciseOrder(Symbols.SPY_C_192_Feb19_2016, -quantity, time), -quantity * option.Symbol.ID.StrikePrice),
}.Select(x => new TestCaseData(x).SetName(x.Name)).ToArray());
}
public void EquitySellAppliesSettlementCorrectly()
{
var securityExchangeHours = SecurityExchangeHoursTests.CreateUsEquitySecurityExchangeHours();
var securities = new SecurityManager(TimeKeeper);
var transactions = new SecurityTransactionManager(securities);
var portfolio = new SecurityPortfolioManager(securities, transactions);
portfolio.SetCash(1000);
securities.Add(Symbols.AAPL, new QuantConnect.Securities.Equity.Equity(securityExchangeHours, CreateTradeBarDataConfig(SecurityType.Equity, Symbols.AAPL), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency)));
var security = securities[Symbols.AAPL];
security.SettlementModel = new DelayedSettlementModel(3, TimeSpan.FromHours(8));
Assert.AreEqual(0, security.Holdings.Quantity);
Assert.AreEqual(1000, portfolio.Cash);
Assert.AreEqual(0, portfolio.UnsettledCash);
// Buy on Monday
var timeUtc = new DateTime(2015, 10, 26, 15, 30, 0);
var orderFee = security.FeeModel.GetOrderFee(security,new MarketOrder(Symbols.AAPL, 10, timeUtc));
var fill = new OrderEvent(1, Symbols.AAPL, timeUtc, OrderStatus.Filled, OrderDirection.Buy, 100, 10, orderFee);
portfolio.ProcessFill(fill);
Assert.AreEqual(10, security.Holdings.Quantity);
Assert.AreEqual(-1, portfolio.Cash);
Assert.AreEqual(0, portfolio.UnsettledCash);
// Sell on Tuesday, cash unsettled
timeUtc = timeUtc.AddDays(1);
orderFee = security.FeeModel.GetOrderFee(security, new MarketOrder(Symbols.AAPL, 10, timeUtc));
fill = new OrderEvent(2, Symbols.AAPL, timeUtc, OrderStatus.Filled, OrderDirection.Sell, 100, -10, orderFee);
portfolio.ProcessFill(fill);
Assert.AreEqual(0, security.Holdings.Quantity);
Assert.AreEqual(-2, portfolio.Cash);
Assert.AreEqual(1000, portfolio.UnsettledCash);
// Thursday, still cash unsettled
timeUtc = timeUtc.AddDays(2);
portfolio.ScanForCashSettlement(timeUtc);
Assert.AreEqual(-2, portfolio.Cash);
Assert.AreEqual(1000, portfolio.UnsettledCash);
// Friday at open, cash settled
var marketOpen = securityExchangeHours.MarketHours[timeUtc.DayOfWeek].GetMarketOpen(TimeSpan.Zero, false);
Assert.IsTrue(marketOpen.HasValue);
timeUtc = timeUtc.AddDays(1).Date.Add(marketOpen.Value).ConvertToUtc(securityExchangeHours.TimeZone);
portfolio.ScanForCashSettlement(timeUtc);
Assert.AreEqual(998, portfolio.Cash);
Assert.AreEqual(0, portfolio.UnsettledCash);
}
private Security GetSecurity(Symbol symbol)
{
var config = SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(DateTimeZone.Utc);
return(new Equity(symbol, config, new Cash("USD", 0, 1), SymbolProperties.GetDefault("USD")));
}
public void TestCashFills()
{
// this test asserts the portfolio behaves according to the Test_Cash algo, see TestData\CashTestingStrategy.csv
// also "https://www.dropbox.com/s/oiliumoyqqj1ovl/2013-cash.csv?dl=1"
const string fillsFile = "TestData\\test_cash_fills.xml";
const string equityFile = "TestData\\test_cash_equity.xml";
var fills = XDocument.Load(fillsFile).Descendants("OrderEvent").Select(x => new OrderEvent(
x.Get<int>("OrderId"),
SymbolMap[x.Get<string>("Symbol")],
DateTime.MinValue,
x.Get<OrderStatus>("Status"),
x.Get<int>("FillQuantity") < 0 ? OrderDirection.Sell
: x.Get<int>("FillQuantity") > 0 ? OrderDirection.Buy
: OrderDirection.Hold,
x.Get<decimal>("FillPrice"),
x.Get<int>("FillQuantity"),
0m)
).ToList();
var equity = XDocument.Load(equityFile).Descendants("decimal")
.Select(x => decimal.Parse(x.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))
.ToList();
Assert.AreEqual(fills.Count + 1, equity.Count);
// we're going to process fills and very our equity after each fill
var subscriptions = new SubscriptionManager(TimeKeeper);
var securities = new SecurityManager(TimeKeeper);
var security = new Security(SecurityExchangeHours, subscriptions.Add(CASH, Resolution.Daily, TimeZones.NewYork, TimeZones.NewYork), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency));
security.SetLeverage(10m);
securities.Add(CASH, security);
var transactions = new SecurityTransactionManager(securities);
var portfolio = new SecurityPortfolioManager(securities, transactions);
portfolio.SetCash(equity[0]);
for (int i = 0; i < fills.Count; i++)
{
// before processing the fill we must deduct the cost
var fill = fills[i];
var time = DateTime.Today.AddDays(i);
TimeKeeper.SetUtcDateTime(time.ConvertToUtc(TimeZones.NewYork));
// the value of 'CASH' increments for each fill, the original test algo did this monthly
// the time doesn't really matter though
security.SetMarketPrice(new IndicatorDataPoint(CASH, time, i + 1));
portfolio.ProcessFill(fill);
Assert.AreEqual(equity[i + 1], portfolio.TotalPortfolioValue, "Failed on " + i);
}
}
public void LoadsDefaultLotSize()
{
var defaultSymbolProperties = SymbolProperties.GetDefault(Currencies.USD);
Assert.AreEqual(defaultSymbolProperties.LotSize, 1);
}
private IEnumerable <Slice> GetSlices(Symbol symbol, int initialVolume)
{
var subscriptionDataConfig = new SubscriptionDataConfig(typeof(ZipEntryName), symbol, Resolution.Second, TimeZones.Utc, TimeZones.Utc, true, true, false);
var security = new Security(SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(TimeZones.Utc), subscriptionDataConfig, new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency));
var refTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
return(Enumerable
.Range(0, 10)
.Select(i =>
{
var time = refTime.AddSeconds(i);
var bid = new Bar(100, 100, 100, 100);
var ask = new Bar(110, 110, 110, 110);
var volume = (i + 1) * initialVolume;
return TimeSlice.Create(
time,
TimeZones.Utc,
new CashBook(),
new List <DataFeedPacket>
{
new DataFeedPacket(security, subscriptionDataConfig, new List <BaseData>
{
new QuoteBar(time, symbol, bid, i * 10, ask, (i + 1) * 11),
new TradeBar(time, symbol, 100, 100, 110, 106, volume)
}),
},
new SecurityChanges(Enumerable.Empty <Security>(), Enumerable.Empty <Security>()),
new Dictionary <Universe, BaseDataCollection>())
.Slice;
}));
}
public void ForexCashFills()
{
// this test asserts the portfolio behaves according to the Test_Cash algo, but for a Forex security,
// see TestData\CashTestingStrategy.csv; also "https://www.dropbox.com/s/oiliumoyqqj1ovl/2013-cash.csv?dl=1"
const string fillsFile = "TestData\\test_forex_fills.xml";
const string equityFile = "TestData\\test_forex_equity.xml";
const string mchQuantityFile = "TestData\\test_forex_fills_mch_quantity.xml";
const string jwbQuantityFile = "TestData\\test_forex_fills_jwb_quantity.xml";
var fills = XDocument.Load(fillsFile).Descendants("OrderEvent").Select(x => new OrderEvent(
x.Get<int>("OrderId"),
SymbolMap[x.Get<string>("Symbol")],
DateTime.MinValue,
x.Get<OrderStatus>("Status"),
x.Get<int>("FillQuantity") < 0 ? OrderDirection.Sell
: x.Get<int>("FillQuantity") > 0 ? OrderDirection.Buy
: OrderDirection.Hold,
x.Get<decimal>("FillPrice"),
x.Get<int>("FillQuantity"),
0)
).ToList();
var equity = XDocument.Load(equityFile).Descendants("decimal")
.Select(x => decimal.Parse(x.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))
.ToList();
var mchQuantity = XDocument.Load(mchQuantityFile).Descendants("decimal")
.Select(x => decimal.Parse(x.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))
.ToList();
var jwbQuantity = XDocument.Load(jwbQuantityFile).Descendants("decimal")
.Select(x => decimal.Parse(x.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))
.ToList();
Assert.AreEqual(fills.Count + 1, equity.Count);
// we're going to process fills and very our equity after each fill
var subscriptions = new SubscriptionManager(TimeKeeper);
var securities = new SecurityManager(TimeKeeper);
var transactions = new SecurityTransactionManager(securities);
var portfolio = new SecurityPortfolioManager(securities, transactions);
portfolio.SetCash(equity[0]);
portfolio.CashBook.Add("MCH", mchQuantity[0], 0);
portfolio.CashBook.Add("JWB", jwbQuantity[0], 0);
var jwbCash = portfolio.CashBook["JWB"];
var mchCash = portfolio.CashBook["MCH"];
var usdCash = portfolio.CashBook["USD"];
var mchJwbSecurity = new QuantConnect.Securities.Forex.Forex(SecurityExchangeHours, jwbCash, subscriptions.Add(MCHJWB, Resolution.Minute, TimeZones.NewYork, TimeZones.NewYork), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(jwbCash.Symbol));
mchJwbSecurity.SetLeverage(10m);
var mchUsdSecurity = new QuantConnect.Securities.Forex.Forex(SecurityExchangeHours, usdCash, subscriptions.Add(MCHUSD, Resolution.Minute, TimeZones.NewYork, TimeZones.NewYork), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(usdCash.Symbol));
mchUsdSecurity.SetLeverage(10m);
var usdJwbSecurity = new QuantConnect.Securities.Forex.Forex(SecurityExchangeHours, mchCash, subscriptions.Add(USDJWB, Resolution.Minute, TimeZones.NewYork, TimeZones.NewYork), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(mchCash.Symbol));
usdJwbSecurity.SetLeverage(10m);
// no fee model
mchJwbSecurity.TransactionModel = new SecurityTransactionModel();
mchUsdSecurity.TransactionModel = new SecurityTransactionModel();
usdJwbSecurity.TransactionModel = new SecurityTransactionModel();
securities.Add(mchJwbSecurity);
securities.Add(usdJwbSecurity);
securities.Add(mchUsdSecurity);
portfolio.CashBook.EnsureCurrencyDataFeeds(securities, subscriptions, MarketHoursDatabase.FromDataFolder(), SymbolPropertiesDatabase.FromDataFolder(), DefaultBrokerageModel.DefaultMarketMap);
for (int i = 0; i < fills.Count; i++)
{
// before processing the fill we must deduct the cost
var fill = fills[i];
var time = DateTime.Today.AddDays(i);
// the value of 'MCJWB' increments for each fill, the original test algo did this monthly
// the time doesn't really matter though
decimal mchJwb = i + 1;
decimal mchUsd = (i + 1)/(i + 2m);
decimal usdJwb = i + 2;
Assert.AreEqual((double)mchJwb, (double)(mchUsd*usdJwb), 1e-10);
//Console.WriteLine("Step: " + i + " -- MCHJWB: " + mchJwb);
jwbCash.Update(new IndicatorDataPoint(MCHJWB, time, mchJwb));
usdCash.Update(new IndicatorDataPoint(MCHUSD, time, mchUsd));
mchCash.Update(new IndicatorDataPoint(JWBUSD, time, usdJwb));
var updateData = new Dictionary<Security, BaseData>
{
{mchJwbSecurity, new IndicatorDataPoint(MCHJWB, time, mchJwb)},
{mchUsdSecurity, new IndicatorDataPoint(MCHUSD, time, mchUsd)},
{usdJwbSecurity, new IndicatorDataPoint(JWBUSD, time, usdJwb)}
};
foreach (var kvp in updateData)
{
kvp.Key.SetMarketPrice(kvp.Value);
}
portfolio.ProcessFill(fill);
//Console.WriteLine("-----------------------");
//Console.WriteLine(fill);
//Console.WriteLine("Post step: " + i);
//foreach (var cash in portfolio.CashBook)
//{
// Console.WriteLine(cash.Value);
//}
//Console.WriteLine("CashValue: " + portfolio.CashBook.TotalValueInAccountCurrency);
Console.WriteLine(i + 1 + " " + portfolio.TotalPortfolioValue.ToString("C"));
//Assert.AreEqual((double) equity[i + 1], (double)portfolio.TotalPortfolioValue, 2e-2);
Assert.AreEqual((double) mchQuantity[i + 1], (double)portfolio.CashBook["MCH"].Amount);
Assert.AreEqual((double) jwbQuantity[i + 1], (double)portfolio.CashBook["JWB"].Amount);
//Console.WriteLine();
//Console.WriteLine();
}
}
public void TestLongCallsPuts()
{
const decimal price = 1.2345m;
const decimal underlyingPrice = 200m;
var tz = TimeZones.NewYork;
var equity = new QuantConnect.Securities.Equity.Equity(SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(tz), new SubscriptionDataConfig(typeof(TradeBar), Symbols.SPY, Resolution.Minute, tz, tz, true, false, false), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency));
equity.SetMarketPrice(new Tick {
Value = underlyingPrice
});
var optionPut = new Option(SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(tz), new SubscriptionDataConfig(typeof(TradeBar), Symbols.SPY_P_192_Feb19_2016, Resolution.Minute, tz, tz, true, false, false), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), new OptionSymbolProperties("", CashBook.AccountCurrency.ToUpper(), 100, 0.01m, 1));
optionPut.SetMarketPrice(new Tick {
Value = price
});
optionPut.Underlying = equity;
optionPut.Holdings.SetHoldings(1m, 2);
var optionCall = new Option(SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(tz), new SubscriptionDataConfig(typeof(TradeBar), Symbols.SPY_C_192_Feb19_2016, Resolution.Minute, tz, tz, true, false, false), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), new OptionSymbolProperties("", CashBook.AccountCurrency.ToUpper(), 100, 0.01m, 1));
optionCall.SetMarketPrice(new Tick {
Value = price
});
optionCall.Underlying = equity;
optionCall.Holdings.SetHoldings(1.5m, 2);
var buyingPowerModel = new TestOptionMarginBuyingPowerModel();
// we expect long positions to be 100% charged.
Assert.AreEqual(optionPut.Holdings.AbsoluteHoldingsCost, buyingPowerModel.GetMaintenanceMargin(optionPut));
Assert.AreEqual(optionCall.Holdings.AbsoluteHoldingsCost, buyingPowerModel.GetMaintenanceMargin(optionCall));
}
public void ComputeMarginProperlyAsSecurityPriceFluctuates()
{
const decimal leverage = 1m;
const int quantity = (int) (1000*leverage);
var securities = new SecurityManager(TimeKeeper);
var transactions = new SecurityTransactionManager(securities);
var orderProcessor = new OrderProcessor();
transactions.SetOrderProcessor(orderProcessor);
var portfolio = new SecurityPortfolioManager(securities, transactions);
portfolio.CashBook["USD"].SetAmount(quantity);
var config = CreateTradeBarDataConfig(SecurityType.Equity, Symbols.AAPL);
securities.Add(new Security(SecurityExchangeHours, config, new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency)));
var security = securities[Symbols.AAPL];
security.SetLeverage(leverage);
var time = DateTime.Now;
const decimal buyPrice = 1m;
security.SetMarketPrice(new TradeBar(time, Symbols.AAPL, buyPrice, buyPrice, buyPrice, buyPrice, 1));
var order = new MarketOrder(Symbols.AAPL, quantity, time) {Price = buyPrice};
var fill = new OrderEvent(order, DateTime.UtcNow, 0) { FillPrice = buyPrice, FillQuantity = quantity };
orderProcessor.AddOrder(order);
var request = new SubmitOrderRequest(OrderType.Market, security.Type, security.Symbol, order.Quantity, 0, 0, order.Time, null);
request.SetOrderId(0);
orderProcessor.AddTicket(new OrderTicket(null, request));
Assert.AreEqual(portfolio.CashBook["USD"].Amount, fill.FillPrice*fill.FillQuantity);
portfolio.ProcessFill(fill);
Assert.AreEqual(0, portfolio.MarginRemaining);
Assert.AreEqual(quantity, portfolio.TotalMarginUsed);
Assert.AreEqual(quantity, portfolio.TotalPortfolioValue);
// we shouldn't be able to place a trader
var newOrder = new MarketOrder(Symbols.AAPL, 1, time.AddSeconds(1)) {Price = buyPrice};
bool sufficientCapital = transactions.GetSufficientCapitalForOrder(portfolio, newOrder);
Assert.IsFalse(sufficientCapital);
// now the stock doubles, so we should have margin remaining
time = time.AddDays(1);
const decimal highPrice = buyPrice * 2;
security.SetMarketPrice(new TradeBar(time, Symbols.AAPL, highPrice, highPrice, highPrice, highPrice, 1));
Assert.AreEqual(quantity, portfolio.MarginRemaining);
Assert.AreEqual(quantity, portfolio.TotalMarginUsed);
Assert.AreEqual(quantity * 2, portfolio.TotalPortfolioValue);
// we shouldn't be able to place a trader
var anotherOrder = new MarketOrder(Symbols.AAPL, 1, time.AddSeconds(1)) { Price = highPrice };
sufficientCapital = transactions.GetSufficientCapitalForOrder(portfolio, anotherOrder);
Assert.IsTrue(sufficientCapital);
// now the stock plummets, so we should have negative margin remaining
time = time.AddDays(1);
const decimal lowPrice = buyPrice/2;
security.SetMarketPrice(new TradeBar(time, Symbols.AAPL, lowPrice, lowPrice, lowPrice, lowPrice, 1));
Assert.AreEqual(-quantity/2m, portfolio.MarginRemaining);
Assert.AreEqual(quantity, portfolio.TotalMarginUsed);
Assert.AreEqual(quantity/2m, portfolio.TotalPortfolioValue);
// this would not cause a margin call due to leverage = 1
bool issueMarginCallWarning;
var marginCallOrders = portfolio.ScanForMarginCall(out issueMarginCallWarning);
Assert.AreEqual(0, marginCallOrders.Count);
// now change the leverage and buy more and we'll get a margin call
security.SetLeverage(leverage * 2);
order = new MarketOrder(Symbols.AAPL, quantity, time) { Price = buyPrice };
fill = new OrderEvent(order, DateTime.UtcNow, 0) { FillPrice = buyPrice, FillQuantity = quantity };
portfolio.ProcessFill(fill);
Assert.AreEqual(0, portfolio.TotalPortfolioValue);
marginCallOrders = portfolio.ScanForMarginCall(out issueMarginCallWarning);
Assert.AreNotEqual(0, marginCallOrders.Count);
Assert.AreEqual(-security.Holdings.Quantity, marginCallOrders[0].Quantity); // we bought twice
Assert.GreaterOrEqual(-portfolio.MarginRemaining, security.Price * marginCallOrders[0].Quantity);
}
public void RefreshesOptionChainUniverseOnDateChange()
{
var startTime = new DateTime(2018, 10, 19, 10, 0, 0);
var timeProvider = new ManualTimeProvider(startTime);
var canonicalSymbol = Symbol.Create("SPY", SecurityType.Option, Market.USA, "?SPY");
var quoteCurrency = new Cash(Currencies.USD, 0, 1);
var exchangeHours = MarketHoursDatabase.FromDataFolder().GetExchangeHours(Market.USA, canonicalSymbol, SecurityType.Option);
var config = new SubscriptionDataConfig(
typeof(ZipEntryName),
canonicalSymbol,
Resolution.Minute,
TimeZones.Utc,
TimeZones.NewYork,
true,
false,
false,
false,
TickType.Quote,
false,
DataNormalizationMode.Raw
);
var option = new Option(
canonicalSymbol,
exchangeHours,
quoteCurrency,
new OptionSymbolProperties(SymbolProperties.GetDefault(Currencies.USD)),
ErrorCurrencyConverter.Instance,
RegisteredSecurityDataTypesProvider.Null,
new SecurityCache()
);
var fillForwardResolution = Ref.CreateReadOnly(() => Resolution.Minute.ToTimeSpan());
var symbolUniverse = new TestDataQueueUniverseProvider(timeProvider);
EnqueueableEnumerator <BaseData> underlyingEnumerator = null;
Func <SubscriptionRequest, IEnumerator <BaseData> > underlyingEnumeratorFunc =
(req) =>
{
underlyingEnumerator = new EnqueueableEnumerator <BaseData>();
return(new LiveFillForwardEnumerator(
timeProvider,
underlyingEnumerator,
option.Exchange,
fillForwardResolution,
false,
Time.EndOfTime,
Resolution.Minute.ToTimeSpan(),
TimeZones.Utc,
Time.BeginningOfTime));
};
var factory = new OptionChainUniverseSubscriptionEnumeratorFactory(underlyingEnumeratorFunc, symbolUniverse, timeProvider);
var universeSettings = new UniverseSettings(Resolution.Minute, 0, true, false, TimeSpan.Zero);
var universe = new OptionChainUniverse(option, universeSettings, true);
var request = new SubscriptionRequest(true, universe, option, config, startTime, Time.EndOfTime);
var enumerator = (DataQueueOptionChainUniverseDataCollectionEnumerator)factory.CreateEnumerator(request, new DefaultDataProvider());
// 2018-10-19 10:00 AM UTC
underlyingEnumerator.Enqueue(new Tick {
Symbol = Symbols.SPY, Value = 280m
});
// 2018-10-19 10:01 AM UTC
timeProvider.Advance(Time.OneMinute);
underlyingEnumerator.Enqueue(new Tick {
Symbol = Symbols.SPY, Value = 280m
});
Assert.IsTrue(enumerator.MoveNext());
Assert.IsNotNull(enumerator.Current);
Assert.AreEqual(1, symbolUniverse.TotalLookupCalls);
var data = enumerator.Current;
Assert.IsNotNull(data);
Assert.AreEqual(1, data.Data.Count);
Assert.IsNotNull(data.Underlying);
// 2018-10-19 10:02 AM UTC
timeProvider.Advance(Time.OneMinute);
underlyingEnumerator.Enqueue(new Tick {
Symbol = Symbols.SPY, Value = 280m
});
Assert.IsTrue(enumerator.MoveNext());
Assert.IsNotNull(enumerator.Current);
Assert.AreEqual(1, symbolUniverse.TotalLookupCalls);
data = enumerator.Current;
Assert.IsNotNull(data);
Assert.AreEqual(1, data.Data.Count);
Assert.IsNotNull(data.Underlying);
// 2018-10-19 10:03 AM UTC
timeProvider.Advance(Time.OneMinute);
underlyingEnumerator.Enqueue(new Tick {
Symbol = Symbols.SPY, Value = 280m
});
Assert.IsTrue(enumerator.MoveNext());
Assert.IsNotNull(enumerator.Current);
Assert.AreEqual(1, symbolUniverse.TotalLookupCalls);
data = enumerator.Current;
Assert.IsNotNull(data);
Assert.AreEqual(1, data.Data.Count);
Assert.IsNotNull(data.Underlying);
// 2018-10-20 10:03 AM UTC
timeProvider.Advance(Time.OneDay);
underlyingEnumerator.Enqueue(new Tick {
Symbol = Symbols.SPY, Value = 280m
});
Assert.IsTrue(enumerator.MoveNext());
Assert.IsNotNull(enumerator.Current);
Assert.AreEqual(2, symbolUniverse.TotalLookupCalls);
data = enumerator.Current;
Assert.IsNotNull(data);
Assert.AreEqual(2, data.Data.Count);
Assert.IsNotNull(data.Underlying);
// 2018-10-20 10:04 AM UTC
timeProvider.Advance(Time.OneMinute);
underlyingEnumerator.Enqueue(new Tick {
Symbol = Symbols.SPY, Value = 280m
});
Assert.IsTrue(enumerator.MoveNext());
Assert.IsNotNull(enumerator.Current);
Assert.AreEqual(2, symbolUniverse.TotalLookupCalls);
data = enumerator.Current;
Assert.IsNotNull(data);
Assert.AreEqual(2, data.Data.Count);
Assert.IsNotNull(data.Underlying);
enumerator.Dispose();
}
public void MarginComputesProperlyWithMultipleSecurities()
{
var securities = new SecurityManager(TimeKeeper);
var transactions = new SecurityTransactionManager(securities);
var orderProcessor = new OrderProcessor();
transactions.SetOrderProcessor(orderProcessor);
var portfolio = new SecurityPortfolioManager(securities, transactions);
portfolio.CashBook["USD"].SetAmount(1000);
portfolio.CashBook.Add("EUR", 1000, 1.1m);
portfolio.CashBook.Add("GBP", -1000, 2.0m);
var eurCash = portfolio.CashBook["EUR"];
var gbpCash = portfolio.CashBook["GBP"];
var usdCash = portfolio.CashBook["USD"];
var time = DateTime.Now;
var config1 = CreateTradeBarDataConfig(SecurityType.Equity, Symbols.AAPL);
securities.Add(new Security(SecurityExchangeHours, config1, new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency)));
securities[Symbols.AAPL].SetLeverage(2m);
securities[Symbols.AAPL].Holdings.SetHoldings(100, 100);
securities[Symbols.AAPL].SetMarketPrice(new TradeBar{Time = time, Value = 100});
//Console.WriteLine("AAPL TMU: " + securities[Symbols.AAPL].MarginModel.GetMaintenanceMargin(securities[Symbols.AAPL]));
//Console.WriteLine("AAPL Value: " + securities[Symbols.AAPL].Holdings.HoldingsValue);
//Console.WriteLine();
var config2 = CreateTradeBarDataConfig(SecurityType.Forex, Symbols.EURUSD);
securities.Add(new QuantConnect.Securities.Forex.Forex(SecurityExchangeHours, usdCash, config2, SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency)));
securities[Symbols.EURUSD].SetLeverage(100m);
securities[Symbols.EURUSD].Holdings.SetHoldings(1.1m, 1000);
securities[Symbols.EURUSD].SetMarketPrice(new TradeBar { Time = time, Value = 1.1m });
//Console.WriteLine("EURUSD TMU: " + securities[Symbols.EURUSD].MarginModel.GetMaintenanceMargin(securities[Symbols.EURUSD]));
//Console.WriteLine("EURUSD Value: " + securities[Symbols.EURUSD].Holdings.HoldingsValue);
//Console.WriteLine();
var config3 = CreateTradeBarDataConfig(SecurityType.Forex, Symbols.EURGBP);
securities.Add(new QuantConnect.Securities.Forex.Forex(SecurityExchangeHours, gbpCash, config3, SymbolProperties.GetDefault(gbpCash.Symbol)));
securities[Symbols.EURGBP].SetLeverage(100m);
securities[Symbols.EURGBP].Holdings.SetHoldings(1m, 1000);
securities[Symbols.EURGBP].SetMarketPrice(new TradeBar { Time = time, Value = 1m });
//Console.WriteLine("EURGBP TMU: " + securities[Symbols.EURGBP].MarginModel.GetMaintenanceMargin(securities[Symbols.EURGBP]));
//Console.WriteLine("EURGBP Value: " + securities[Symbols.EURGBP].Holdings.HoldingsValue);
//Console.WriteLine();
//Console.WriteLine(portfolio.CashBook["USD"]);
//Console.WriteLine(portfolio.CashBook["EUR"]);
//Console.WriteLine(portfolio.CashBook["GBP"]);
//Console.WriteLine("CashBook: " + portfolio.CashBook.TotalValueInAccountCurrency);
//Console.WriteLine();
//Console.WriteLine("Total Margin Used: " + portfolio.TotalMarginUsed);
//Console.WriteLine("Total Free Margin: " + portfolio.MarginRemaining);
//Console.WriteLine("Total Portfolio Value: " + portfolio.TotalPortfolioValue);
var acceptedOrder = new MarketOrder(Symbols.AAPL, 101, DateTime.Now) { Price = 100 };
orderProcessor.AddOrder(acceptedOrder);
var request = new SubmitOrderRequest(OrderType.Market, acceptedOrder.SecurityType, acceptedOrder.Symbol, acceptedOrder.Quantity, 0, 0, acceptedOrder.Time, null);
request.SetOrderId(0);
orderProcessor.AddTicket(new OrderTicket(null, request));
var sufficientCapital = transactions.GetSufficientCapitalForOrder(portfolio, acceptedOrder);
Assert.IsTrue(sufficientCapital);
var rejectedOrder = new MarketOrder(Symbols.AAPL, 102, DateTime.Now) { Price = 100 };
sufficientCapital = transactions.GetSufficientCapitalForOrder(portfolio, rejectedOrder);
Assert.IsFalse(sufficientCapital);
}
private Subscription CreateSubscription(Resolution resolution, string symbol = "AAPL", bool isInternalFeed = false,
SecurityType type = SecurityType.Equity, TickType tickType = TickType.Trade)
{
var start = DateTime.UtcNow;
var end = start.AddSeconds(10);
Security security;
Symbol _symbol;
if (type == SecurityType.Equity)
{
_symbol = new Symbol(SecurityIdentifier.GenerateEquity(DateTime.Now, symbol, Market.USA), symbol);
security = new Equity(
_symbol,
SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(DateTimeZone.Utc),
new Cash(Currencies.USD, 0, 1),
SymbolProperties.GetDefault(Currencies.USD),
ErrorCurrencyConverter.Instance,
RegisteredSecurityDataTypesProvider.Null,
new SecurityCache()
);
}
else if (type == SecurityType.Option)
{
_symbol = Symbol.CreateOption(
new Symbol(SecurityIdentifier.GenerateEquity(DateTime.Now, symbol, Market.USA), symbol),
Market.USA,
OptionStyle.American,
OptionRight.Call,
0m,
DateTime.Now
);
security = new Option(
_symbol,
SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(DateTimeZone.Utc),
new Cash(Currencies.USD, 0, 1),
new OptionSymbolProperties(SymbolProperties.GetDefault(Currencies.USD)),
ErrorCurrencyConverter.Instance,
RegisteredSecurityDataTypesProvider.Null,
new SecurityCache(),
null
);
}
else if (type == SecurityType.Future)
{
_symbol = new Symbol(SecurityIdentifier.GenerateFuture(DateTime.Now, symbol, Market.COMEX), symbol);
security = new Future(
_symbol,
SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(DateTimeZone.Utc),
new Cash(Currencies.USD, 0, 1),
SymbolProperties.GetDefault(Currencies.USD),
ErrorCurrencyConverter.Instance,
RegisteredSecurityDataTypesProvider.Null,
new SecurityCache()
);
}
else
{
throw new Exception("SecurityType not implemented");
}
var config = new SubscriptionDataConfig(typeof(TradeBar), _symbol, resolution, DateTimeZone.Utc, DateTimeZone.Utc, true, false, isInternalFeed, false, tickType);
var timeZoneOffsetProvider = new TimeZoneOffsetProvider(DateTimeZone.Utc, start, end);
var enumerator = new EnqueueableEnumerator <BaseData>();
var subscriptionDataEnumerator = new SubscriptionDataEnumerator(config, security.Exchange.Hours, timeZoneOffsetProvider, enumerator);
var subscriptionRequest = new SubscriptionRequest(false, null, security, config, start, end);
return(new Subscription(subscriptionRequest, subscriptionDataEnumerator, timeZoneOffsetProvider));
}
public void SellingShortFromShortAddsToCash()
{
var securities = new SecurityManager(TimeKeeper);
var transactions = new SecurityTransactionManager(securities);
var portfolio = new SecurityPortfolioManager(securities, transactions);
portfolio.SetCash(0);
securities.Add(Symbols.AAPL, new Security(SecurityExchangeHours, CreateTradeBarDataConfig(SecurityType.Equity, Symbols.AAPL), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency)));
securities[Symbols.AAPL].Holdings.SetHoldings(100, -100);
var fill = new OrderEvent(1, Symbols.AAPL, DateTime.MinValue, OrderStatus.Filled, OrderDirection.Sell, 100, -100, 0);
Assert.AreEqual(-100, securities[Symbols.AAPL].Holdings.Quantity);
portfolio.ProcessFill(fill);
Assert.AreEqual(100 * 100, portfolio.Cash);
Assert.AreEqual(-200, securities[Symbols.AAPL].Holdings.Quantity);
}
public void UpdateModifiesConversionRate()
{
const int quantity = 100;
const decimal conversionRate = 1 / 100m;
var cash = new Cash("GBP", quantity, conversionRate);
var cashBook = new CashBook();
cashBook.Add("GBP", cash);
var subscriptions = new SubscriptionManager(TimeKeeper);
var securities = new SecurityManager(TimeKeeper);
securities.Add(Symbols.GBPUSD, new Security(SecurityExchangeHours, subscriptions.Add(Symbols.GBPUSD, Resolution.Minute, TimeZone, TimeZone), new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency)));
// we need to get subscription index
cash.EnsureCurrencyDataFeed(securities, subscriptions, MarketHoursDatabase.AlwaysOpen, SymbolPropertiesDatabase.FromDataFolder(), MarketMap, cashBook);
var last = 1.5m;
cash.Update(new Tick(DateTime.Now, Symbols.GBPUSD, last, last * 1.009m, last * 0.009m));
// jpy is inverted, so compare on the inverse
Assert.AreEqual(last, cash.ConversionRate);
}
public void ForexFillUpdatesCashCorrectly()
{
var securities = new SecurityManager(TimeKeeper);
var transactions = new SecurityTransactionManager(securities);
var portfolio = new SecurityPortfolioManager(securities, transactions);
portfolio.SetCash(1000);
portfolio.CashBook.Add("EUR", 0, 1.1000m);
securities.Add(Symbols.EURUSD, new QuantConnect.Securities.Forex.Forex(SecurityExchangeHours, portfolio.CashBook["USD"], CreateTradeBarDataConfig(SecurityType.Forex, Symbols.EURUSD), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency)));
var security = securities[Symbols.EURUSD];
Assert.AreEqual(0, security.Holdings.Quantity);
Assert.AreEqual(1000, portfolio.Cash);
var orderFee = security.FeeModel.GetOrderFee(security, new MarketOrder(Symbols.EURUSD, 100, DateTime.MinValue));
var fill = new OrderEvent(1, Symbols.EURUSD, DateTime.MinValue, OrderStatus.Filled, OrderDirection.Buy, 1.1000m, 100, orderFee);
portfolio.ProcessFill(fill);
Assert.AreEqual(100, security.Holdings.Quantity);
Assert.AreEqual(998, portfolio.Cash);
Assert.AreEqual(100, portfolio.CashBook["EUR"].Amount);
Assert.AreEqual(888, portfolio.CashBook["USD"].Amount);
}
public void EnumerationWhileUpdatingDoesNotThrow()
{
var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
var subscriptions = new SubscriptionCollection();
var start = DateTime.UtcNow;
var end = start.AddSeconds(10);
var config = new SubscriptionDataConfig(typeof(TradeBar), Symbols.SPY, Resolution.Minute, DateTimeZone.Utc, DateTimeZone.Utc, true, false, false);
var security = new Equity(
Symbols.SPY,
SecurityExchangeHours.AlwaysOpen(DateTimeZone.Utc),
new Cash(Currencies.USD, 0, 1),
SymbolProperties.GetDefault(Currencies.USD),
ErrorCurrencyConverter.Instance
);
var timeZoneOffsetProvider = new TimeZoneOffsetProvider(DateTimeZone.Utc, start, end);
var enumerator = new EnqueueableEnumerator <BaseData>();
var subscriptionDataEnumerator = new SubscriptionDataEnumerator(config, security.Exchange.Hours, timeZoneOffsetProvider, enumerator);
var subscriptionRequest = new SubscriptionRequest(false, null, security, config, start, end);
var subscription = new Subscription(subscriptionRequest, subscriptionDataEnumerator, timeZoneOffsetProvider);
var addTask = new TaskFactory().StartNew(() =>
{
Console.WriteLine("Add task started");
while (DateTime.UtcNow < end)
{
if (!subscriptions.Contains(config))
{
subscriptions.TryAdd(subscription);
}
Thread.Sleep(1);
}
Console.WriteLine("Add task ended");
}, cts.Token);
var removeTask = new TaskFactory().StartNew(() =>
{
Console.WriteLine("Remove task started");
while (DateTime.UtcNow < end)
{
Subscription removed;
subscriptions.TryRemove(config, out removed);
Thread.Sleep(1);
}
Console.WriteLine("Remove task ended");
}, cts.Token);
var readTask = new TaskFactory().StartNew(() =>
{
Console.WriteLine("Read task started");
while (DateTime.UtcNow < end)
{
foreach (var sub in subscriptions)
{
}
Thread.Sleep(1);
}
Console.WriteLine("Read task ended");
}, cts.Token);
Task.WaitAll(addTask, removeTask, readTask);
subscription.Dispose();
}
public void PerformsMarketFillSell()
{
var model = new SecurityTransactionModel();
var order = new MarketOrder(Symbols.SPY, -100, Noon);
var config = CreateTradeBarConfig(Symbols.SPY);
var security = new Security(SecurityExchangeHoursTests.CreateUsEquitySecurityExchangeHours(), config, new Cash(CashBook.AccountCurrency, 0, 1m), SymbolProperties.GetDefault(CashBook.AccountCurrency));
security.SetLocalTimeKeeper(TimeKeeper.GetLocalTimeKeeper(TimeZones.NewYork));
security.SetMarketPrice(new IndicatorDataPoint(Symbols.SPY, Noon, 101.123m));
var fill = model.MarketFill(security, order);
Assert.AreEqual(order.Quantity, fill.FillQuantity);
Assert.AreEqual(security.Price, fill.FillPrice);
Assert.AreEqual(OrderStatus.Filled, fill.Status);
}
