private async Task ReloadTrainingDataHighAvailabilityAsync(bool finalize, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            using (var trainingDataUpgradeableLock = await m_trainingDataLockAsync.EnterUpgradeableReadLockAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
            {
                Logging.Log.Info("Reloading training data and retraining rec sources. Rec sources will remain available.");
                Logging.Log.InfoFormat("Memory use: {0} bytes", GC.GetTotalMemory(forceFullCollection: false));

                Stopwatch totalTimer = Stopwatch.StartNew();

                // Load new training data
                MalTrainingData                 newData;
                IDictionary <int, string>       newUsernames;
                IDictionary <int, IList <int> > newPrereqs;
                using (IMalTrainingDataLoader malTrainingDataLoader = m_trainingDataLoaderFactory.GetTrainingDataLoader())
                    using (CancellationTokenSource faultCanceler = new CancellationTokenSource())
                        using (CancellationTokenSource faultOrUserCancel = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(cancellationToken, faultCanceler.Token))
                        {
                            Stopwatch trainingDataTimer = Stopwatch.StartNew();

                            CancellableTask <MalTrainingData> trainingDataTask = new CancellableTask <MalTrainingData>(
                                malTrainingDataLoader.LoadMalTrainingDataAsync(faultOrUserCancel.Token), faultCanceler);

                            Task trainingDataTimerTask = trainingDataTask.Task.ContinueWith(task =>
                            {
                                trainingDataTimer.Stop();
                                Logging.Log.InfoFormat("Training data loaded. {0} users, {1} animes, {2} entries. Took {3}.",
                                                       task.Result.Users.Count, task.Result.Animes.Count,
                                                       task.Result.Users.Keys.Sum(userId => task.Result.Users[userId].Entries.Count),
                                                       trainingDataTimer.Elapsed);
                            },
                                                                                            cancellationToken, TaskContinuationOptions.ExecuteSynchronously | TaskContinuationOptions.NotOnCanceled
                                                                                            | TaskContinuationOptions.NotOnFaulted, TaskScheduler.Current);

                            Stopwatch prereqsTimer = Stopwatch.StartNew();

                            CancellableTask <IDictionary <int, IList <int> > > prereqsTask = new CancellableTask <IDictionary <int, IList <int> > >(
                                malTrainingDataLoader.LoadPrerequisitesAsync(faultOrUserCancel.Token), faultCanceler);

                            Task prereqsTimerTask = prereqsTask.Task.ContinueWith(task =>
                            {
                                prereqsTimer.Stop();
                                int numPrereqs = task.Result.Values.Sum(prereqList => prereqList.Count);
                                Logging.Log.InfoFormat("Prerequisites loaded. {0} prerequisites for {1} animes. Took {2}.",
                                                       numPrereqs, task.Result.Count, prereqsTimer.Elapsed);
                            },
                                                                                  cancellationToken, TaskContinuationOptions.ExecuteSynchronously | TaskContinuationOptions.NotOnCanceled
                                                                                  | TaskContinuationOptions.NotOnFaulted, TaskScheduler.Current);

                            await AsyncUtils.WhenAllCancelOnFirstExceptionDontWaitForCancellations(trainingDataTask, prereqsTask);

                            newData      = trainingDataTask.Task.Result;
                            newUsernames = GetUsernamesFromTrainingData(newData);

                            newPrereqs = prereqsTask.Task.Result;

                            await trainingDataTimerTask.ConfigureAwait(false);

                            await prereqsTimerTask.ConfigureAwait(false);
                        }

                GC.Collect();
                Logging.Log.InfoFormat("Memory use: {0} bytes", GC.GetTotalMemory(forceFullCollection: false));

                using (var recSourcesUpgradeableLock = await m_recSourcesLockAsync.EnterUpgradeableReadLockAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
                {
                    // clone the json rec sources without the training state and train each one with the new data.
                    Dictionary <string, ITrainableJsonRecSource>         newRecSources         = new Dictionary <string, ITrainableJsonRecSource>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
                    Dictionary <string, Func <ITrainableJsonRecSource> > newRecSourceFactories = new Dictionary <string, Func <ITrainableJsonRecSource> >(m_recSourceFactories, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);

                    if (m_recSourceFactories.Count == 0)
                    {
                        Logging.Log.Info("No rec sources to retrain.");
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Logging.Log.Info("Retraining rec sources.");

                        object newRecSourcesLockAndMemFence = new object();

                        List <Task> recSourceTrainTasksList = new List <Task>();

                        // ToList() so we can unload a rec source as we iterate if it errors while training.
                        foreach (string recSourceNameLoopVar in m_recSourceFactories.Keys.ToList())
                        {
                            string recSourceName = recSourceNameLoopVar; // avoid capturing the loop var
                            ITrainableJsonRecSource recSource = newRecSourceFactories[recSourceName]();

                            Task recSourceTrainTask = Task.Run(() =>
                            {
                                Logging.Log.InfoFormat("Retraining rec source {0} ({1}).", recSourceName, recSource);
                                Stopwatch trainTimer = Stopwatch.StartNew();

                                try
                                {
                                    recSource.Train(newData, newUsernames, cancellationToken);
                                    trainTimer.Stop();
                                    Logging.Log.InfoFormat("Trained rec source {0} ({1}). Took {2}.", recSourceName, recSource, trainTimer.Elapsed);
                                    lock (newRecSourcesLockAndMemFence)
                                    {
                                        newRecSources[recSourceName] = recSource;
                                    }
                                }
                                catch (OperationCanceledException)
                                {
                                    Logging.Log.InfoFormat("Canceled while retraining rec source {0} ({1}).", recSourceName, recSource);
                                    throw;
                                }
                                catch (Exception ex)
                                {
                                    Logging.Log.ErrorFormat("Error retraining rec source {0} ({1}): {2} Unloading it.",
                                                            ex, recSourceName, recSource, ex.Message);

                                    lock (newRecSourcesLockAndMemFence)
                                    {
                                        newRecSourceFactories.Remove(recSourceName);
                                    }
                                }
                            }, cancellationToken);

                            recSourceTrainTasksList.Add(recSourceTrainTask);
                        }

                        // Wait for all to complete or cancellation. There should not be any exceptions other than OperationCanceledException.
                        await Task.WhenAll(recSourceTrainTasksList);

                        lock (newRecSourcesLockAndMemFence)
                        {
                            ; // just for the fence
                        }
                    }

                    // Swap in the newly trained rec sources.
                    using (var trainingDataWriteLock = await m_trainingDataLockAsync.UpgradeToWriteLock(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
                        using (var recSourcesWriteLock = await m_recSourcesLockAsync.UpgradeToWriteLock(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
                        {
                            m_recSources         = newRecSources;
                            m_recSourceFactories = newRecSourceFactories;

                            m_animes  = newData.Animes;
                            m_prereqs = newPrereqs;

                            if (finalize)
                            {
                                m_trainingData = null;
                                m_usernames    = null;
                                m_finalized    = true;
                                Logging.Log.Info("Finalized rec sources.");
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                m_trainingData = newData;
                                m_usernames    = newUsernames;
                                m_finalized    = false;
                            }
                        }
                }

                totalTimer.Stop();
                Logging.Log.InfoFormat("All rec sources retrained with the latest data. Total time: {0}", totalTimer.Elapsed);
            }

            GC.Collect();
            Logging.Log.InfoFormat("Memory use: {0} bytes", GC.GetTotalMemory(forceFullCollection: false));
        }
        public async Task LoadRecSourceAsync(Func <ITrainableJsonRecSource> recSourceFactory, string name, bool replaceExisting, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            // Acquire read lock on current list, write lock on pending list
            // If name already exists on current list and replaceExisting = false, throw.
            // If name already exists on pending list, throw.
            // Otherwise, add name to pending list, release locks, and proceed.

            using (var recSourcesReadLock = await m_recSourcesLockAsync.EnterReadLockAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
                using (var pendingRecSourcesWriteLock = await m_pendingRecSourcesLockAsync.EnterWriteLockAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
                {
                    if (m_recSources.ContainsKey(name) && !replaceExisting)
                    {
                        throw new RecServiceErrorException(new Error(errorCode: ErrorCodes.Unknown,
                                                                     message: string.Format("A recommendation source with the name \"{0}\" already exists.", name)));
                    }
                    if (m_pendingRecSources.Contains(name))
                    {
                        throw new RecServiceErrorException(new Error(errorCode: ErrorCodes.Unknown,
                                                                     message: string.Format("A recommendation source with the name \"{0}\" is currently being trained.", name)));
                    }

                    m_pendingRecSources.Add(name);
                }

            try
            {
                // Need to hold read lock on training data while training so that a retrain can't happen while we're training here.
                // Rec sources must be trained with the current m_trainingData, not an old version.
                using (var trainingDataReadLock = await m_trainingDataLockAsync.EnterReadLockAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
                {
                    if (m_trainingData == null && !m_finalized)
                    {
                        throw new RecServiceErrorException(new Error(errorCode: ErrorCodes.NoTrainingData,
                                                                     message: "A reload/retrain in low memory mode failed, leaving the rec service without training data or rec sources. Issue a ReloadTrainingData command to load training data, then load rec sources."));
                    }
                    else if (m_trainingData == null && m_finalized)
                    {
                        throw new RecServiceErrorException(new Error(errorCode: ErrorCodes.Finalized,
                                                                     message: "Rec sources have been finalized. A non-finalized retrain must be invoked to be able to add rec sources."));
                    }

                    ITrainableJsonRecSource recSource = recSourceFactory();
                    Logging.Log.InfoFormat("Training rec source with name \"{0}\", replaceExisting={1}: {2}", name, replaceExisting, recSource);
                    Stopwatch timer = Stopwatch.StartNew();

                    recSource.Train(m_trainingData, m_usernames, cancellationToken);
                    timer.Stop();
                    Logging.Log.InfoFormat("Trained rec source {0}. Took {1}", name, timer.Elapsed);

                    using (var recSourcesWriteLock = await m_recSourcesLockAsync.EnterWriteLockAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
                        using (var pendingRecSourcesWriteLock = await m_pendingRecSourcesLockAsync.EnterWriteLockAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
                        {
                            m_recSources[name]         = recSource;
                            m_recSourceFactories[name] = recSourceFactory;
                            m_pendingRecSources.Remove(name);
                        }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                m_pendingRecSources.Remove(name);
                throw;
            }

            Logging.Log.InfoFormat("Loaded rec source {0}.", name);
            GC.Collect();
            Logging.Log.InfoFormat("Memory use: {0} bytes", GC.GetTotalMemory(forceFullCollection: false));
        }