/// <summary>
/// Measures the distance between two positions.
/// </summary>
public double MeasureDistance(CoordinateVector p1, CoordinateVector p2)
{
KeyValuePair<ulong,double>[] arr1 = p1.CoordArray;
KeyValuePair<ulong,double>[] arr2 = p2.CoordArray;
// Store these heavily used values locally.
int arr1Length = arr1.Length;
int arr2Length = arr2.Length;
//--- Test for special cases.
if(0 == arr1Length && 0 == arr2Length)
{ // Both arrays are empty. No disparities, therefore the distance is zero.
return 0.0;
}
double distance = 0;
if(0 == arr1Length)
{ // All arr2 genes are mismatches.
for(int i=0; i<arr2Length; i++) {
distance += arr2[i].Value * arr2[i].Value;
}
return Math.Sqrt(distance);
}
if(0 == arr2Length)
{ // All arr1 elements are mismatches.
for(int i=0; i<arr1Length; i++) {
distance += arr1[i].Value * arr1[i].Value;
}
return Math.Sqrt(distance);
}
//----- Both arrays contain elements.
int arr1Idx = 0;
int arr2Idx = 0;
KeyValuePair<ulong,double> elem1 = arr1[arr1Idx];
KeyValuePair<ulong,double> elem2 = arr2[arr2Idx];
for(;;)
{
if(elem1.Key < elem2.Key)
{
// p2 doesn't specify a value in this dimension therefore we take it's position to be 0.
distance += elem1.Value * elem1.Value;
// Move to the next element in arr1.
arr1Idx++;
}
else if(elem1.Key == elem2.Key)
{
// Matching elements. Note that abs() isn't required because we square the result.
double tmp = elem1.Value - elem2.Value;
distance += tmp * tmp;
// Move to the next element in both arrays.
arr1Idx++;
arr2Idx++;
}
else // elem2.Key < elem1.Key
{
// p1 doesn't specify a value in this dimension therefore we take it's position to be 0.
distance += elem2.Value * elem2.Value;
// Move to the next element in arr2.
arr2Idx++;
}
// Check if we have exhausted one or both of the arrays.
if(arr1Idx == arr1.Length)
{ // All remaining arr2 elements are mismatches.
for(int i=arr2Idx; i<arr2Length; i++) {
distance += arr2[i].Value * arr2[i].Value;
}
return Math.Sqrt(distance);
}
if(arr2Idx == arr2Length)
{ // All remaining arr1 elements are mismatches.
for(int i=arr1Idx; i<arr1.Length; i++) {
distance += arr1[i].Value * arr1[i].Value;
}
return Math.Sqrt(distance);
}
elem1 = arr1[arr1Idx];
elem2 = arr2[arr2Idx];
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Tests if the distance between two positions is less than some threshold.
///
/// A simple way of implementing this method would be to calculate the distance between the
/// two coordinates and test if it is less than the threshold. However, that approach requires that all of the
/// elements in both CoordinateVectors be fully compared. We can improve performance in the general case
/// by testing if the threshold has been passed after each vector element comparison thus allowing an early exit
/// from the method for many calls. Further to this, we can begin comparing from the ends of the vectors where
/// differences are most likely to occur.
/// </summary>
public bool MeasureDistance(CoordinateVector p1, CoordinateVector p2, double threshold)
{
// Instead of calculating the euclidean distance we calculate distance squared (we skip the final sqrt
// part of the formula). If we then square the threshold value this obviates the need to take the square
// root when comparing our accumulating calculated distance with the threshold.
threshold = threshold * threshold;
KeyValuePair<ulong,double>[] arr1 = p1.CoordArray;
KeyValuePair<ulong,double>[] arr2 = p2.CoordArray;
// Store these heavily used values locally.
int arr1Length = arr1.Length;
int arr2Length = arr2.Length;
//--- Test for special cases.
if(0 == arr1Length && 0 == arr2Length)
{ // Both arrays are empty. No disparities, therefore the distance is zero.
return 0.0 < threshold;
}
double distance = 0.0;
if(0 == arr1Length)
{ // All arr2 elements are mismatches.
// p1 doesn't specify a value in these dimensions therefore we take its position to be 0 in all of them.
for(int i=0; i<arr2Length; i++) {
distance += arr2[i].Value * arr2[i].Value;
}
return distance < threshold;
}
if(0 == arr2Length)
{ // All arr1 elements are mismatches.
// p2 doesn't specify a value in these dimensions therefore we take it's position to be 0 in all of them.
for(int i=0; i<arr1Length; i++) {
distance += arr1[i].Value * arr1[i].Value;
}
return distance < threshold;
}
//----- Both arrays contain elements. Compare the contents starting from the ends where the greatest discrepancies
// between coordinates are expected to occur. Generally this should result in less element comparisons
// before the threshold is passed and we exit the method.
int arr1Idx = arr1Length - 1;
int arr2Idx = arr2Length - 1;
KeyValuePair<ulong,double> elem1 = arr1[arr1Idx];
KeyValuePair<ulong,double> elem2 = arr2[arr2Idx];
for(;;)
{
if(elem2.Key > elem1.Key)
{
// p1 doesn't specify a value in this dimension therefore we take it's position to be 0.
distance += elem2.Value * elem2.Value;
// Move to the next element in arr2.
arr2Idx--;
}
else if(elem1.Key == elem2.Key)
{
// Matching elements. Note that abs() isn't required because we square the result.
double tmp = elem1.Value - elem2.Value;
distance += tmp * tmp;
// Move to the next element in both lists.
arr1Idx--;
arr2Idx--;
}
else // elem1.Key > elem2.Key
{
// p2 doesn't specify a value in this dimension therefore we take it's position to be 0.
distance += elem1.Value * elem1.Value;
// Move to the next element in arr1.
arr1Idx--;
}
// Test the threshold.
if(distance >= threshold) {
return false;
}
// Check if we have exhausted one or both of the arrays.
if(arr1Idx < 0)
{ // Any remaining arr2 elements are mismatches.
for(int i=arr2Idx; i > -1; i--) {
distance += arr2[i].Value * arr2[i].Value;
}
return distance < threshold;
}
if(arr2Idx < 0)
{ // All remaining arr1 elements are mismatches.
for(int i=arr1Idx; i > -1; i--) {
distance += arr1[i].Value * arr1[i].Value;
}
return distance < threshold;
}
elem1 = arr1[arr1Idx];
elem2 = arr2[arr2Idx];
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Tests if the distance between two positions is less than some threshold.
///
/// A simple way of implementing this method would be to calculate the distance between the
/// two coordinates and test if it is less than the threshold. However, that approach requires that all of the
/// elements in both CoordinateVectors be fully compared. We can improve performance in the general case
/// by testing if the threshold has been passed after each vector element comparison thus allowing an early exit
/// from the method for many calls. Further to this, we can begin comparing from the ends of the vectors where
/// differences are most likely to occur.
/// </summary>
public bool MeasureDistance(CoordinateVector p1, CoordinateVector p2, double threshold)
{
KeyValuePair<ulong,double>[] arr1 = p1.CoordArray;
KeyValuePair<ulong,double>[] arr2 = p2.CoordArray;
// Store these heavily used values locally.
int arr1Length = arr1.Length;
int arr2Length = arr2.Length;
//--- Test for special cases.
if(0 == arr1Length && 0 == arr2Length)
{ // Both arrays are empty. No disparities, therefore the distance is zero.
return 0.0 < threshold;
}
double distance = 0.0;
if(0 == arr1Length)
{ // All arr2 elements are mismatches.
// p1 doesn't specify a value in these dimensions therefore we take its position to be 0 in all of them.
for(int i=0; i<arr2Length; i++) {
distance += Math.Abs(arr2[i].Value);
}
distance = (_mismatchDistanceConstant * arr2Length) + (distance * _mismatchDistanceCoeff);
return distance < threshold;
}
if(0 == arr2Length)
{ // All arr1 elements are mismatches.
// p2 doesn't specify a value in these dimensions therefore we take it's position to be 0 in all of them.
for(int i=0; i<arr1Length; i++) {
distance += Math.Abs(arr1[i].Value);
}
distance = (_mismatchDistanceConstant * arr1Length) + (distance * _mismatchDistanceCoeff);
return distance < threshold;
}
//----- Both arrays contain elements. Compare the contents starting from the ends where the greatest discrepancies
// between coordinates are expected to occur. In the general case this should result in less element comparisons
// before the threshold is passed and we exit the method.
int arr1Idx = arr1Length - 1;
int arr2Idx = arr2Length - 1;
KeyValuePair<ulong,double> elem1 = arr1[arr1Idx];
KeyValuePair<ulong,double> elem2 = arr2[arr2Idx];
for(;;)
{
if(elem2.Key > elem1.Key)
{
// p1 doesn't specify a value in this dimension therefore we take it's position to be 0.
distance += _mismatchDistanceConstant + (Math.Abs(elem2.Value) * _mismatchDistanceCoeff);
// Move to the next element in arr2.
arr2Idx--;
}
else if(elem1.Key == elem2.Key)
{
// Matching elements.
distance += Math.Abs(elem1.Value - elem2.Value) * _matchDistanceCoeff;
// Move to the next element in both arrays.
arr1Idx--;
arr2Idx--;
}
else // elem1.Key > elem2.Key
{
// p2 doesn't specify a value in this dimension therefore we take it's position to be 0.
distance += _mismatchDistanceConstant + (Math.Abs(elem1.Value) * _mismatchDistanceCoeff);
// Move to the next element in arr1.
arr1Idx--;
}
// Test the threshold.
if(distance >= threshold) {
return false;
}
// Check if we have exhausted one or both of the arrays.
if(arr1Idx < 0)
{ // Any remaining arr2 elements are mismatches.
for(int i=arr2Idx; i >- 1; i--) {
distance += _mismatchDistanceConstant + (Math.Abs(arr2[i].Value) * _mismatchDistanceCoeff);
}
return distance < threshold;
}
if(arr2Idx < 0)
{ // All remaining arr1 elements are mismatches.
for(int i=arr1Idx; i > -1; i--) {
distance += _mismatchDistanceConstant + (Math.Abs(arr1[i].Value) * _mismatchDistanceCoeff);
}
return distance < threshold;
}
elem1 = arr1[arr1Idx];
elem2 = arr2[arr2Idx];
}
}