/// <summary>
/// Merges two 32-bit signed numbers.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="n">The value to update.</param>
/// <param name="m">The value containing the bits to 'merge' into n.</param>
/// <param name="i">The least significant bit in n to 'merge' m into.</param>
/// <param name="j">The most significant bit in n to 'merge' m into.</param>
/// <returns>The updated signed integer.</returns>
public static int UpdateBits(int n, int m, int i, int j)
{
// Determine the max index.
var indexmax = (sizeof(int) * 8) - 1;
// Error checking.
if (i < 0 || i > indexmax)
{
throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid i: {i}");
}
if (j < 0 || j > indexmax)
{
throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid j: {j}");
}
if (i > j)
{
throw new ArgumentException($"i cannot be greater than j. i: {i}, j: {j}");
}
// Build a mask to clear the appropriate bits in n.
int mask = ~BitManipulationCreateSimpleMask1Complete.CreateSimpleMask(j, i);
// Clear the appropriate bits in n.
var cleared = n & mask;
// Shift the bits to line up the values.
var shifted = m << i;
// Return result.
return(cleared | shifted);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets and returns the next highest number that matches the bit count
/// of the passed in value.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="num">The value.</param>
/// <returns>The next highest number or -1 if no matching number.</returns>
public static int GetNext(int num)
{
// Error check.
if (num < 0)
{
throw new ArgumentException("A positive number must be specified.");
}
// Initialize temp value.
var current = num;
// First determine the count of 0's in the right-most bits.
// Continue while the bit in the 0 position is 0 and there
// are non-zero bits left.
var count0 = 0;
while (((current & 1) == 0) && current != 0)
{
count0++;
// Note: Shift in 0's.
current = (int)((uint)current >> 1);
}
// Note that 'current' is reused in the next loop starting
// with it's value at the end of this loop.
// Determine the count of 1's in the right-most bits starting
// after any 0's (found in the above loop).
var count1 = 0;
while ((current & 1) == 1)
{
count1++;
// Note: Shift in 0's.
current = (int)((uint)current >> 1);
}
// Error Check
//
// Either:
// All zeros - count0 + count1 = 0
//
// All 1's except the sign bit - count0 + count1 = 31 (Sign bit can't be changed).
//
// All 1's in the left-most bits (except the sign bit) (Sign bit can't be changed)
// , all 0's int the right-most bits.
// (i.e.)
// 01..1100..00
// count0 + count1 = 31
//
// Note that count1 + count2 = 32 would only be possible for negative #'s because the
// sign bit would be 1.
if ((count0 + count1 == 31) || (count0 + count1 == 0))
{
return(-1);
}
// Determine posSet & set this bit.
var posSet = count0 + count1;
num = BitManipulationGetSetClearBit1Complete.SetClearBit(num, posSet);
// Clear all bits to the right of p.
var maskClear = BitManipulationCreateSimpleMask1Complete.CreateSimpleMask(31, posSet);
num &= maskClear;
// Determine the # of bits to set to make the #'s match again, note that we reduce
// this by 1 because we set one bit.
var bitsToSetCount = count1 - 1;
// If there are bits to set, set them.
// Note that if 0, we found just 1 set bit, when we cleared the bit this was
// accounted for.
if (bitsToSetCount > 0)
{
var maskSet = BitManipulationCreateSimpleMask1Complete.CreateSimpleMask(bitsToSetCount - 1, 0);
num |= maskSet;
}
// Done.
return(num);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets and returns the next lowest number that matches the bit count
/// of the passed in value.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="num">The value.</param>
/// <returns>The next lowest number or -1 if no matching number.</returns>
public static int GetPrev(int num)
{
// Error check.
if (num < 0)
{
throw new ArgumentException("A positive number must be specified.");
}
// Initialize temp value.
var current = num;
// First determine the count of 1's in the right-most bits.
var count1 = 0;
while ((current & 1) == 1)
{
count1++;
// Note: Shift in 0's.
current = (int)((uint)current >> 1);
}
// Determine the count of 0's in the right-most bits starting
// after any 1's (found in the above loop).
// Continue while the bit in the 0 position is 1 and there
// are non-zero bits left.
var count0 = 0;
while (((current & 1) == 0) && current != 0)
{
count0++;
// Note: Shift in 0's.
current = (int)((uint)current >> 1);
}
// Note that 'current' is reused in the next loop starting
// with it's value at the end of this loop.
// Error Check
//
// All 1's in the left-most bits, all 0's in the right most bits. (i.e.)
// 0..1
// current == 0;
if (current == 0)
{
return(-1);
}
// Determine posSet & clear this bit.
var posClear = count0 + count1;
num = BitManipulationGetSetClearBit1Complete.SetClearBit(num, posClear, false);
// Clear all bits to the right of posClear.
var maskClear = BitManipulationCreateSimpleMask1Complete.CreateSimpleMask(31, posClear);
num &= maskClear;
// Determine the # of bits to set to make the #'s match again, note that we increment
// this by 1 because we cleared one bit.
var bitsToSetCount = count1 + 1;
// If there are bits to set, set them.
// Note that if 0, we found just 1 set bit, when we cleared the bit this was
// accounted for.
if (bitsToSetCount > 0)
{
var maskSet = BitManipulationCreateSimpleMask1Complete.CreateSimpleMask(posClear - 1, posClear - 1 - bitsToSetCount + 1);
num |= maskSet;
}
// Done.
return(num);
}