public async Task <IActionResult> Create(
            DepartmentAddEditDto department, [FromServices] IDepartmentService service)
        {
            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                try
                {
                    await service.CreateDepartmentAndSaveAsync(department);

                    TempData["Message"] = Constants.SUCCESS_MESSAGE;
                    return(RedirectToAction(nameof(Index)));
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    ViewBag.HasError = true;
                    ViewBag.Message  = ex.Message;
                }
            }
            await PopulateInstructorsDropDownListAsync(service, department.InstructorId);

            return(View($"{_viewFolder}Create.cshtml", department));
        }
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        public async Task <int> CreateDepartmentAndSaveAsync(DepartmentAddEditDto dto)
        {
            int result;

            try
            {
                _context.Add(new Department {
                    DepartmentId = dto.DepartmentId,
                    Budget       = dto.Budget,
                    InstructorId = dto.InstructorId,
                    Name         = dto.Name,
                    StartDate    = dto.StartDate,
                    RowVersion   = dto.RowVersion
                });
                result = await _context.SaveChangesAsync();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                _logger.LogError(ex, $"Failed to create new Department: {dto}");
                throw ex;
            }

            return(result);
        }
        public async Task <IActionResult> Edit(
            int?id, byte[] rowVersion, DepartmentAddEditDto department, [FromServices] IDepartmentService service)
        {
            if (!id.HasValue ||
                id.Value != department.DepartmentId)
            {
                return(NotFound());
            }

            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                try
                {
                    await service.UpdateDepartmentAndSaveAsync(department, rowVersion);

                    TempData["Message"] = Constants.SUCCESS_MESSAGE;
                    return(RedirectToAction(nameof(Index)));
                }
                catch (GeneralException ex)
                {
                    ViewBag.HasError = true;
                    ViewBag.Message  = ex.Message;
                    ModelState.Remove("RowVersion");
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    ViewBag.HasError = true;
                    ViewBag.Message  = Constants.ERROR_MESSAGE_STANDARD + ": " + ex.Message;
                    ModelState.Remove("RowVersion");
                }
            }

            await PopulateInstructorsDropDownListAsync(service, department.InstructorId);

            return(View($"{_viewFolder}Edit.cshtml", department));
        }
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        public async Task <int> UpdateDepartmentAndSaveAsync(DepartmentAddEditDto dto, byte[] rowVersion)
        {
            var result = 0;

            try
            {
                var departmentToUpdate = await _context.Departments
                                         .FirstOrDefaultAsync(m => m.DepartmentId == dto.DepartmentId);

                if (departmentToUpdate == null)
                {
                    var errMsg = $"Record does not exist or has been deleted for DepartmentId={dto.DepartmentId}";
                    _logger.LogError("", errMsg);
                    throw new GeneralException(errMsg);
                }

                _context.Entry(departmentToUpdate).Property("RowVersion").OriginalValue = rowVersion;

                departmentToUpdate.Budget       = dto.Budget;
                departmentToUpdate.InstructorId = dto.InstructorId;
                departmentToUpdate.Name         = dto.Name;
                departmentToUpdate.StartDate    = dto.StartDate;

                // Comment out this line to enable updating only the fields with changed values
                //_context.Departments.Update(courseInDb);

                result = await _context.SaveChangesAsync();
            }
            catch (DbUpdateConcurrencyException ex)
            {
                var exceptionEntry = ex.Entries.Single();
                var userValues     = (Department)exceptionEntry.Entity;
                var dbEntry        = exceptionEntry.GetDatabaseValues();
                var errMsg         = "";
                if (dbEntry == null)
                {
                    errMsg = "Unable to save changes. The department was deleted by another user.";
                    throw new GeneralException(errMsg);
                }
                else
                {
                    var dbValues = (Department)dbEntry.ToObject();

                    if (dbValues.Name != userValues.Name)
                    {
                        errMsg += $"<li>Conflict field \"Name\": New value is \"{dbValues.Name}\"</li>";
                    }
                    if (dbValues.Budget != userValues.Budget)
                    {
                        errMsg += $"<li>Conflict field \"Budget\": New value is \"{dbValues.Budget:c}\"</li>";
                    }
                    if (dbValues.StartDate != userValues.StartDate)
                    {
                        errMsg += $"<li>Conflict field \"StartDate\": New value is \"{dbValues.StartDate:d}\"</li>";
                    }
                    if (dbValues.InstructorId != userValues.InstructorId)
                    {
                        Instructor dbInstructor = await _context.Instructors
                                                  .FirstOrDefaultAsync(i => i.InstructorId == dbValues.InstructorId);

                        errMsg += $"<li>Conflict field \"Administrator\": New value is \"{dbInstructor?.FullName}\"</li>";
                    }

                    errMsg = "The record you attempted to edit "
                             + "was modified by another user after you got the original value."
                             + "<br><br>The edit operation was canceled and the new values in the database displayed as below:"
                             + "<ul>" + errMsg + "</ul>"
                             + "<br>If you still intend to edit this record, click "
                             + "the \"Save\" button again. Otherwise click the \"Back to List\".";

                    dto.RowVersion = (byte[])dbValues.RowVersion;

                    throw new GeneralException(errMsg);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                _logger.LogError(ex, $"Failed to update Department: {dto}");
                throw ex;
            }

            return(result);
        }