/// <summary>
/// Checks the integrity of an NTFS file system held in a stream.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="reportOutput">A report on issues found</param>
/// <param name="levels">The amount of detail to report</param>
/// <returns><c>true</c> if the file system appears valid, else <c>false</c></returns>
public override bool Check(TextWriter reportOutput, ReportLevels levels)
{
_context = new NtfsContext();
_context.RawStream = _target;
_context.Options = new NtfsOptions();
_report = reportOutput;
_reportLevels = levels;
_levelsDetected = ReportLevels.None;
try
{
DoCheck();
}
catch (AbortException ae)
{
ReportError("File system check aborted: " + ae.ToString());
return false;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
ReportError("File system check aborted with exception: " + e.ToString());
return false;
}
return (_levelsDetected & _levelsConsideredFail) == 0;
}
public NtfsFileSystem Format(Stream stream)
{
_context = new NtfsContext();
_context.Options = new NtfsOptions();
_context.RawStream = stream;
_context.AttributeDefinitions = new AttributeDefinitions();
string localAdminString = (ComputerAccount == null)
? "LA"
: new SecurityIdentifier(WellKnownSidType.AccountAdministratorSid, ComputerAccount).ToString();
using (new NtfsTransaction())
{
_clusterSize = 4096;
_mftRecordSize = 1024;
_indexBufferSize = 4096;
long totalClusters = ((SectorCount - 1) * Sizes.Sector) / _clusterSize;
// Allocate a minimum of 8KB for the boot loader, but allow for more
int numBootClusters = Utilities.Ceil(Math.Max((int)(8 * Sizes.OneKiB), BootCode == null ? 0 : BootCode.Length), _clusterSize);
// Place MFT mirror in the middle of the volume
_mftMirrorCluster = totalClusters / 2;
uint numMftMirrorClusters = 1;
// The bitmap is also near the middle
_bitmapCluster = _mftMirrorCluster + 13;
int numBitmapClusters = (int)Utilities.Ceil((totalClusters / 8), _clusterSize);
// The MFT bitmap goes 'near' the start - approx 10% in - but ensure we avoid the bootloader
long mftBitmapCluster = Math.Max(3 + (totalClusters / 10), numBootClusters);
int numMftBitmapClusters = 1;
// The MFT follows it's bitmap
_mftCluster = mftBitmapCluster + numMftBitmapClusters;
int numMftClusters = 8;
if (_mftCluster + numMftClusters > _mftMirrorCluster
|| _bitmapCluster + numBitmapClusters >= totalClusters)
{
throw new IOException("Unable to determine initial layout of NTFS metadata - disk may be too small");
}
CreateBiosParameterBlock(stream, numBootClusters * _clusterSize);
_context.Mft = new MasterFileTable(_context);
File mftFile = _context.Mft.InitializeNew(_context, mftBitmapCluster, (ulong)numMftBitmapClusters, (long)_mftCluster, (ulong)numMftClusters);
File bitmapFile = CreateFixedSystemFile(MasterFileTable.BitmapIndex, _bitmapCluster, (ulong)numBitmapClusters, true);
_context.ClusterBitmap = new ClusterBitmap(bitmapFile);
_context.ClusterBitmap.MarkAllocated(0, numBootClusters);
_context.ClusterBitmap.MarkAllocated(_bitmapCluster, numBitmapClusters);
_context.ClusterBitmap.MarkAllocated(mftBitmapCluster, numMftBitmapClusters);
_context.ClusterBitmap.MarkAllocated(_mftCluster, numMftClusters);
_context.ClusterBitmap.SetTotalClusters(totalClusters);
bitmapFile.UpdateRecordInMft();
File mftMirrorFile = CreateFixedSystemFile(MasterFileTable.MftMirrorIndex, _mftMirrorCluster, numMftMirrorClusters, true);
File logFile = CreateSystemFile(MasterFileTable.LogFileIndex);
using (Stream s = logFile.OpenStream(AttributeType.Data, null, FileAccess.ReadWrite))
{
s.SetLength(Math.Min(Math.Max(2 * Sizes.OneMiB, (totalClusters / 500) * (long)_clusterSize), 64 * Sizes.OneMiB));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024];
for (int i = 0; i < buffer.Length; ++i)
{
buffer[i] = 0xFF;
}
long totalWritten = 0;
while (totalWritten < s.Length)
{
int toWrite = (int)Math.Min(s.Length - totalWritten, buffer.Length);
s.Write(buffer, 0, toWrite);
totalWritten += toWrite;
}
}
File volumeFile = CreateSystemFile(MasterFileTable.VolumeIndex);
NtfsStream volNameStream = volumeFile.CreateStream(AttributeType.VolumeName, null);
volNameStream.SetContent(new VolumeName(Label ?? "New Volume"));
NtfsStream volInfoStream = volumeFile.CreateStream(AttributeType.VolumeInformation, null);
volInfoStream.SetContent(new VolumeInformation(3, 1, VolumeInformationFlags.None));
SetSecurityAttribute(volumeFile, "O:" + localAdminString + "G:BAD:(A;;0x12019f;;;SY)(A;;0x12019f;;;BA)");
volumeFile.UpdateRecordInMft();
_context.GetFileByIndex = delegate(long index) { return new File(_context, _context.Mft.GetRecord(index, false)); };
_context.AllocateFile = delegate(FileRecordFlags frf) { return new File(_context, _context.Mft.AllocateRecord(frf, false)); };
File attrDefFile = CreateSystemFile(MasterFileTable.AttrDefIndex);
_context.AttributeDefinitions.WriteTo(attrDefFile);
SetSecurityAttribute(attrDefFile, "O:" + localAdminString + "G:BAD:(A;;FR;;;SY)(A;;FR;;;BA)");
attrDefFile.UpdateRecordInMft();
File bootFile = CreateFixedSystemFile(MasterFileTable.BootIndex, 0, (uint)numBootClusters, false);
SetSecurityAttribute(bootFile, "O:" + localAdminString + "G:BAD:(A;;FR;;;SY)(A;;FR;;;BA)");
bootFile.UpdateRecordInMft();
File badClusFile = CreateSystemFile(MasterFileTable.BadClusIndex);
badClusFile.CreateStream(AttributeType.Data, "$Bad");
badClusFile.UpdateRecordInMft();
File secureFile = CreateSystemFile(MasterFileTable.SecureIndex, FileRecordFlags.HasViewIndex);
secureFile.RemoveStream(secureFile.GetStream(AttributeType.Data, null));
_context.SecurityDescriptors = SecurityDescriptors.Initialize(secureFile);
secureFile.UpdateRecordInMft();
File upcaseFile = CreateSystemFile(MasterFileTable.UpCaseIndex);
_context.UpperCase = UpperCase.Initialize(upcaseFile);
upcaseFile.UpdateRecordInMft();
File objIdFile = File.CreateNew(_context, FileRecordFlags.IsMetaFile | FileRecordFlags.HasViewIndex, FileAttributeFlags.None);
objIdFile.RemoveStream(objIdFile.GetStream(AttributeType.Data, null));
objIdFile.CreateIndex("$O", (AttributeType)0, AttributeCollationRule.MultipleUnsignedLongs);
objIdFile.UpdateRecordInMft();
File reparseFile = File.CreateNew(_context, FileRecordFlags.IsMetaFile | FileRecordFlags.HasViewIndex, FileAttributeFlags.None);
reparseFile.CreateIndex("$R", (AttributeType)0, AttributeCollationRule.MultipleUnsignedLongs);
reparseFile.UpdateRecordInMft();
File quotaFile = File.CreateNew(_context, FileRecordFlags.IsMetaFile | FileRecordFlags.HasViewIndex, FileAttributeFlags.None);
Quotas.Initialize(quotaFile);
Directory extendDir = CreateSystemDirectory(MasterFileTable.ExtendIndex);
extendDir.AddEntry(objIdFile, "$ObjId", FileNameNamespace.Win32AndDos);
extendDir.AddEntry(reparseFile, "$Reparse", FileNameNamespace.Win32AndDos);
extendDir.AddEntry(quotaFile, "$Quota", FileNameNamespace.Win32AndDos);
extendDir.UpdateRecordInMft();
Directory rootDir = CreateSystemDirectory(MasterFileTable.RootDirIndex);
rootDir.AddEntry(mftFile, "$MFT", FileNameNamespace.Win32AndDos);
rootDir.AddEntry(mftMirrorFile, "$MFTMirr", FileNameNamespace.Win32AndDos);
rootDir.AddEntry(logFile, "$LogFile", FileNameNamespace.Win32AndDos);
rootDir.AddEntry(volumeFile, "$Volume", FileNameNamespace.Win32AndDos);
rootDir.AddEntry(attrDefFile, "$AttrDef", FileNameNamespace.Win32AndDos);
rootDir.AddEntry(rootDir, ".", FileNameNamespace.Win32AndDos);
rootDir.AddEntry(bitmapFile, "$Bitmap", FileNameNamespace.Win32AndDos);
rootDir.AddEntry(bootFile, "$Boot", FileNameNamespace.Win32AndDos);
rootDir.AddEntry(badClusFile, "$BadClus", FileNameNamespace.Win32AndDos);
rootDir.AddEntry(secureFile, "$Secure", FileNameNamespace.Win32AndDos);
rootDir.AddEntry(upcaseFile, "$UpCase", FileNameNamespace.Win32AndDos);
rootDir.AddEntry(extendDir, "$Extend", FileNameNamespace.Win32AndDos);
SetSecurityAttribute(rootDir, "O:" + localAdminString + "G:BUD:(A;OICI;FA;;;BA)(A;OICI;FA;;;SY)(A;OICIIO;GA;;;CO)(A;OICI;0x1200a9;;;BU)(A;CI;LC;;;BU)(A;CIIO;DC;;;BU)(A;;0x1200a9;;;WD)");
rootDir.UpdateRecordInMft();
// A number of records are effectively 'reserved'
for (long i = MasterFileTable.ExtendIndex + 1; i <= 15; i++)
{
File f = CreateSystemFile(i);
SetSecurityAttribute(f, "O:S-1-5-21-1708537768-746137067-1060284298-1003G:BAD:(A;;0x12019f;;;SY)(A;;0x12019f;;;BA)");
f.UpdateRecordInMft();
}
}
// XP-style security permissions setup
NtfsFileSystem ntfs = new NtfsFileSystem(stream);
ntfs.SetSecurity(@"$MFT", new RawSecurityDescriptor("O:" + localAdminString + "G:BAD:(A;;FR;;;SY)(A;;FR;;;BA)"));
ntfs.SetSecurity(@"$MFTMirr", new RawSecurityDescriptor("O:" + localAdminString + "G:BAD:(A;;FR;;;SY)(A;;FR;;;BA)"));
ntfs.SetSecurity(@"$LogFile", new RawSecurityDescriptor("O:" + localAdminString + "G:BAD:(A;;FR;;;SY)(A;;FR;;;BA)"));
ntfs.SetSecurity(@"$Bitmap", new RawSecurityDescriptor("O:" + localAdminString + "G:BAD:(A;;FR;;;SY)(A;;FR;;;BA)"));
ntfs.SetSecurity(@"$BadClus", new RawSecurityDescriptor("O:" + localAdminString + "G:BAD:(A;;FR;;;SY)(A;;FR;;;BA)"));
ntfs.SetSecurity(@"$UpCase", new RawSecurityDescriptor("O:" + localAdminString + "G:BAD:(A;;FR;;;SY)(A;;FR;;;BA)"));
ntfs.SetSecurity(@"$Secure", new RawSecurityDescriptor("O:" + localAdminString + "G:BAD:(A;;0x12019f;;;SY)(A;;0x12019f;;;BA)"));
ntfs.SetSecurity(@"$Extend", new RawSecurityDescriptor("O:" + localAdminString + "G:BAD:(A;;0x12019f;;;SY)(A;;0x12019f;;;BA)"));
ntfs.SetSecurity(@"$Extend\$Quota", new RawSecurityDescriptor("O:" + localAdminString + "G:BAD:(A;;0x12019f;;;SY)(A;;0x12019f;;;BA)"));
ntfs.SetSecurity(@"$Extend\$ObjId", new RawSecurityDescriptor("O:" + localAdminString + "G:BAD:(A;;0x12019f;;;SY)(A;;0x12019f;;;BA)"));
ntfs.SetSecurity(@"$Extend\$Reparse", new RawSecurityDescriptor("O:" + localAdminString + "G:BAD:(A;;0x12019f;;;SY)(A;;0x12019f;;;BA)"));
ntfs.CreateDirectory("System Volume Information");
ntfs.SetAttributes("System Volume Information", FileAttributes.Hidden | FileAttributes.System | FileAttributes.Directory);
ntfs.SetSecurity("System Volume Information", new RawSecurityDescriptor("O:BAG:SYD:(A;OICI;FA;;;SY)"));
using (Stream s = ntfs.OpenFile(@"System Volume Information\MountPointManagerRemoteDatabase", FileMode.Create))
{
}
ntfs.SetAttributes(@"System Volume Information\MountPointManagerRemoteDatabase", FileAttributes.Hidden | FileAttributes.System | FileAttributes.Archive);
ntfs.SetSecurity(@"System Volume Information\MountPointManagerRemoteDatabase", new RawSecurityDescriptor("O:BAG:SYD:(A;;FA;;;SY)"));
return ntfs;
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the NtfsFileSystem class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="stream">The stream containing the NTFS file system</param>
public NtfsFileSystem(Stream stream)
: base(new NtfsOptions())
{
_context = new NtfsContext();
_context.RawStream = stream;
_context.Options = NtfsOptions;
_context.GetFileByIndex = GetFile;
_context.GetFileByRef = GetFile;
_context.GetDirectoryByRef = GetDirectory;
_context.GetDirectoryByIndex = GetDirectory;
_context.AllocateFile = AllocateFile;
_context.ForgetFile = ForgetFile;
_context.ReadOnly = !stream.CanWrite;
_fileCache = new ObjectCache<long, File>();
stream.Position = 0;
byte[] bytes = Utilities.ReadFully(stream, 512);
_context.BiosParameterBlock = BiosParameterBlock.FromBytes(bytes, 0);
if (NtfsOptions.ReadCacheEnabled)
{
BlockCacheSettings cacheSettings = new BlockCacheSettings();
cacheSettings.BlockSize = _context.BiosParameterBlock.BytesPerCluster;
_context.RawStream = new BlockCacheStream(SparseStream.FromStream(stream, Ownership.None), Ownership.None, cacheSettings);
}
// Bootstrap the Master File Table
_context.Mft = new MasterFileTable(_context);
File mftFile = new File(_context, _context.Mft.GetBootstrapRecord());
_fileCache[MasterFileTable.MftIndex] = mftFile;
_context.Mft.Initialize(mftFile);
// Initialize access to the other well-known metadata files
_context.ClusterBitmap = new ClusterBitmap(GetFile(MasterFileTable.BitmapIndex));
_context.AttributeDefinitions = new AttributeDefinitions(GetFile(MasterFileTable.AttrDefIndex));
_context.UpperCase = new UpperCase(GetFile(MasterFileTable.UpCaseIndex));
_context.SecurityDescriptors = new SecurityDescriptors(GetFile(MasterFileTable.SecureIndex));
_context.ObjectIds = new ObjectIds(GetFile(GetDirectoryEntry(@"$Extend\$ObjId").Reference));
_context.ReparsePoints = new ReparsePoints(GetFile(GetDirectoryEntry(@"$Extend\$Reparse").Reference));
_context.Quotas = new Quotas(GetFile(GetDirectoryEntry(@"$Extend\$Quota").Reference));
File volumeInfoFile = GetFile(MasterFileTable.VolumeIndex);
_volumeInfo = volumeInfoFile.GetStream(AttributeType.VolumeInformation, null).GetContent<VolumeInformation>();
#if false
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
for (int i = 0; i < buffer.Length; ++i)
{
buffer[i] = 0xFF;
}
using (Stream s = OpenFile("$LogFile", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.ReadWrite))
{
while (s.Position != s.Length)
{
s.Write(buffer, 0, (int)Math.Min(buffer.Length, s.Length - s.Position));
}
}
#endif
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets an object that can convert between clusters and files.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The cluster map</returns>
public ClusterMap BuildClusterMap()
{
_context = new NtfsContext();
_context.RawStream = _target;
_context.Options = new NtfsOptions();
_context.RawStream.Position = 0;
byte[] bytes = Utilities.ReadFully(_context.RawStream, 512);
_context.BiosParameterBlock = BiosParameterBlock.FromBytes(bytes, 0);
_context.Mft = new MasterFileTable(_context);
File mftFile = new File(_context, _context.Mft.GetBootstrapRecord());
_context.Mft.Initialize(mftFile);
return _context.Mft.GetClusterMap();
}