/// <summary>
/// All ULA timing states are synchronized to this internal 7MHz clock.
/// </summary>
public void ExecuteOnPixelClock()
{
// Debug interface : breakpoints management
ExitConditionException pendingExitException = null;
// Video signals generation is aligned on a 16 pixels pattern
int videoMem16StepsAccessPatternIndex = column % 16;
// --- CPU/ULA video memory contention
// The ULA accesses video memory from pixels 8 to 15
// outside the border generation periods. To make sure
// no CPU memory or IO access can overlap this period
// we must stop any CPU memory or IO instruction starting
// after pixel 4 and halt the CPU clock until next pixel 0.
switch (videoMem16StepsAccessPatternIndex)
{
case 0:
videoMemAccessTimeFrame = false;
break;
case 4:
if (!generateBorder)
{
videoMemAccessTimeFrame = true;
}
break;
}
if (videoMemAccessTimeFrame)
{
if (!haltCpuClock) // No need to check for CPU memory or IO requests while it is already halted
{
if ( // CPU is about to access the video memory
// CPU is about to access the ULA IO port
cpuMemoryOrIORequestHalfTState == 1)
{
haltCpuClock = true;
}
}
}
else
{
if (haltCpuClock)
{
haltCpuClock = false;
}
}
// --- CPU interrupt
if (line == 248)
{
if (column == 0 /* Offset : because of the time necessary to read the first pixels in video memory, color output begins only 13 cycles after the master counter */ + 13)
{
CpuINT = SignalState.LOW;
}
else if (column == 32 /* Offset : because of the time necessary to read the first pixels in video memory, color output begins only 13 cycles after the master counter */ + 13)
{
CpuINT = SignalState.HIGH;
}
}
// Connect TapeInput and SoundOutput
if (TapeInputSignal.Level == 1)
{
SpeakerSoundSignal.Level = 1;
}
else if (!soundOutputWasSetByTheCPU)
{
SpeakerSoundSignal.Level = 0;
}
if (!haltCpuClock)
{
// --- CPU clock
CpuCLK = PixelCLK; // C0 is directly used to drive CPU clock, but CPU T state starts with High state while ULA counter should start with C0 low
// Check for CPU memory or IO access that could interfere with ULA operations
if (cpuMemoryOrIORequestHalfTState == 0)
{
// CPU is about to access the video memory
bool cpuMemoryOrIORequestToVideoAddress = (Address.SampleValue() & A15A14) == VideoMem;
// CPU is about to access the ULA IO port
cpuIORequestToULA = (CpuIORQ == SignalState.LOW) && ((Address.SampleValue() & A0) == (ULAPort & A0));
if (cpuIORequestToULA)
{
// Check to see if it is a read operation
cpuIORequestToULAIsREAD = CpuWR == SignalState.HIGH;
}
if (cpuMemoryOrIORequestToVideoAddress || cpuIORequestToULA)
{
cpuMemoryOrIORequestHalfTState = 1;
}
}
else if (cpuMemoryOrIORequestHalfTState > 0)
{
cpuMemoryOrIORequestHalfTState++;
}
// --- CPU IO requests to ULA port
if (cpuIORequestToULA)
{
if (cpuIORequestToULAIsREAD)
{
if (cpuMemoryOrIORequestHalfTState == 5)
{
byte inputData = 0;
// Read keyboard state
KeyboardRD = SignalState.LOW;
inputData = (byte)(KeyboardData.SampleValue() & ULAPort_Read_Keyboard);
KeyboardRD = SignalState.HIGH;
// Load cassette
inputData |= (byte)(TapeInputSignal.Level << ULAPort_Read_EAR);
// Bits 5 and 7 as read by INning from Port 0xfe are always one
inputData |= ULAPort_Read_Bits5And7;
Data.SetValue(inputData);
}
else if (cpuMemoryOrIORequestHalfTState == 6)
{
Data.ReleaseValue();
}
}
else
{
if (cpuMemoryOrIORequestHalfTState == 3)
{
byte writeData = Data.SampleValue();
// Write borderColor register
borderColorRegister = (byte)(writeData & ULAPort_Write_Border);
// Output sound
SpeakerSoundSignal.Level = (byte)((writeData & ULAPort_Write_Speaker) >> 4);
if (SpeakerSoundSignal.Level == 1)
{
soundOutputWasSetByTheCPU = true;
}
else
{
soundOutputWasSetByTheCPU = false;
}
// Save cassette
TapeOuputSignal.Level = (byte)(writeData & ULAPort_Write_MIC);
}
}
}
else if (cpuMemoryOrIORequestHalfTState == 3)
{
// CPU is about to access the ULA IO port
cpuIORequestToULA = (CpuIORQ == SignalState.LOW) && ((Address.SampleValue() & A0) == (ULAPort & A0));
if (cpuIORequestToULA)
{
// Check to see if it is a read operation
cpuIORequestToULAIsREAD = CpuWR == SignalState.HIGH;
}
if (cpuIORequestToULA)
{
cpuMemoryOrIORequestHalfTState = 1;
}
}
}
if (cpuMemoryOrIORequestHalfTState == 6)
{
cpuMemoryOrIORequestHalfTState = 0;
}
// --- Compute pixel colors ---
if (displayPixels) // First thing to do at the falling edge of the clock
{
switch (videoMem16StepsAccessPatternIndex)
{
case 5:
displayRegister = displayLatch;
break;
case 13:
displayRegister = displayLatch;
break;
}
}
switch (videoMem16StepsAccessPatternIndex)
{
case 5:
MultiplexAttributeLatchWithBorderColor();
break;
case 13:
MultiplexAttributeLatchWithBorderColor();
break;
}
// --- Load two display and attribute bytes for 16 pixels from video memory ---
if (!generateBorder)
{
switch (videoMem16StepsAccessPatternIndex)
{
case 7:
ComputeVideoAddresses();
break;
case 8:
// display address -> address bus
VideoAddress.SetValue(displayAddress);
VideoMREQ = SignalState.LOW;
VideoRD = SignalState.LOW;
break;
case 9:
displayLatch = VideoData.SampleValue();
VideoRD = SignalState.HIGH;
VideoMREQ = SignalState.HIGH;
VideoAddress.ReleaseValue();
break;
case 10:
// attribute adress -> address bus
VideoAddress.SetValue(attributeAddress);
VideoMREQ = SignalState.LOW;
VideoRD = SignalState.LOW;
break;
case 11:
attributeLatch = VideoData.SampleValue();
VideoRD = SignalState.HIGH;
VideoMREQ = SignalState.HIGH;
VideoAddress.ReleaseValue();
ComputeVideoAddresses();
break;
case 12:
// display colum address -> address bus
VideoAddress.SetValue(displayAddress);
VideoMREQ = SignalState.LOW;
VideoRD = SignalState.LOW;
break;
case 13:
displayLatch = VideoData.SampleValue();
VideoRD = SignalState.HIGH;
VideoMREQ = SignalState.HIGH;
VideoAddress.ReleaseValue();
break;
case 14:
// attribute adress -> address bus
VideoAddress.SetValue(attributeAddress);
VideoMREQ = SignalState.LOW;
VideoRD = SignalState.LOW;
break;
case 15:
attributeLatch = VideoData.SampleValue();
VideoRD = SignalState.HIGH;
VideoMREQ = SignalState.HIGH;
VideoAddress.ReleaseValue();
break;
}
}
// --- For each pixel : Video output signals ---
// Generate horizontal and vertical synchronization signals
if (column == 320 /* Offset : because of the time necessary to read the first pixels in video memory, color output begins only 13 cycles after the master counter */ + 13)
{
HSync = SignalState.LOW;
}
else if (column == 416 /* Offset : because of the time necessary to read the first pixels in video memory, color output begins only 13 cycles after the master counter */ + 13)
{
HSync = SignalState.HIGH;
if (line == 247)
{
VSync = SignalState.LOW;
}
else if (line == 255)
{
VSync = SignalState.HIGH;
}
}
// Compute pixel color for video output
if (HSync == SignalState.LOW || VSync == SignalState.LOW)
{
// Blanking
ColorSignal.Level = 0;
}
else
{
MultiplexDisplayRegisterWithAttributeRegisterAndFlashClock();
}
// Debug notification
if (pendingExitException == null)
{
pendingExitException = NotifyLifecycleEvent(LifecycleEventType.ClockCycle);
}
// --- Increment master counters and prepare next iteration ---
// Shift display register bits
displayRegister = (byte)(displayRegister << 1);
column++;
if (column == 8)
{
if (!generateBorder)
{
displayPixels = true;
}
}
else if (column == 256)
{
generateBorder = true;
videoMemAccessTimeFrame = false;
}
else if (column == 264)
{
if (displayPixels)
{
displayPixels = false;
}
}
else if (column == 448)
{
column = 0;
line++;
// At each end of line send sound sample signal to the speaker
// => 7 Mhz pixel clock / 448 pixels per line = 15.6 Khz sound sampling frequency
SoundSampleCLK = SoundSampleCLK == SignalState.LOW ? SignalState.HIGH : SignalState.LOW;
if (line < 192)
{
generateBorder = false;
}
if (line == 312)
{
line = 0;
generateBorder = false;
frame++;
// Each 16 frames, invert flash clock
if (frame == 16)
{
frame = 0;
flashClock = !flashClock;
}
}
}
// Debug : if a breakpoint was hit, notify the pixel clock via a specific exception
if (pendingExitException != null)
{
throw pendingExitException;
}
}
