protected void btnSave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                //use EF to connect to SQL Server
                using (DefaultConnection db = new DefaultConnection())
                {

                    //use the Student model to save the new record
                    Student s = new Student();
                    Int32 StudentID = 0;

                    //check the querystring for an id so we can determine add / update
                    if (Request.QueryString["StudentID"] != null)
                    {
                        //get the id from the url
                        StudentID = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["StudentID"]);

                        //get the current student from EF
                        s = (from objS in db.Students
                             where objS.StudentID == StudentID
                             select objS).FirstOrDefault();
                    }

                    s.LastName = txtLastName.Text;
                    s.FirstMidName = txtFirstMidName.Text;
                    s.EnrollmentDate = Convert.ToDateTime(txtEnrollmentDate.Text);

                    //call add only if we have no student ID
                    if (StudentID == 0)
                    {
                        db.Students.Add(s);
                    }

                    //run the update or insert
                    db.SaveChanges();

                    //redirect to the updated students page
                    Response.Redirect("students.aspx");
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                //redirect
            }
        }
        protected void btnSave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //connect
            using (DefaultConnection db = new DefaultConnection())
            {
                //create a new course and fill the properties
                Course objC = new Course();

                objC.Title = txtTitle.Text;
                objC.Credits = Convert.ToInt32(txtCredits.Text);
                objC.DepartmentID = Convert.ToInt32(ddlDepartment.SelectedValue);

                //save
                db.Courses.Add(objC);
                db.SaveChanges();

                //redirect
                Response.Redirect("courses.aspx");

            }
        }
        protected void grdDepartments_RowDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
        {
            //identify the DepartmentID to be deleted from the row the user selected
            Int32 DepartmentID = Convert.ToInt32(grdDepartments.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Values["DepartmentID"]);

            //connect
            using (DefaultConnection db = new DefaultConnection())
            {
                Department dep = (from d in db.Departments
                                  where d.DepartmentID == DepartmentID
                                  select d).FirstOrDefault();

                //delete
                db.Departments.Remove(dep);
                db.SaveChanges();

                //refresh grid
                GetDepartments();

            }
        }
        protected void btnRegister_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //connect
            using (DefaultConnection db = new DefaultConnection())
            {
                //create a new instructor
                Instructor objI = new Instructor();

                //fill the properties from the form inputs
                objI.FirstName = txtFirstName.Text;
                objI.LastName = txtLastName.Text;
                objI.Username = txtUsername.Text;
                objI.DepartmentID = Convert.ToInt32(ddlDepartment.SelectedValue);

                //salt and hash the plain text password
                String password = txtPassword.Text;
                String salt = CreateSalt(8);
                String pass_and_salt = password + salt;

                // Create a new instance of the hash crypto service provider.
                HashAlgorithm hashAlg = new SHA256CryptoServiceProvider();

                // Convert the data to hash to an array of Bytes.
                byte[] bytValue = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(pass_and_salt);

                // Compute the Hash. This returns an array of Bytes.
                byte[] bytHash = hashAlg.ComputeHash(bytValue);

                // Optionally, represent the hash value as a base64-encoded string,
                // For example, if you need to display the value or transmit it over a network.
                string base64 = Convert.ToBase64String(bytHash);

                objI.Password = base64;
                objI.Salt = salt;

                //save
                db.Instructors.Add(objI);
                db.SaveChanges();
            }
        }
        protected void btnSave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //connect
            using (DefaultConnection db = new DefaultConnection())
            {
                //create a new department in memory
                Department dep = new Department();

                Int32 DepartmentID = 0;

                //check for a url
                if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(Request.QueryString["DepartmentID"]))
                {
                    //get the id from the url
                    DepartmentID = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["DepartmentID"]);

                    //look up the department
                    dep = (from d in db.Departments
                           where d.DepartmentID == DepartmentID
                           select d).FirstOrDefault();
                }

                //fill the properties of the new department
                dep.Name = txtName.Text;
                dep.Budget = Convert.ToDecimal(txtBudget.Text);

                //add if we have no id in the url
                if (DepartmentID == 0)
                {
                    db.Departments.Add(dep);
                }

                //save the new department
                db.SaveChanges();

                //redirect to the departments list page
                Response.Redirect("departments.aspx");
            }
        }
        protected void grdStudents_RowDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
        {
            //store which row was clicked
            Int32 selectedRow = e.RowIndex;

            //get the selected StudentID using the grid's Data Key collection
            Int32 StudentID = Convert.ToInt32(grdStudents.DataKeys[selectedRow].Values["StudentID"]);

            //use EF to remove the selected student from the db
            using (DefaultConnection db = new DefaultConnection())
            {

                Student s = (from objS in db.Students
                             where objS.StudentID == StudentID
                             select objS).FirstOrDefault();

                //do the delete
                db.Students.Remove(s);
                db.SaveChanges();
            }

            //refresh the grid
            GetStudents();
        }
        protected void btnAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //connect
            using (DefaultConnection db = new DefaultConnection())
            {
                //instantiate a new enrollment
                Enrollment objE = new Enrollment();

                objE.StudentID = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["StudentID"]);
                objE.CourseID = Convert.ToInt32(ddlCourse.SelectedValue);

                //save
                db.Enrollments.Add(objE);
                db.SaveChanges();

                //refresh courses grid
                GetEnrollments();

                //reset the dropdowns
                ddlDepartment.ClearSelection();
                ddlCourse.ClearSelection();

            }
        }
        protected void grdCourses_RowDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
        {
            //get selected record id
            Int32 EnrollmentID = Convert.ToInt32(grdCourses.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Values["EnrollmentID"]);

            using (DefaultConnection db = new DefaultConnection())
            {
                //get selected record
                Enrollment objE = (from en in db.Enrollments
                                   where en.EnrollmentID == EnrollmentID
                                   select en).FirstOrDefault();

                //delete
                db.Enrollments.Remove(objE);
                db.SaveChanges();

                //refresh the data on the page
                GetStudent();

                //reattach js delete confirmation
            }
        }