private void CreateCamera()
{
_xTranslation = FromMeters(Ellipsoid.Wgs84.Radii.X);
Camera camera = _sceneState.Camera;
camera.PerspectiveNearPlaneDistance = FromMeters(0.01);
camera.PerspectiveFarPlaneDistance = FromMeters(5000000);
camera.Target = Vector3D.UnitX * _xTranslation;
camera.Eye = Vector3D.UnitX * _xTranslation * 1.1;
if (_camera != null)
{
((IDisposable)_camera).Dispose();
_camera = null;
}
_camera = new CameraLookAtPoint(camera, _window, Ellipsoid.UnitSphere);
_camera.Range = (camera.Eye - camera.Target).Magnitude;
_camera.MinimumZoomRate = FromMeters(1);
_camera.MaximumZoomRate = FromMeters(Double.MaxValue);
_camera.ZoomFactor = 10;
_camera.ZoomRateRangeAdjustment = 0;
_camera.MinimumRotateRate = 1.0;
_camera.MaximumRotateRate = 1.0;
_camera.RotateRateRangeAdjustment = 0.0;
_camera.RotateFactor = 0.0;
}
public GlobeRayCasting()
{
Ellipsoid globeShape = Ellipsoid.ScaledWgs84;
_window = Device.CreateWindow(800, 600, "Chapter 4: Globe Ray Casting");
_window.Resize += OnResize;
_window.RenderFrame += OnRenderFrame;
_sceneState = new SceneState();
_camera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_sceneState.Camera, _window, globeShape);
_clearState = new ClearState();
_window.Keyboard.KeyDown += delegate(object sender, KeyboardKeyEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Key == KeyboardKey.P)
{
CenterCameraOnPoint();
}
else if (e.Key == KeyboardKey.C)
{
CenterCameraOnGlobeCenter();
}
};
Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap("NE2_50M_SR_W_4096.jpg");
_texture = Device.CreateTexture2D(bitmap, TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8, false);
_globe = new RayCastedGlobe(_window.Context);
_globe.Shape = globeShape;
_globe.Texture = _texture;
_globe.ShowWireframeBoundingBox = true;
_sceneState.Camera.ZoomToTarget(globeShape.MaximumRadius);
}
public EllipsoidSurfaceNormals()
{
_globeShape = new Ellipsoid(1, 1, _semiMinorAxis);
_window = Device.CreateWindow(800, 600, "Chapter 2: Ellipsoid Surface Normals");
_window.Resize += OnResize;
_window.RenderFrame += OnRenderFrame;
_window.Keyboard.KeyDown += OnKeyDown;
_sceneState = new SceneState();
_camera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_sceneState.Camera, _window, _globeShape);
_instructions = new HeadsUpDisplay();
_instructions.Texture = Device.CreateTexture2D(
Device.CreateBitmapFromText("Up - Increase semi-minor axis\nDown - Decrease semi-minor axis",
new Font("Arial", 24)),
TextureFormat.RedGreenBlueAlpha8, false);
_instructions.Color = Color.Black;
_clearState = new ClearState();
CreateScene();
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
_sceneState.Camera.Eye = Vector3D.UnitY;
_sceneState.Camera.ZoomToTarget(2 * _globeShape.MaximumRadius);
}
public Multithreading()
{
Ellipsoid globeShape = Ellipsoid.ScaledWgs84;
_workerWindow = Device.CreateWindow(1, 1);
_window = Device.CreateWindow(800, 600, "Chapter 10: Multithreading");
_window.Resize += OnResize;
_window.RenderFrame += OnRenderFrame;
_sceneState = new SceneState();
_camera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_sceneState.Camera, _window, globeShape);
_clearState = new ClearState();
Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap("NE2_50M_SR_W_4096.jpg");
_texture = Device.CreateTexture2D(bitmap, TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8, false);
_globe = new RayCastedGlobe(_window.Context);
_globe.Shape = globeShape;
_globe.Texture = _texture;
_globe.UseAverageDepth = true;
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
_doneQueue.MessageReceived += ProcessNewShapefile;
_requestQueue.MessageReceived += new ShapefileWorker(_workerWindow.Context, globeShape, _doneQueue).Process;
// 2ND_EDITION: Draw order
_requestQueue.Post(new ShapefileRequest("110m_admin_0_countries.shp",
new ShapefileAppearance()));
_requestQueue.Post(new ShapefileRequest("110m_admin_1_states_provinces_lines_shp.shp",
new ShapefileAppearance()));
_requestQueue.Post(new ShapefileRequest("airprtx020.shp",
new ShapefileAppearance()
{
Bitmap = new Bitmap("paper-plane--arrow.png")
}));
_requestQueue.Post(new ShapefileRequest("amtrakx020.shp",
new ShapefileAppearance()
{
Bitmap = new Bitmap("car-red.png")
}));
_requestQueue.Post(new ShapefileRequest("110m_populated_places_simple.shp",
new ShapefileAppearance()
{
Bitmap = new Bitmap("032.png")
}));
#if SINGLE_THREADED
_requestQueue.ProcessQueue();
#else
_requestQueue.StartInAnotherThread();
#endif
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
_sceneState.Camera.ZoomToTarget(globeShape.MaximumRadius);
}
public DepthBufferPrecision()
{
_globeShape = Ellipsoid.Wgs84;
_nearDistance = 1;
_cubeRootFarDistance = 300;
_window = Device.CreateWindow(800, 600, "Chapter 6: Depth Buffer Precision");
_window.Resize += OnResize;
_window.RenderFrame += OnRenderFrame;
_window.Keyboard.KeyUp += OnKeyUp;
_window.Keyboard.KeyDown += OnKeyDown;
_sceneState = new SceneState();
_sceneState.DiffuseIntensity = 0.45f;
_sceneState.SpecularIntensity = 0.05f;
_sceneState.AmbientIntensity = 0.5f;
_camera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_sceneState.Camera, _window, _globeShape);
_sceneState.Camera.ZoomToTarget(_globeShape.MaximumRadius);
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
_globe = new TessellatedGlobe();
_globe.Shape = _globeShape;
_globe.NumberOfSlicePartitions = 64;
_globe.NumberOfStackPartitions = 32;
_globe.Texture = Device.CreateTexture2D(new Bitmap("world_topo_bathy_200411_3x5400x2700.jpg"), TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8, false);
_globe.Textured = true;
_plane = new Plane(_window.Context);
_plane.XAxis = 0.6 * _globeShape.MaximumRadius * Vector3D.UnitX;
_plane.YAxis = 0.6 * _globeShape.MinimumRadius * Vector3D.UnitZ;
_plane.OutlineWidth = 3;
_cubeRootPlaneHeight = 100.0;
UpdatePlaneOrigin();
_viewportQuad = new ViewportQuad(_window.Context, null);
_framebuffer = _window.Context.CreateFramebuffer();
_depthFormatIndex = 1;
_depthTestLess = true;
_logarithmicDepthConstant = 1;
UpdatePlanesAndDepthTests();
_clearState = new ClearState();
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
_hudFont = new Font("Arial", 16);
_hud = new HeadsUpDisplay();
_hud.Color = Color.Blue;
UpdateHUD();
}
public ClipmapTerrainOnGlobe()
{
_window = Device.CreateWindow(800, 600, "Chapter 13: Clipmap Terrain on a Globe");
_ellipsoid = Ellipsoid.Wgs84;
WorldWindTerrainSource terrainSource = new WorldWindTerrainSource();
EsriRestImagery imagery = new EsriRestImagery();
_clipmap = new GlobeClipmapTerrain(_window.Context, terrainSource, imagery, _ellipsoid, 511);
_clipmap.HeightExaggeration = 1.0f;
_sceneState = new SceneState();
_sceneState.DiffuseIntensity = 0.90f;
_sceneState.SpecularIntensity = 0.05f;
_sceneState.AmbientIntensity = 0.05f;
_sceneState.Camera.FieldOfViewY = Math.PI / 3.0;
_clearState = new ClearState();
_clearState.Color = Color.White;
_sceneState.Camera.PerspectiveNearPlaneDistance = 0.000001 * _ellipsoid.MaximumRadius;
_sceneState.Camera.PerspectiveFarPlaneDistance = 10.0 * _ellipsoid.MaximumRadius;
_sceneState.SunPosition = new Vector3D(200000, 300000, 200000) * _ellipsoid.MaximumRadius;
_lookCamera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_sceneState.Camera, _window, _ellipsoid);
_lookCamera.Range = 1.5 * _ellipsoid.MaximumRadius;
_globe = new RayCastedGlobe(_window.Context);
_globe.Shape = _ellipsoid;
Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap("NE2_50M_SR_W_4096.jpg");
_globe.Texture = Device.CreateTexture2D(bitmap, TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8, false);
_clearDepth = new ClearState();
_clearDepth.Buffers = ClearBuffers.DepthBuffer | ClearBuffers.StencilBuffer;
_window.Keyboard.KeyDown += OnKeyDown;
_window.Resize += OnResize;
_window.RenderFrame += OnRenderFrame;
_window.PreRenderFrame += OnPreRenderFrame;
_hudFont = new Font("Arial", 16);
_hud = new HeadsUpDisplay();
_hud.Color = Color.Blue;
UpdateHUD();
}
private void SetupVR(Ellipsoid globeShape)
{
// 创建一个默认相机以方便计算SceneState对象在VR模式下创建时需要外部提供的变换矩阵
Camera camera = new Camera();
Matrix4D perspectiveMatrix = Matrix4D.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(camera.FieldOfViewY,
camera.AspectRatio, camera.PerspectiveNearPlaneDistance, camera.PerspectiveFarPlaneDistance);
Matrix4D viewMatrix = Matrix4D.LookAt(camera.Eye, camera.Target, camera.Up);
_leftEyeSceneState = new SceneState(VREye.LeftEye, perspectiveMatrix, viewMatrix);
_leftEyeCamera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_leftEyeSceneState.Camera, _window, globeShape);
_leftEyeSceneState.HmdPoseMatrix = Matrix4D.Identity;
_rightEyeSceneState = new SceneState(VREye.RightEye, perspectiveMatrix, viewMatrix);
_rightEyeCamera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_rightEyeSceneState.Camera, _window, globeShape);
_rightEyeSceneState.HmdPoseMatrix = Matrix4D.Identity;
}
public TerrainShading()
{
_window = Device.CreateWindow(800, 600, "Chapter 11: Terrain Shading");
_window.Resize += OnResize;
_window.RenderFrame += OnRenderFrame;
_window.Keyboard.KeyDown += OnKeyDown;
_window.Keyboard.KeyUp += OnKeyUp;
_sceneState = new SceneState();
_sceneState.Camera.PerspectiveFarPlaneDistance = 4096;
_sceneState.DiffuseIntensity = 0.9f;
_sceneState.SpecularIntensity = 0.05f;
_sceneState.AmbientIntensity = 0.05f;
_clearState = new ClearState();
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
TerrainTile terrainTile = TerrainTile.FromBitmap(new Bitmap("ps-e.lg.png"));
_tile = new VertexDisplacementMapTerrainTile(_window.Context, terrainTile);
_tile.HeightExaggeration = 30;
_tile.ColorMapTexture = Device.CreateTexture2D(new Bitmap("ps_texture_1k.png"), TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8, false);
_tile.ColorRampHeightTexture = Device.CreateTexture2D(new Bitmap("ColorRamp.jpg"), TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8, false);
_tile.ColorRampSlopeTexture = Device.CreateTexture2D(new Bitmap("ColorRampSlope.jpg"), TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8, false);
_tile.BlendRampTexture = Device.CreateTexture2D(new Bitmap("BlendRamp.jpg"), TextureFormat.Red8, false);
_tile.GrassTexture = Device.CreateTexture2D(new Bitmap("Grass.jpg"), TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8, false);
_tile.StoneTexture = Device.CreateTexture2D(new Bitmap("Stone.jpg"), TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8, false);
_tile.BlendMaskTexture = Device.CreateTexture2D(new Bitmap("BlendMask.jpg"), TextureFormat.Red8, false);
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
double tileRadius = Math.Max(terrainTile.Resolution.X, terrainTile.Resolution.Y) * 0.5;
_camera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_sceneState.Camera, _window, Ellipsoid.UnitSphere);
_camera.CenterPoint = new Vector3D(terrainTile.Resolution.X * 0.5, terrainTile.Resolution.Y * 0.5, 0.0);
_camera.MinimumRotateRate = 1.0;
_camera.MaximumRotateRate = 1.0;
_camera.RotateRateRangeAdjustment = 0.0;
_camera.RotateFactor = 0.0;
_sceneState.Camera.ZoomToTarget(tileRadius);
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
_hudFont = new Font("Arial", 16);
_hud = new HeadsUpDisplay();
_hud.Color = Color.Black;
UpdateHUD();
}
public Curves()
{
_semiMinorAxis = Ellipsoid.ScaledWgs84.Radii.Z;
SetShape();
_window = Device.CreateWindow(800, 600, "Chapter 2: Curves");
_window.Resize += OnResize;
_window.RenderFrame += OnRenderFrame;
_window.Keyboard.KeyDown += OnKeyDown;
_sceneState = new SceneState();
_camera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_sceneState.Camera, _window, _globeShape);
_clearState = new ClearState();
_texture = Device.CreateTexture2D(new Texture2DDescription(1, 1, TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8));
WritePixelBuffer pixelBuffer = Device.CreateWritePixelBuffer(PixelBufferHint.Stream, 3);
pixelBuffer.CopyFromSystemMemory(new byte[] { 0, 255, 127 });
_texture.CopyFromBuffer(pixelBuffer, ImageFormat.RedGreenBlue, ImageDatatype.UnsignedByte, 1);
_instructions = new HeadsUpDisplay();
_instructions.Color = Color.Black;
_sampledPoints = new BillboardCollection(_window.Context);
_sampledPoints.Texture = Device.CreateTexture2D(Device.CreateBitmapFromPoint(8), TextureFormat.RedGreenBlueAlpha8, false);
_sampledPoints.DepthTestEnabled = false;
_ellipsoid = new RayCastedGlobe(_window.Context);
_ellipsoid.Texture = _texture;
_polyline = new Polyline();
_polyline.Width = 3;
_polyline.DepthTestEnabled = false;
_plane = new Plane(_window.Context);
_plane.Origin = Vector3D.Zero;
_plane.OutlineWidth = 3;
CreateScene();
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
_sceneState.Camera.Eye = Vector3D.UnitY;
_sceneState.Camera.ZoomToTarget(2 * _globeShape.MaximumRadius);
}
public TerrainRayCasting()
{
_window = Device.CreateWindow(800, 600, "Chapter 11: Terrain Ray Casting");
_window.Resize += OnResize;
_window.RenderFrame += OnRenderFrame;
_window.Keyboard.KeyDown += OnKeyDown;
_sceneState = new SceneState();
_sceneState.Camera.PerspectiveFarPlaneDistance = 4096;
_clearState = new ClearState();
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 创建地形高程对象
TerrainTile terrainTile = TerrainTile.FromBitmap(new Bitmap(@"ps-e.lg.png"));
// 创建地形图形可渲染对象
_tile = new RayCastedTerrainTile(terrainTile);
// 地形高度缩放因子（可以使高山更高）
_tile.HeightExaggeration = 30;
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 根据地形设置相机位置
double tileRadius = Math.Max(terrainTile.Resolution.X, terrainTile.Resolution.Y) * 0.5;
_camera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_sceneState.Camera, _window, Ellipsoid.UnitSphere);
_camera.CenterPoint = new Vector3D(terrainTile.Resolution.X * 0.5, terrainTile.Resolution.Y * 0.5, 0.0);
_camera.MinimumRotateRate = 1.0;
_camera.MaximumRotateRate = 1.0;
_camera.RotateRateRangeAdjustment = 0.0;
_camera.RotateFactor = 0.0;
_sceneState.Camera.ZoomToTarget(tileRadius);
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
_hudFont = new Font("Arial", 16);
_hud = new HeadsUpDisplay();
_hud.Color = Color.Black;
UpdateHUD();
}
public Curves()
{
_semiMinorAxis = Ellipsoid.ScaledWgs84.Radii.Z;
// 根据椭球对象的尺寸计算表面设定点的三维坐标
SetShape();
// 创建主窗口
_window = Device.CreateWindow(800, 600, "Chapter 2: Curves");
// 设置主窗口回调函数
_window.Resize += OnResize;
_window.RenderFrame += OnRenderFrame;
_window.Keyboard.KeyDown += OnKeyDown;
// 创建主场景OpenGL状态存储对象
_sceneState = new SceneState();
// 设置主场景照相机类型（固定观察一点的照相机）
_camera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_sceneState.Camera, _window, _globeShape);
// 创建状态（scissor/color/depth/stencil）清除对象
_clearState = new ClearState();
// 创建单色纹理对象（用于对椭球着色）
// 因为RayCastedGlobe对象的颜色只能通过其Texture接口设置
_texture = Device.CreateTexture2D(new Texture2DDescription(1, 1, TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8));
WritePixelBuffer pixelBuffer = Device.CreateWritePixelBuffer(PixelBufferHint.Stream, 3);
pixelBuffer.CopyFromSystemMemory(new byte[] { 0, 255, 127 });
_texture.CopyFromBuffer(pixelBuffer, ImageFormat.RedGreenBlue, ImageDatatype.UnsignedByte, 1);
// 创建窗口表面的信息显示对象
_instructions = new HeadsUpDisplay();
// 设置信息显示前景色
_instructions.Color = Color.Black;
// 创建椭球表面采样点billboard显示集合对象
_sampledPoints = new BillboardCollection(_window.Context);
// 创建并设置billboard显示纹理为直径8个窗口像素的点
_sampledPoints.Texture = Device.CreateTexture2D(Device.CreateBitmapFromPoint(8), TextureFormat.RedGreenBlueAlpha8, false);
// 关闭采样点billboard集合显示对象的深度测试（使其在任何角度都可见）
_sampledPoints.DepthTestEnabled = false;
// 创建RayCastedGlobe椭球绘制对象并设置纹理
_ellipsoid = new RayCastedGlobe(_window.Context);
_ellipsoid.Texture = _texture;
// 创建椭球表面曲线显示对象
_polyline = new Polyline();
// 设置线宽并关闭深度测试
_polyline.Width = 3;
_polyline.DepthTestEnabled = false;
// 创建参考面显示对象
_plane = new Plane(_window.Context);
_plane.Origin = Vector3D.Zero;
_plane.OutlineWidth = 3;
// 创建主场景
CreateScene();
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 设置主照相机观察方向
_sceneState.Camera.Eye = Vector3D.UnitY;
// 根据视场重新调整相机位置
_sceneState.Camera.ZoomToTarget(2 * _globeShape.MaximumRadius);
}
public SubdivisionSphere1()
{
_window = Device.CreateWindow(800, 600, "Chapter 4: Subdivision Sphere 1");
_window.Resize += OnResize;
_window.RenderFrame += OnRenderFrame;
_sceneState = new SceneState();
_camera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_sceneState.Camera, _window, Ellipsoid.UnitSphere);
_clearState = new ClearState();
string vs =
@"#version 330
layout(location = og_positionVertexLocation) in vec4 position;
out vec3 worldPosition;
out vec3 positionToLight;
out vec3 positionToEye;
uniform mat4 og_modelViewPerspectiveMatrix;
uniform vec3 og_cameraEye;
uniform vec3 og_cameraLightPosition;
void main()
{
gl_Position = og_modelViewPerspectiveMatrix * position;
worldPosition = position.xyz;
positionToLight = og_cameraLightPosition - worldPosition;
positionToEye = og_cameraEye - worldPosition;
}";
string fs =
@"#version 330
in vec3 worldPosition;
in vec3 positionToLight;
in vec3 positionToEye;
out vec3 fragmentColor;
uniform vec4 og_diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess;
uniform sampler2D og_texture0;
float LightIntensity(vec3 normal, vec3 toLight, vec3 toEye, vec4 diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess)
{
vec3 toReflectedLight = reflect(-toLight, normal);
float diffuse = max(dot(toLight, normal), 0.0);
float specular = max(dot(toReflectedLight, toEye), 0.0);
specular = pow(specular, diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess.w);
return (diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess.x * diffuse) +
(diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess.y * specular) +
diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess.z;
}
vec2 ComputeTextureCoordinates(vec3 normal)
{
return vec2(atan(normal.y, normal.x) * og_oneOverTwoPi + 0.5, asin(normal.z) * og_oneOverPi + 0.5);
}
void main()
{
vec3 normal = normalize(worldPosition);
float intensity = LightIntensity(normal, normalize(positionToLight), normalize(positionToEye), og_diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess);
fragmentColor = intensity * texture(og_texture0, ComputeTextureCoordinates(normal)).rgb;
}";
ShaderProgram sp = Device.CreateShaderProgram(vs, fs);
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Mesh mesh = SubdivisionSphereTessellatorSimple.Compute(5);
VertexArray va = _window.Context.CreateVertexArray(mesh, sp.VertexAttributes, BufferHint.StaticDraw);
_primitiveType = mesh.PrimitiveType;
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
RenderState renderState = new RenderState();
//_renderState.RasterizationMode = RasterizationMode.Line;
renderState.FacetCulling.FrontFaceWindingOrder = mesh.FrontFaceWindingOrder;
_drawState = new DrawState(renderState, sp, va);
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap("NE2_50M_SR_W_4096.jpg");
//Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap("world_topo_bathy_200411_3x5400x2700.jpg");
//Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap("world.topo.200412.3x5400x2700.jpg");
_texture = Device.CreateTexture2D(bitmap, TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8, false);
_sceneState.Camera.ZoomToTarget(1);
}
public NightLights()
{
_window = Device.CreateWindow(800, 600, "Chapter 4: Night Lights");
_window.Resize += OnResize;
_window.RenderFrame += OnRenderFrame;
_sceneState = new SceneState();
_camera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_sceneState.Camera, _window, Ellipsoid.ScaledWgs84);
_clearState = new ClearState();
string vs =
@"#version 330
layout(location = og_positionVertexLocation) in vec4 position;
out vec3 worldPosition;
out vec3 positionToLight;
out vec3 positionToEye;
uniform mat4 og_modelViewPerspectiveMatrix;
uniform vec3 og_cameraEye;
uniform vec3 og_sunPosition;
void main()
{
gl_Position = og_modelViewPerspectiveMatrix * position;
worldPosition = position.xyz;
positionToLight = og_sunPosition - worldPosition;
positionToEye = og_cameraEye - worldPosition;
}";
string fs =
@"#version 330
in vec3 worldPosition;
in vec3 positionToLight;
in vec3 positionToEye;
out vec3 fragmentColor;
uniform vec4 og_diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess;
uniform sampler2D og_texture0; // Day
uniform sampler2D og_texture1; // Night
uniform float u_blendDuration;
uniform float u_blendDurationScale;
float LightIntensity(vec3 normal, vec3 toLight, vec3 toEye, float diffuseDot, vec4 diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess)
{
vec3 toReflectedLight = reflect(-toLight, normal);
float diffuse = max(diffuseDot, 0.0);
float specular = max(dot(toReflectedLight, toEye), 0.0);
specular = pow(specular, diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess.w);
return (diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess.x * diffuse) +
(diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess.y * specular) +
diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess.z;
}
vec2 ComputeTextureCoordinates(vec3 normal)
{
return vec2(atan(normal.y, normal.x) * og_oneOverTwoPi + 0.5, asin(normal.z) * og_oneOverPi + 0.5);
}
vec3 NightColor(vec3 normal)
{
return texture(og_texture1, ComputeTextureCoordinates(normal)).rgb;
}
vec3 DayColor(vec3 normal, vec3 toLight, vec3 toEye, float diffuseDot, vec4 diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess)
{
float intensity = LightIntensity(normal, toLight, toEye, diffuseDot, diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess);
return intensity * texture(og_texture0, ComputeTextureCoordinates(normal)).rgb;
}
void main()
{
vec3 normal = normalize(worldPosition);
vec3 toLight = normalize(positionToLight);
float diffuse = dot(toLight, normal);
if (diffuse > u_blendDuration)
{
fragmentColor = DayColor(normal, toLight, normalize(positionToEye), diffuse, og_diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess);
}
else if (diffuse < -u_blendDuration)
{
fragmentColor = NightColor(normal);
}
else
{
vec3 night = NightColor(normal);
vec3 day = DayColor(normal, toLight, normalize(positionToEye), diffuse, og_diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess);
fragmentColor = mix(night, day, (diffuse + u_blendDuration) * u_blendDurationScale);
}
}";
ShaderProgram sp = Device.CreateShaderProgram(vs, fs);
float blendDurationScale = 0.1f;
((Uniform <float>)sp.Uniforms["u_blendDuration"]).Value = blendDurationScale;
((Uniform <float>)sp.Uniforms["u_blendDurationScale"]).Value = 1 / (2 * blendDurationScale);
Mesh mesh = SubdivisionEllipsoidTessellator.Compute(Ellipsoid.ScaledWgs84, 5, SubdivisionEllipsoidVertexAttributes.Position);
VertexArray va = _window.Context.CreateVertexArray(mesh, sp.VertexAttributes, BufferHint.StaticDraw);
_primitiveType = mesh.PrimitiveType;
RenderState renderState = new RenderState();
renderState.FacetCulling.FrontFaceWindingOrder = mesh.FrontFaceWindingOrder;
_drawState = new DrawState(renderState, sp, va);
Bitmap dayBitmap = new Bitmap("world.topo.200412.3x5400x2700.jpg");
_dayTexture = Device.CreateTexture2D(dayBitmap, TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8, false);
Bitmap nightBitmap = new Bitmap("land_ocean_ice_lights_2048.jpg");
_nightTexture = Device.CreateTexture2D(nightBitmap, TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8, false);
_sceneState.DiffuseIntensity = 0.5f;
_sceneState.SpecularIntensity = 0.15f;
_sceneState.AmbientIntensity = 0.35f;
_sceneState.Camera.ZoomToTarget(1);
}
public VectorData()
{
Ellipsoid globeShape = Ellipsoid.ScaledWgs84;
_window = Device.CreateWindow(800, 600, "Chapter 7: Vector Data");
_window.Resize += OnResize;
_window.RenderFrame += OnRenderFrame;
_window.Keyboard.KeyDown += OnKeyDown;
_window.Keyboard.KeyUp += OnKeyUp;
_sceneState = new SceneState();
_camera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_sceneState.Camera, _window, globeShape);
Context context = _window.Context;
// 创建帧缓冲对象
_framebuffer = context.CreateFramebuffer();
_clearBlack = new ClearState();
_clearBlack.Color = Color.Black;
_clearWhite = new ClearState();
_clearWhite.Color = Color.White;
// 创建视口矩形
_quad = new DayNightViewportQuad(context);
_globe = new DayNightGlobe(context);
_globe.Shape = globeShape;
_globe.UseAverageDepth = true;
_globe.DayTexture = Device.CreateTexture2D(new Bitmap("NE2_50M_SR_W_4096.jpg"), TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8, false);
_globe.NightTexture = Device.CreateTexture2D(new Bitmap("land_ocean_ice_lights_2048.jpg"), TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8, false);
_countries = new ShapefileRenderer("110m_admin_0_countries.shp", context, globeShape,
new ShapefileAppearance()
{
PolylineWidth = 1.0,
PolylineOutlineWidth = 1.0
});
_states = new ShapefileRenderer("110m_admin_1_states_provinces_lines_shp.shp", context, globeShape,
new ShapefileAppearance()
{
PolylineWidth = 1.0,
PolylineOutlineWidth = 1.0
});
_rivers = new ShapefileRenderer("50m-rivers-lake-centerlines.shp", context, globeShape,
new ShapefileAppearance()
{
PolylineColor = Color.LightBlue,
PolylineOutlineColor = Color.LightBlue,
PolylineWidth = 1.0,
PolylineOutlineWidth = 0.0
});
_populatedPlaces = new ShapefileRenderer("110m_populated_places_simple.shp", context, globeShape,
new ShapefileAppearance()
{
Bitmap = new Bitmap("032.png")
});
_airports = new ShapefileRenderer("airprtx020.shp", context, globeShape,
new ShapefileAppearance()
{
Bitmap = new Bitmap("car-red.png")
});
_amtrakStations = new ShapefileRenderer("amtrakx020.shp", context, globeShape,
new ShapefileAppearance()
{
Bitmap = new Bitmap("paper-plane--arrow.png")
});
_hudFont = new Font("Arial", 16);
_hud = new HeadsUpDisplay();
_hud.Color = Color.Blue;
_showVectorData = true;
_sceneState.DiffuseIntensity = 0.5f;
_sceneState.SpecularIntensity = 0.1f;
_sceneState.AmbientIntensity = 0.4f;
_sceneState.Camera.ZoomToTarget(globeShape.MaximumRadius);
UpdateHUD();
}
public SubdivisionSphere2()
{
_window = Device.CreateWindow(800, 600, "Chapter 4: Subdivision Sphere 2");
_window.Resize += OnResize;
_window.RenderFrame += OnRenderFrame;
_sceneState = new SceneState();
_camera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_sceneState.Camera, _window, Ellipsoid.UnitSphere);
_clearState = new ClearState();
string vs =
@"#version 330
layout(location = og_positionVertexLocation) in vec4 position;
layout(location = og_normalVertexLocation) in vec3 normal;
layout(location = og_textureCoordinateVertexLocation) in vec2 textureCoordinate;
out vec3 positionToLight;
out vec3 positionToEye;
out vec3 surfaceNormal;
out vec2 surfaceTextureCoordinate;
uniform mat4 og_modelViewPerspectiveMatrix;
uniform vec3 og_cameraEye;
uniform vec3 og_cameraLightPosition;
void main()
{
gl_Position = og_modelViewPerspectiveMatrix * position;
positionToLight = og_cameraLightPosition - position.xyz;
positionToEye = og_cameraEye - position.xyz;
surfaceNormal = normal;
surfaceTextureCoordinate = textureCoordinate;
}";
string fs =
@"#version 330
in vec3 positionToLight;
in vec3 positionToEye;
in vec3 surfaceNormal;
in vec2 surfaceTextureCoordinate;
out vec3 fragmentColor;
uniform vec4 og_diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess;
uniform sampler2D og_texture0;
float LightIntensity(vec3 normal, vec3 toLight, vec3 toEye, vec4 diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess)
{
vec3 toReflectedLight = reflect(-toLight, normal);
float diffuse = max(dot(toLight, normal), 0.0);
float specular = max(dot(toReflectedLight, toEye), 0.0);
specular = pow(specular, diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess.w);
return (diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess.x * diffuse) +
(diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess.y * specular) +
diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess.z;
}
void main()
{
vec3 normal = normalize(surfaceNormal);
float intensity = LightIntensity(normal, normalize(positionToLight), normalize(positionToEye), og_diffuseSpecularAmbientShininess);
fragmentColor = intensity * texture(og_texture0, surfaceTextureCoordinate).rgb;
}";
ShaderProgram sp = Device.CreateShaderProgram(vs, fs);
Mesh mesh = SubdivisionSphereTessellator.Compute(5, SubdivisionSphereVertexAttributes.All);
VertexArray va = _window.Context.CreateVertexArray(mesh, sp.VertexAttributes, BufferHint.StaticDraw);
_primitiveType = mesh.PrimitiveType;
RenderState renderState = new RenderState();
renderState.FacetCulling.FrontFaceWindingOrder = mesh.FrontFaceWindingOrder;
_drawState = new DrawState(renderState, sp, va);
Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap("NE2_50M_SR_W_4096.jpg");
_texture = Device.CreateTexture2D(bitmap, TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8, false);
}
private void OnKeyDown(object sender, KeyboardKeyEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Key == KeyboardKey.U)
{
_sceneState.SunPosition = _sceneState.Camera.Eye;
}
else if (e.Key == KeyboardKey.W)
{
_clipmap.Wireframe = !_clipmap.Wireframe;
UpdateHUD();
}
else if (e.Key == KeyboardKey.B)
{
if (!_clipmap.BlendRegionsEnabled)
{
_clipmap.BlendRegionsEnabled = true;
_clipmap.ShowBlendRegions = false;
}
else if (_clipmap.ShowBlendRegions)
{
_clipmap.BlendRegionsEnabled = false;
}
else
{
_clipmap.ShowBlendRegions = true;
}
UpdateHUD();
}
else if (e.Key == KeyboardKey.L)
{
_clipmap.LodUpdateEnabled = !_clipmap.LodUpdateEnabled;
UpdateHUD();
}
else if (e.Key == KeyboardKey.C)
{
_clipmap.ColorClipmapLevels = !_clipmap.ColorClipmapLevels;
if (_clipmap.ColorClipmapLevels)
{
_clipmap.ShowImagery = false;
_clipmap.Lighting = true;
}
UpdateHUD();
}
else if (e.Key == KeyboardKey.I)
{
_clipmap.ShowImagery = !_clipmap.ShowImagery;
_clipmap.Lighting = !_clipmap.ShowImagery;
if (_clipmap.ShowImagery)
{
_clipmap.ColorClipmapLevels = false;
}
UpdateHUD();
}
else if (e.Key == KeyboardKey.S)
{
_clipmap.Lighting = !_clipmap.Lighting;
UpdateHUD();
}
else if (e.Key == KeyboardKey.Z)
{
if (_lookCamera != null)
{
double longitude = -119.5326056;
double latitude = 37.74451389;
Geodetic3D halfDome = new Geodetic3D(Trig.ToRadians(longitude), Trig.ToRadians(latitude), 2700.0);
_lookCamera.ViewPoint(_ellipsoid, halfDome);
_lookCamera.Azimuth = 0.0;
_lookCamera.Elevation = Trig.ToRadians(30.0);
_lookCamera.Range = 10000.0;
}
}
else if (e.Key == KeyboardKey.F)
{
if (_lookCamera != null)
{
_lookCamera.Dispose();
_lookCamera = null;
_flyCamera = new CameraFly(_sceneState.Camera, _window);
_flyCamera.MovementRate = 1200.0;
}
else if (_flyCamera != null)
{
_flyCamera.Dispose();
_flyCamera = null;
_sceneState.Camera.Target = new Vector3D(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
_lookCamera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_sceneState.Camera, _window, _ellipsoid);
_lookCamera.UpdateParametersFromCamera();
}
UpdateHUD();
}
else if (_flyCamera != null && (e.Key == KeyboardKey.Plus || e.Key == KeyboardKey.KeypadPlus))
{
_flyCamera.MovementRate *= 2.0;
UpdateHUD();
}
else if (_flyCamera != null && (e.Key == KeyboardKey.Minus || e.Key == KeyboardKey.KeypadMinus))
{
_flyCamera.MovementRate *= 0.5;
UpdateHUD();
}
else if (e.Key == KeyboardKey.E)
{
if (_clipmap.Ellipsoid.MaximumRadius == _clipmap.Ellipsoid.MinimumRadius)
{
_clipmap.Ellipsoid = Ellipsoid.Wgs84;
_globe.Shape = Ellipsoid.Wgs84;
}
else
{
double radius = Ellipsoid.Wgs84.MaximumRadius;
_clipmap.Ellipsoid = new Ellipsoid(radius, radius, radius);
_globe.Shape = _clipmap.Ellipsoid;
}
}
}
public LinesOnTerrain()
{
_window = Device.CreateWindow(800, 600, "Research: Lines on Terrain");
_window.Resize += OnResize;
_window.RenderFrame += OnRenderFrame;
_window.Keyboard.KeyDown += OnKeyDown;
_sceneState = new SceneState();
_sceneState.Camera.PerspectiveFarPlaneDistance = 4096;
_sceneState.Camera.PerspectiveNearPlaneDistance = 10;
_instructions = new HeadsUpDisplay();
_instructions.Texture = Device.CreateTexture2D(
Device.CreateBitmapFromText(
"u - Use silhouette\ns - Show silhouette\n",
new Font("Arial", 24)),
TextureFormat.RedGreenBlueAlpha8, false);
_instructions.Color = Color.LightBlue;
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
TerrainTile terrainTile = TerrainTile.FromBitmap(new Bitmap(@"ps-e.lg.png"));
_tile = new TriangleMeshTerrainTile(_window.Context, terrainTile);
_tile.HeightExaggeration = 30.0f;
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
double tileRadius = Math.Max(terrainTile.Resolution.X, terrainTile.Resolution.Y) * 0.5;
_camera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_sceneState.Camera, _window, Ellipsoid.UnitSphere);
_camera.CenterPoint = new Vector3D(terrainTile.Resolution.X * 0.5, terrainTile.Resolution.Y * 0.5, 0.0);
_sceneState.Camera.ZoomToTarget(tileRadius);
_sceneState.Camera.Eye = new Vector3D(_xPos, 256, 0);
//
// Positions
//
IList <Vector3D> positions = new List <Vector3D>();
double temp = 1.2 * _tile.HeightExaggeration;
positions.Add(new Vector3D(0.0, 0.0, -temp));
positions.Add(new Vector3D(0.0, 0.0, temp));
positions.Add(new Vector3D(100.0, 100.0, -temp));
positions.Add(new Vector3D(100.0, 100.0, temp));
positions.Add(new Vector3D(200.0, 100.0, -temp));
positions.Add(new Vector3D(200.0, 100.0, temp));
positions.Add(new Vector3D(256.0, 256.0, -temp));
positions.Add(new Vector3D(256.0, 256.0, temp));
positions.Add(new Vector3D(512.0, 512.0, -temp));
positions.Add(new Vector3D(512.0, 512.0, temp));
//
// junk
_polylineOnTerrain = new PolylineOnTerrain();
_polylineOnTerrain.Set(_window.Context, positions);
_clearState = new ClearState();
// junk
string fs =
@"#version 330
uniform sampler2D og_texture0;
in vec2 fsTextureCoordinates;
out vec4 fragmentColor;
void main()
{
if (texture(og_texture0, fsTextureCoordinates).r == 0.0)
{
fragmentColor = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
}
else
{
discard;
}
}";
_viewportQuad = new ViewportQuad(_window.Context, fs);
}
public LatitudeLongitudeGrid()
{
Ellipsoid globeShape = Ellipsoid.Wgs84;
_window = Device.CreateWindow(800, 600, "Chapter 4: Latitude Longitude Grid");
_window.Resize += OnResize;
_window.RenderFrame += OnRenderFrame;
_sceneState = new SceneState();
_camera = new CameraLookAtPoint(_sceneState.Camera, _window, globeShape);
_clearState = new ClearState();
_sceneState.Camera.PerspectiveNearPlaneDistance = 0.01 * globeShape.MaximumRadius;
_sceneState.Camera.PerspectiveFarPlaneDistance = 10.0 * globeShape.MaximumRadius;
_sceneState.Camera.ZoomToTarget(globeShape.MaximumRadius);
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
IList <GridResolution> gridResolutions = new List <GridResolution>();
gridResolutions.Add(new GridResolution(
new Interval(0, 1000000, IntervalEndpoint.Closed, IntervalEndpoint.Open),
new Vector2D(0.005, 0.005)));
gridResolutions.Add(new GridResolution(
new Interval(1000000, 2000000, IntervalEndpoint.Closed, IntervalEndpoint.Open),
new Vector2D(0.01, 0.01)));
gridResolutions.Add(new GridResolution(
new Interval(2000000, 20000000, IntervalEndpoint.Closed, IntervalEndpoint.Open),
new Vector2D(0.05, 0.05)));
gridResolutions.Add(new GridResolution(
new Interval(20000000, double.MaxValue, IntervalEndpoint.Closed, IntervalEndpoint.Open),
new Vector2D(0.1, 0.1)));
_globe = new LatitudeLongitudeGridGlobe(_window.Context);
_globe.Texture = Device.CreateTexture2D(new Bitmap("NE2_50M_SR_W_4096.jpg"), TextureFormat.RedGreenBlue8, false);
_globe.Shape = globeShape;
_globe.GridResolutions = new GridResolutionCollection(gridResolutions);
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Vector3D vancouver = globeShape.ToVector3D(new Geodetic3D(Trig.ToRadians(-123.06), Trig.ToRadians(49.13), 0));
TextureAtlas atlas = new TextureAtlas(new Bitmap[]
{
new Bitmap("building.png"),
Device.CreateBitmapFromText("Vancouver", new Font("Arial", 24))
});
_vancouverLabel = new BillboardCollection(_window.Context);
_vancouverLabel.Texture = Device.CreateTexture2D(atlas.Bitmap, TextureFormat.RedGreenBlueAlpha8, false);
_vancouverLabel.DepthTestEnabled = false;
_vancouverLabel.Add(new Billboard()
{
Position = vancouver,
TextureCoordinates = atlas.TextureCoordinates[0]
});
_vancouverLabel.Add(new Billboard()
{
Position = vancouver,
TextureCoordinates = atlas.TextureCoordinates[1],
HorizontalOrigin = HorizontalOrigin.Left
});
atlas.Dispose();
}