/// <summary>
/// Calculates ambient occlusion at a point on a surface.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="surface">Information about surface point</param>
/// <param name="geometry">The geometry to be raytraced (both occlusion caster and occlusion receiver)</param>
/// <param name="random">Random number generator to use</param>
/// <returns>Fraction of non-occlusion at surface point (between 0 and 1): 0 = surface point fully occluded by neighbour surfaces; 1 = surface point not occluded at all</returns>
private double CalcAmbientOcclusion(IntersectionInfo surface, Raytrace.IRayIntersectable geometry, RenderContext context)
{
Contract.Ensures(0 <= Contract.Result <double>() && Contract.Result <double>() <= 1);
var random = context.RNG;
var rayStart = surface.pos + surface.normal * ambientOcclusionProbeOffset;
Vector avgEscapedRayDir = new Vector();
int rayEscapeCount = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < ambientOcclusionQuality; i++)
{
// Pick a random direction within the hemisphere around the surface normal
// TODO: works for external surfaces, but some self-intersection on interior surfaces
var rayDir = new Vector(random.NextDouble() * 2 - 1, random.NextDouble() * 2 - 1, random.NextDouble() * 2 - 1);
//rayDir.Normalise();
if (rayDir.DotProduct(surface.normal) < 0)
{
rayDir = -rayDir;
}
// Pick random directions until we find one roughly in the same direction as the surface normal
//Vector rayDir;
//double cosOfAngle;
//do
//{
// rayDir = new Vector(random.NextDouble() * 2 - 1, random.NextDouble() * 2 - 1, random.NextDouble() * 2 - 1);
// rayDir.Normalise();
// cosOfAngle = rayDir.DotProduct(surfaceInfo.normal);
// // force ray to be in the hemisphere around the surface normal
//} while (cosOfAngle < 0.0);
// Fire off ray to check for nearby surface in chosen direction
// TODO: might be more efficient if ray tracing stopped after a short distance from ray origin
Raytrace.IntersectionInfo shadowInfo = geometry.IntersectRay(rayStart, rayDir, context);
if (shadowInfo == null || shadowInfo.rayFrac > ambientOcclusionProbeDist)
{
// This ray did not hit a nearby surface
rayEscapeCount++;
avgEscapedRayDir += rayDir;
}
}
// visualise direction of unobstructed space around surface point
//avgEscapedRayDir.Normalise();
//var v = new Vector(avgEscapedRayDir.x + 1, avgEscapedRayDir.y + 1, avgEscapedRayDir.z + 1);
//v *= 128;
//return Surface.PackRgb((byte)v.x, (byte)v.y, (byte)v.z);
//avgEscapedRayDir.Normalise();
//avgEscapedRayDir *= 255;
//return Surface.PackRgb((byte)avgEscapedRayDir.x, (byte)avgEscapedRayDir.y, (byte)avgEscapedRayDir.z);
return((double)rayEscapeCount / (double)ambientOcclusionQuality);
}
/// <summary>
/// Intersect a ray against this object.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="start">The start position of the ray, in object space.</param>
/// <param name="dir">The direction of the ray, in object space (not a unit vector).</param>
/// <returns>Information about the nearest intersection, or null if no intersection.</returns>
public IntersectionInfo IntersectRay(Vector start, Vector dir, RenderContext context)
{
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result <IntersectionInfo>() == null || (Contract.Result <IntersectionInfo>().color & 0xff000000) == 0xff000000);
// trace ray through underlying geometry
IntersectionInfo info = geometry.IntersectRay(start, dir, context);
// if we are disabled, pass-through the ray intersection
if (!Enabled)
{
return(info);
}
// did ray not hit any geometry?
if (info == null)
{
return(null);
}
// shade the surface point
Vector surfaceNormal = info.normal;
Vector newRayStart = info.pos + surfaceNormal * raySurfaceOffset;
Vector newRayDir = RandomRayInHemisphere(surfaceNormal, context.RNG);
newRayDir.Normalise(); // only needed for calling BRDF function
// Fire off ray to check for another surface in the chosen direction
Raytrace.IntersectionInfo newRayInfo = geometry.IntersectRay(newRayStart, newRayDir, context);
// Did this ray did hit another surface?
Color incomingLight = Color.Black; // TODO: use background color from Renderer
if (newRayInfo != null)
{
incomingLight = new Color(newRayInfo.color);
}
// TODO: color conversions are probably very slow
Color surfaceEmission = new Color(info.color); // TODO: info.color might be shaded surface color! We want the raw material color here!
double reflectedLightFrac = BRDF(newRayDir, surfaceNormal /*, dir */);
Color outgoingLight = incomingLight * reflectedLightFrac + surfaceEmission;
// only normalise colour if R, G or B are greater than 1.0
if (outgoingLight.r > 1.0 || outgoingLight.g > 1.0 || outgoingLight.b > 1.0)
{
outgoingLight.Normalise();
}
Contract.Assert(0.0 <= outgoingLight.r && outgoingLight.r <= 1.0);
Contract.Assert(0.0 <= outgoingLight.g && outgoingLight.g <= 1.0);
Contract.Assert(0.0 <= outgoingLight.b && outgoingLight.b <= 1.0);
info.color = outgoingLight.ToARGB();
return(info);
}