/// <summary>
        /// Set up expression tests by creating files for existence checks.
        /// </summary>
        public ExpressionTest(ITestOutputHelper output)
        {
            this.output = output;

            ItemDictionary <ProjectItemInstance> itemBag = new ItemDictionary <ProjectItemInstance>();

            // Dummy project instance to own the items.
            ProjectRootElement xml = ProjectRootElement.Create();

            xml.FullPath = @"c:\abc\foo.proj";

            ProjectInstance parentProject = new ProjectInstance(xml);

            itemBag.Add(new ProjectItemInstance(parentProject, "u", "a'b;c", parentProject.FullPath));
            itemBag.Add(new ProjectItemInstance(parentProject, "v", "a", parentProject.FullPath));
            itemBag.Add(new ProjectItemInstance(parentProject, "w", "1", parentProject.FullPath));
            itemBag.Add(new ProjectItemInstance(parentProject, "x", "true", parentProject.FullPath));
            itemBag.Add(new ProjectItemInstance(parentProject, "y", "xxx", parentProject.FullPath));
            itemBag.Add(new ProjectItemInstance(parentProject, "z", "xxx", parentProject.FullPath));
            itemBag.Add(new ProjectItemInstance(parentProject, "z", "yyy", parentProject.FullPath));

            PropertyDictionary <ProjectPropertyInstance> propertyBag = new PropertyDictionary <ProjectPropertyInstance>();

            propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("a", "no"));
            propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("b", "true"));
            propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("c", "1"));
            propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("d", "xxx"));
            propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("e", "xxx"));
            propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("f", "1.9.5"));
            propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("and", "and"));
            propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("a_semi_c", "a;c"));
            propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("a_apos_b", "a'b"));
            propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("foo_apos_foo", "foo'foo"));
            propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("a_escapedsemi_b", "a%3bb"));
            propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("a_escapedapos_b", "a%27b"));
            propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("has_trailing_slash", @"foo\"));

            Dictionary <string, string> metadataDictionary = new Dictionary <string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);

            metadataDictionary["Culture"] = "french";
            StringMetadataTable itemMetadata = new StringMetadataTable(metadataDictionary);

            _expander = new Expander <ProjectPropertyInstance, ProjectItemInstance>(propertyBag, itemBag, itemMetadata, FileSystems.Default);

            foreach (string file in FilesWithExistenceChecks)
            {
                using (StreamWriter sw = File.CreateText(file)) {; }
            }
        }
        public void EvaluateAVarietyOfExpressions()
        {
            string[] files = { "a", "a;b", "a'b", ";", "'" };

            try
            {
                foreach (string file in files)
                {
                    using (StreamWriter sw = File.CreateText(file)) {; }
                }

                Parser p = new Parser();
                GenericExpressionNode tree;

                ItemDictionary <ProjectItemInstance> itemBag = new ItemDictionary <ProjectItemInstance>();

                // Dummy project instance to own the items.
                ProjectRootElement xml = ProjectRootElement.Create();
                xml.FullPath = @"c:\abc\foo.proj";

                ProjectInstance parentProject = new ProjectInstance(xml);

                itemBag.Add(new ProjectItemInstance(parentProject, "u", "a'b;c", parentProject.FullPath));
                itemBag.Add(new ProjectItemInstance(parentProject, "v", "a", parentProject.FullPath));
                itemBag.Add(new ProjectItemInstance(parentProject, "w", "1", parentProject.FullPath));
                itemBag.Add(new ProjectItemInstance(parentProject, "x", "true", parentProject.FullPath));
                itemBag.Add(new ProjectItemInstance(parentProject, "y", "xxx", parentProject.FullPath));
                itemBag.Add(new ProjectItemInstance(parentProject, "z", "xxx", parentProject.FullPath));
                itemBag.Add(new ProjectItemInstance(parentProject, "z", "yyy", parentProject.FullPath));

                PropertyDictionary <ProjectPropertyInstance> propertyBag = new PropertyDictionary <ProjectPropertyInstance>();

                propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("a", "no"));
                propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("b", "true"));
                propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("c", "1"));
                propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("d", "xxx"));
                propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("e", "xxx"));
                propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("f", "1.9.5"));
                propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("and", "and"));
                propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("a_semi_b", "a;b"));
                propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("a_apos_b", "a'b"));
                propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("foo_apos_foo", "foo'foo"));
                propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("a_escapedsemi_b", "a%3bb"));
                propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("a_escapedapos_b", "a%27b"));
                propertyBag.Set(ProjectPropertyInstance.Create("has_trailing_slash", @"foo\"));

                Dictionary <string, string> metadataDictionary = new Dictionary <string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
                metadataDictionary["Culture"] = "french";
                StringMetadataTable itemMetadata = new StringMetadataTable(metadataDictionary);

                Expander <ProjectPropertyInstance, ProjectItemInstance> expander =
                    new Expander <ProjectPropertyInstance, ProjectItemInstance>(propertyBag, itemBag, itemMetadata);

                string[] trueTests =
                {
                    "true or (SHOULDNOTEVALTHIS)",                                // short circuit
                    "(true and false) or true",
                    "false or true or false",
                    "(true) and (true)",
                    "false or !false",
                    "($(a) or true)",
                    "('$(c)'==1 and (!false))",
                    "@(z -> '%(filename).z', '$')=='xxx.z$yyy.z'",
                    "@(w -> '%(definingprojectname).barproj') == 'foo.barproj'",
                    "false or (false or (false or (false or (false or (true)))))",
                    "!(true and false)",
                    "$(and)=='and'",
                    "0x1==1.0",
                    "0xa==10",
                    "0<0.1",
                    "+4>-4",
                    "'-$(c)'==-1",
                    "$(a)==faLse",
                    "$(a)==oFF",
                    "$(a)==no",
                    "$(a)!=true",
                    "$(b)== True",
                    "$(b)==on",
                    "$(b)==yes",
                    "$(b)!=1",
                    "$(c)==1",
                    "$(d)=='xxx'",
                    "$(d)==$(e)",
                    "$(d)=='$(e)'",
                    "@(y)==$(d)",
                    "'@(z)'=='xxx;yyy'",
                    "$(a)==$(a)",
                    "'1'=='1'",
                    "'1'==1",
                    "1\n==1",
                    "1\t==\t\r\n1",
                    "123=='0123.0'",
                    "123==123",
                    "123==0123",
                    "123==0123.0",
                    "123!=0123.01",
                    "1.2.3<=1.2.3.0",
                    "12.23.34==12.23.34",
                    "0.8.0.0<8.0.0",
                    "1.1.2>1.0.1.2",
                    "8.1>8.0.16.23",
                    "8.0.0>=8",
                    "6<=6.0.0.1",
                    "7>6.8.2",
                    "4<5.9.9135.4",
                    "3!=3.0.0",
                    "1.2.3.4.5.6.7==1.2.3.4.5.6.7",
                    "00==0",
                    "0==0.0",
                    "1\n\t==1",
                    "+4==4",
                    "44==+44.0 and -44==-44.0",
                    "false==no",
                    "true==yes",
                    "true==!false",
                    "yes!=no",
                    "false!=1",
                    "$(c)>0",
                    "!$(a)",
                    "$(b)",
                    "($(d)==$(e))",
                    "!true==false",
                    "a_a==a_a",
                    "a_a=='a_a'",
                    "_a== _a",
                    "@(y -> '%(filename)')=='xxx'",
                    "@(z -> '%(filename)', '!')=='xxx!yyy'",
                    "'xxx!yyy'==@(z -> '%(filename)', '!')",
                    "'$(a)'==(false)",
                    "('$(a)'==(false))",
                    "1>0",
                    "2<=2",
                    "2<=3",
                    "1>=1",
                    "1>=-1",
                    "-1==-1",
                    "-1  <  0",
                    "(1==1)and('a'=='a')",
                    "(true) and ($(a)==off)",
                    "(true) and ($(d)==xxx)",
                    "(false)     or($(d)==xxx)",
                    "!(false)and!(false)",
                    "'and'=='AND'",
                    "$(d)=='XxX'",
                    "true or true or false",
                    "false or true or !true or'1'",
                    "$(a) or $(b)",
                    "$(a) or true",
                    "!!true",
                    "'$(e)1@(y)'=='xxx1xxx'",
                    "0x11==17",
                    "0x01a==26",
                    "0xa==0x0A",
                    "@(x)",
                    "'%77'=='w'",
                    "'%zz'=='%zz'",
                    "true or 1",
                    "true==!false",
                    "(!(true))=='off'",
                    "@(w)>0",
                    "1<=@(w)",
                    "%(culture)=='FRENCH'",
                    "'%(culture) fries' == 'FRENCH FRIES' ",
                    @"'%(HintPath)' == ''",
                    @"%(HintPath) != 'c:\myassemblies\foo.dll'",
                    "exists('a')",
                    "exists(a)",
                    "exists('a%3bb')",                                            /* semicolon */
                    "exists('a%27b')",                                            /* apostrophe */
                    "exists($(a_escapedsemi_b))",
                    "exists('$(a_escapedsemi_b)')",
                    "exists($(a_escapedapos_b))",
                    "exists('$(a_escapedapos_b)')",
                    "exists($(a_apos_b))",
                    "exists('$(a_apos_b)')",
                    "exists(@(v))",
                    "exists('@(v)')",
                    "exists('%3b')",
                    "exists('%27')",
                    "exists('@(v);@(nonexistent)')",
                    @"HASTRAILINGSLASH('foo\')",
                    @"!HasTrailingSlash('foo')",
                    @"HasTrailingSlash('foo/')",
                    @"HasTrailingSlash($(has_trailing_slash))",
                    "'59264.59264' == '59264.59264'",
                    "1" + new String('0',                                            500) + "==" + "1" + new String('0', 500),      /* too big for double, eval as string */
                    "'1" + new String('0',                                         500) + "'=='" + "1" + new String('0', 500) + "'" /* too big for double, eval as string */
                };

                string[] falseTests =
                {
                    "false and SHOULDNOTEVALTHIS",                                 // short circuit
                    "$(a)!=no",
                    "$(b)==1.1",
                    "$(c)==$(a)",
                    "$(d)!=$(e)",
                    "!$(b)",
                    "false or false or false",
                    "false and !((true and false))",
                    "on and off",
                    "(true) and (false)",
                    "false or (false or (false or (false or (false or (false)))))",
                    "!$(b)and true",
                    "1==a",
                    "!($(d)==$(e))",
                    "$(a) and true",
                    "true==1",
                    "false==0",
                    "(!(true))=='x'",
                    "oops==false",
                    "oops==!false",
                    "%(culture) == 'english'",
                    "'%(culture) fries' == 'english fries' ",
                    @"'%(HintPath)' == 'c:\myassemblies\foo.dll'",
                    @"%(HintPath) == 'c:\myassemblies\foo.dll'",
                    "exists('')",
                    "exists(' ')",
                    "exists($(nonexistent))",                                      // DDB #141195
                    "exists('$(nonexistent)')",                                    // DDB #141195
                    "exists(@(nonexistent))",                                      // DDB #141195
                    "exists('@(nonexistent)')",                                    // DDB #141195
                    "exists('\t')",
                    "exists('@(u)')",
                    "exists('$(foo_apos_foo)')",
                    "!exists('a')",
                    "!!!exists(a)",
                    "exists('|||||')",
                    @"hastrailingslash('foo')",
                    @"hastrailingslash('')",
                    @"HasTrailingSlash($(nonexistent))",
                    "'59264.59264' == '59264.59265'",
                    "1.2.0==1.2",
                    "$(f)!=$(f)",
                    "1.3.5.8>1.3.6.8",
                    "0.8.0.0>=1.0",
                    "8.0.0<=8.0",
                    "8.1.2<8",
                    "1" + new String('0',                      500) + "==2",            /* too big for double, eval as string */
                    "'1" + new String('0',                  500) + "'=='2'",            /* too big for double, eval as string */
                    "'1" + new String('0', 500) + "'=='01" + new String('0', 500) + "'" /* too big for double, eval as string */
                };

                string[] errorTests =
                {
                    "$",
                    "$(",
                    "$()",
                    "@",
                    "@(",
                    "@()",
                    "%",
                    "%(",
                    "%()",
                    "exists",
                    "exists(",
                    "exists()",
                    "exists( )",
                    "exists(,)",
                    "@(x->'",
                    "@(x->''",
                    "@(x-",
                    "@(x->'x','",
                    "@(x->'x',''",
                    "@(x->'x','')",
                    "-1>x",
                    "%00",
                    "\n",
                    "\t",
                    "+-1==1",
                    "1==-+1",
                    "1==+0xa",
                    "!$(c)",
                    "'a'==('a'=='a')",
                    "'a'!=('a'=='a')",
                    "('a'=='a')!=a",
                    "('a'=='a')==a",
                    "!'x'",
                    "!'$(d)'",
                    "ab#==ab#",
                    "#!=#",
                    "$(d)$(e)=='xxxxxx'",
                    "1=1=1",
                    "'a'=='a'=='a'",
                    "1 > 'x'",
                    "x1<=1",
                    "1<=x",
                    "1>x",
                    "x<x",
                    "@(x)<x",
                    "x>x",
                    "x>=x",
                    "x<=x",
                    "x>1",
                    "x>=1",
                    "1>=x",
                    "@(y)<=1",
                    "1<=@(z)",
                    "1>$(d)",
                    "$(c)@(y)>1",
                    "'$(c)@(y)'>1",
                    "$(d)>=1",
                    "1>=$(b)",
                    "1> =0",
                    "or true",
                    "1 and",
                    "and",
                    "or",
                    "not",
                    "not true",
                    "()",
                    "(a)",
                    "!",
                    "or=or",
                    "1==",
                    "1= =1",
                    "=",
                    "'true",
                    "'false''",
                    "'a'=='a",
                    "('a'=='a'",
                    "('a'=='a'))",
                    "'a'=='a')",
                    "!and",
                    "@(a)@(x)!=1",
                    "@(a) @(x)!=1",
                    "$(a==off",
                    "=='x'",
                    "==",
                    "!0",
                    ">",
                    "true!=false==",
                    "true!=false==true",
                    "()",
                    "!1",
                    "1==(2",
                    "$(a)==x>1==2",
                    "'a'>'a'",
                    "0",
                    "$(a)>0",
                    "!$(e)",
                    "1<=1<=1",
                    "true $(and) true",
                    "--1==1",
                    "$(and)==and",
                    "!@#$%^&*",
                    "-($(c))==-1",
                    "a==b or $(d)",
                    "false or $()",
                    "$(d) or true",
                    "%(Culture) or true",
                    "@(nonexistent) and true",
                    "$(nonexistent) and true",
                    "@(nonexistent)",
                    "$(nonexistent)",
                    "@(z) and true",
                    "@() and true",
                    "@()",
                    "$()",
                    "1",
                    "1 or true",
                    "false or 1",
                    "1 and true",
                    "true and 1",
                    "!1",
                    "false or !1",
                    "false or 'aa'",
                    "true blah",
                    "existsX",
                    "!",
                    "nonexistentfunction('xyz')",
                    "exists('a;b')", /* non scalar */
                    "exists(@(z))",
                    "exists('@(z)')",
                    "exists($(a_semi_b))",
                    "exists('$(a_semi_b)')",
                    "exists(@(v)x)",
                    "exists(@(v)$(nonexistent))",
                    "exists('@(v)$(a)')",
                    "exists(|||||)",
                    "HasTrailingSlash(a,'b')",
                    "HasTrailingSlash(,,)",
                    "1.2.3==1,2,3"
                };

                for (int i = 0; i < trueTests.GetLength(0); i++)
                {
                    tree = p.Parse(trueTests[i], ParserOptions.AllowAll, ElementLocation.EmptyLocation);
                    ConditionEvaluator.IConditionEvaluationState state =
                        new ConditionEvaluator.ConditionEvaluationState <ProjectPropertyInstance, ProjectItemInstance>
                        (
                            trueTests[i],
                            expander,
                            ExpanderOptions.ExpandAll,
                            null,
                            Environment.CurrentDirectory,
                            ElementLocation.EmptyLocation
                        );

                    Assert.IsTrue(tree.Evaluate(state), "expected true from '" + trueTests[i] + "'");
                }

                for (int i = 0; i < falseTests.GetLength(0); i++)
                {
                    tree = p.Parse(falseTests[i], ParserOptions.AllowAll, ElementLocation.EmptyLocation);
                    ConditionEvaluator.IConditionEvaluationState state =
                        new ConditionEvaluator.ConditionEvaluationState <ProjectPropertyInstance, ProjectItemInstance>
                        (
                            falseTests[i],
                            expander,
                            ExpanderOptions.ExpandAll,
                            null,
                            Environment.CurrentDirectory,
                            ElementLocation.EmptyLocation
                        );

                    Assert.IsFalse(tree.Evaluate(state), "expected false from '" + falseTests[i] + "' and got true");
                }

                for (int i = 0; i < errorTests.GetLength(0); i++)
                {
                    // It seems that if an expression is invalid,
                    //      - Parse may throw, or
                    //      - Evaluate may throw, or
                    //      - Evaluate may return false causing its caller EvaluateCondition to throw
                    bool success         = true;
                    bool caughtException = false;
                    bool value;
                    try
                    {
                        tree = p.Parse(errorTests[i], ParserOptions.AllowAll, ElementLocation.EmptyLocation);
                        ConditionEvaluator.IConditionEvaluationState state =
                            new ConditionEvaluator.ConditionEvaluationState <ProjectPropertyInstance, ProjectItemInstance>
                            (
                                errorTests[i],
                                expander,
                                ExpanderOptions.ExpandAll,
                                null,
                                Environment.CurrentDirectory,
                                ElementLocation.EmptyLocation
                            );

                        value = tree.Evaluate(state);
                        if (!success)
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine(errorTests[i] + " caused Evaluate to return false");
                        }
                    }
                    catch (InvalidProjectFileException ex)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(errorTests[i] + " caused '" + ex.Message + "'");
                        caughtException = true;
                    }
                    Assert.IsTrue((success == false || caughtException == true), "expected '" + errorTests[i] + "' to not parse or not be evaluated");
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                foreach (string file in files)
                {
                    if (File.Exists(file))
                    {
                        File.Delete(file);
                    }
                }
            }
        }