/// <summary>
/// Calculates distance between two geographic locations on equirectangular map projection
/// <para>Using Pythagoras’ theorem </para>
/// </summary>
public static GeoDistance GetDistanceAppx(IGeoLocatable origin, IGeoLocatable destination, double radius = GeoGlobal.Earths.Radius)
{
origin = origin.ToRadians();
destination = destination.ToRadians();
var dLat = (destination.Latitude - origin.Latitude);
var dLon = (destination.Longitude - origin.Longitude);
var x = (dLon) * Math.Cos((origin.Latitude + destination.Latitude) / 2);
var y = (dLat);
var distance = Math.Sqrt(x * x + y * y) * radius;
return(new GeoDistance {
Kilometers = distance
});
//return distance;
//var yMin = Math.Min(origin.Latitude, destination.Latitude);
//var yMax = Math.Max(origin.Latitude, destination.Latitude);
//var xMin = Math.Min(origin.Longitude, destination.Longitude);
//var xMax = Math.Max(origin.Longitude, destination.Longitude);
//var yDelta = (yMax - yMin) * (yMax - yMin);
//var xDelta = (xMax - xMin) * (xMax - xMin);
//var distance = Math.Sqrt(xDelta + yDelta);
//return new GeoDistance { Degrees = distance };
}
/// <summary>
/// Calculates the maximum latitude of a great circle path from origin location in direction of bearing angle
/// <para>using Clairaut’s formula</para>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="origin">origin location in geographic degrees</param>
/// <param name="bearing">bearing from origin in geographic degrees</param>
public static double GetLatitudeMax(IGeoLocatable origin, double bearing)
{
origin = origin.ToRadians();
bearing = bearing.ToRadians();
var latMax = Math.Acos(Math.Abs(Math.Sin(bearing) * Math.Cos(origin.Latitude)));
return(latMax);
}
/// <summary>
/// Calculates the initial bearing from origin location in direction of destination location, in degrees from true North
/// <para> North = 0, East = 90, South = 180, West = 270 </para>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="origin">origin location in geographic degrees</param>
/// <param name="destination">destination location in geographic degrees</param>
public static double GetBearing(IGeoLocatable origin, IGeoLocatable destination)
{
origin = origin.ToRadians();
destination = destination.ToRadians();
var dLat = (destination.Latitude - origin.Latitude);
var dLon = (destination.Longitude - origin.Longitude);
var y = Math.Sin(dLon) * Math.Cos(destination.Latitude);
var x = Math.Cos(origin.Latitude) * Math.Sin(destination.Latitude) -
Math.Sin(origin.Latitude) * Math.Cos(destination.Latitude) * Math.Cos(dLon);
var angle = Math.Atan2(y, x);
return(angle.ToDegreesNormalized());
}
/// <summary>
/// Calculates distance between two geographic locations on the Great Circle
/// <para>Using the Spherical law of cosines </para>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="origin">origin location in geographic degrees</param>
/// <param name="destination">destination location in geographic degrees</param>
/// <param name="radius">radius of a geographic sphere, in kilometers</param>
/// <remarks>radius defaults to Earth's mean radius</remarks>
public static GeoDistance GetDistance(IGeoLocatable origin, IGeoLocatable destination, double radius = GeoGlobal.Earths.Radius)
{
origin = origin.ToRadians();
destination = destination.ToRadians();
var sinProd = Math.Sin(origin.Latitude) * Math.Sin(destination.Latitude);
var cosProd = Math.Cos(origin.Latitude) * Math.Cos(destination.Latitude);
var dLon = (destination.Longitude - origin.Longitude);
var angle = Math.Acos(sinProd + cosProd * Math.Cos(dLon));
var distance = angle * radius;
return(new GeoDistance {
Kilometers = distance
});
}
/// <summary>
/// Calculates mid point between two geographic locations on the Great Circle
/// <para>Using the Spherical law of cosines </para>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="origin">origin location in geographic degrees</param>
/// <param name="destination">destination location in geographic degrees</param>
public static GeoPoint GetMidpoint(IGeoLocatable origin, IGeoLocatable destination)
{
origin = origin.ToRadians();
destination = destination.ToRadians();
var dLat = (destination.Latitude - origin.Latitude);
var dLon = (destination.Longitude - origin.Longitude);
var bx = Math.Cos(destination.Latitude) * Math.Cos(dLon);
var by = Math.Cos(destination.Latitude) * Math.Sin(dLon);
var lat = Math.Atan2(Math.Sin(origin.Latitude) + Math.Sin(destination.Latitude),
Math.Sqrt((Math.Cos(origin.Latitude) + bx) * (Math.Cos(origin.Latitude) + bx) + by * by));
var lon = origin.Longitude + Math.Atan2(by, Math.Cos(origin.Latitude) + bx);
lon = (lon + 3 * Math.PI) % (2 * Math.PI) - Math.PI; // normalize to -180..+180º
return(new GeoPoint(lon.ToDegrees(), lat.ToDegrees()));
}
/// <summary>
/// Calculates the destination location at distance and in direction of bearing from origin location
/// <para>Using the Spherical law of cosines </para>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="origin">location in geographic degrees </param>
/// <param name="bearing">bearing in geographic degrees from origin</param>
/// <param name="distance">distance in km</param>
/// <param name="radius">radius in km</param>
/// <remarks>radius defaults to Earth's mean radius</remarks>
public static GeoPoint GetDestination(IGeoLocatable origin, double bearing, double distance, double radius = GeoGlobal.Earths.Radius)
{
origin = origin.ToRadians();
bearing = bearing.ToRadians();
distance = distance / radius; // angular distance in radians
var latitude = Math.Asin(Math.Sin(origin.Latitude) * Math.Cos(distance) +
Math.Cos(origin.Latitude) * Math.Sin(distance) * Math.Cos(bearing));
var x = Math.Sin(bearing) * Math.Sin(distance) * Math.Cos(origin.Latitude);
var y = Math.Cos(distance) - Math.Sin(origin.Latitude) * Math.Sin(origin.Latitude);
var longitude = origin.Longitude + Math.Atan2(x, y);
longitude = (longitude + 3 * Math.PI) % (2 * Math.PI) - Math.PI; // normalize to -180..+180º
var destination = new GeoPoint(longitude.ToDegrees(), latitude.ToDegrees());
return(destination);
}
/// <summary>
/// Calculates distance between two geographic locations on the Great Circle
/// <para>Using the Haversine formula</para>
/// <remarks>"Virtues of the Haversine" by R. W. Sinnott, Sky and Telescope, vol 68, no 2, 1984</remarks>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="origin">origin location in geographic degrees</param>
/// <param name="destination">destination location in geographic degrees</param>
/// <param name="radius">radius of a geographic sphere, in kilometers</param>
/// <remarks>radius defaults to Earth's mean radius</remarks>
public static GeoDistance GetDistanceH(IGeoLocatable origin, IGeoLocatable destination, double radius = GeoGlobal.Earths.Radius)
{
origin = origin.ToRadians();
destination = destination.ToRadians();
var dLat = (destination.Latitude - origin.Latitude);
var dLon = (destination.Longitude - origin.Longitude);
var a = Math.Sin(dLat / 2) * Math.Sin(dLat / 2) +
Math.Sin(dLon / 2) * Math.Sin(dLon / 2) *
Math.Cos(origin.Latitude) * Math.Cos(destination.Latitude);
var c = 2 * Math.Atan2(Math.Sqrt(a), Math.Sqrt(1 - a));
var distance = radius * c;
return(new GeoDistance {
Kilometers = distance
});
}
/// <summary>
/// Calculates intersection point of paths from two geographic locations
/// </summary>
/// <param name="origin1">origin of first location in geographic degrees</param>
/// <param name="origin2">origin of second location in geographic degrees</param>
/// <param name="bearing1">bearing from first location in geographic degrees</param>
/// <param name="bearing2">bearing from second location in geographic degrees</param>
/// <param name="radius">radius of a geographic sphere, in kilometers</param>
/// <remarks>radius defaults to Earth's mean radius</remarks>
public static GeoPoint GetIntersection(
IGeoLocatable origin1, double bearing1,
IGeoLocatable origin2, double bearing2, double radius = GeoGlobal.Earths.Radius)
{
origin1 = origin1.ToRadians();
origin2 = origin2.ToRadians();
var brng13 = bearing1.ToRadians();
var brng23 = bearing2.ToRadians();
var dLat = (origin2.Latitude - origin1.Latitude);
var dLon = (origin2.Longitude - origin1.Longitude);
var dist12 = 2 * Math.Asin(Math.Sqrt(Math.Sin(dLat / 2) * Math.Sin(dLat / 2) +
Math.Cos(origin1.Latitude) * Math.Cos(origin2.Latitude) *
Math.Sin(dLon / 2) * Math.Sin(dLon / 2)));
if (dist12 == 0)
{
return(GeoPoint.Invalid);
}
// initial/final bearings between points
var brngA = Math.Acos((Math.Sin(origin2.Latitude) - Math.Sin(origin1.Latitude) * Math.Cos(dist12)) /
(Math.Sin(dist12) * Math.Cos(origin1.Latitude)));
if (double.IsNaN(brngA))
{
brngA = 0; // protect against rounding
}
var brngB = Math.Acos((Math.Sin(origin1.Latitude) - Math.Sin(origin2.Latitude) * Math.Cos(dist12)) /
(Math.Sin(dist12) * Math.Cos(origin2.Latitude)));
double brng12, brng21;
if (Math.Sin(dLon) > 0)
{
brng12 = brngA;
brng21 = 2 * Math.PI - brngB;
}
else
{
brng12 = 2 * Math.PI - brngA;
brng21 = brngB;
}
var alpha1 = (brng13 - brng12 + Math.PI) % (2 * Math.PI) - Math.PI; // angle 2-1-3
var alpha2 = (brng21 - brng23 + Math.PI) % (2 * Math.PI) - Math.PI; // angle 1-2-3
if (Math.Sin(alpha1) == 0 && Math.Sin(alpha2) == 0)
{
return(GeoPoint.Invalid); // infinite intersections
}
if (Math.Sin(alpha1) * Math.Sin(alpha2) < 0)
{
return(GeoPoint.Invalid); // ambiguous intersection
}
var alpha3 = Math.Acos(-Math.Cos(alpha1) * Math.Cos(alpha2) +
Math.Sin(alpha1) * Math.Sin(alpha2) * Math.Cos(dist12));
var dist13 = Math.Atan2(Math.Sin(dist12) * Math.Sin(alpha1) * Math.Sin(alpha2),
Math.Cos(alpha2) + Math.Cos(alpha1) * Math.Cos(alpha3));
var lat3 = Math.Asin(Math.Sin(origin1.Latitude) * Math.Cos(dist13) +
Math.Cos(origin1.Latitude) * Math.Sin(dist13) * Math.Cos(brng13));
var dLon13 = Math.Atan2(Math.Sin(brng13) * Math.Sin(dist13) * Math.Cos(origin1.Latitude),
Math.Cos(dist13) - Math.Sin(origin1.Latitude) * Math.Sin(lat3));
var lon3 = origin1.Longitude + dLon13;
lon3 = (lon3 + 3 * Math.PI) % (2 * Math.PI) - Math.PI; // normalize to -180..+180º
return(new GeoPoint(lat3.ToDegrees(), lon3.ToDegrees()));
}