/// <summary>
/// Exports the current header to a 1024 byte array
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// This will not validate the disk or update the header.
/// Use <see cref="Validate"/> and <see cref="ComputeChecksum"/> before exporting
/// </remarks>
/// <returns>Raw header data</returns>
public byte[] Export()
{
using (var MS = new MemoryStream())
{
using (var BW = new BinaryWriter(MS))
{
BW.Write(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(Cookie));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork(DataOffset));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork(TableOffset));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork((ushort)HeaderVersion.Major));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork((ushort)HeaderVersion.Minor));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork(MaxTableEntries));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork(BlockSize));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork(Checksum));
BW.Write(ParentUniqueId.ToByteArray());
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork((uint)VHD.ToDiskTimestamp(ParentTimeStamp)));
BW.Write(Reserved1);
BW.Write(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(ParentUnicodeName));
foreach (var E in ParentLocatorEntries)
{
BW.Write(E.Export());
}
BW.Write(Reserved2);
BW.Flush();
return(MS.ToArray());
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Reads a stream into a VHD header
/// </summary>
/// <param name="S">Stream</param>
private void FromStream(Stream S)
{
Encoding E = Encoding.Default;
//The comments indicate the offset from the header start
using (var BR = new BinaryReader(S, E, true))
{
//0
Cookie = E.GetString(BR.ReadBytes(8));
//8
Features = (VhdFeatures)Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt32());
//12
FileFormatVersion = new Version(Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt16()), Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt16()));
//16
DataOffset = Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt64());
//24
TimeStamp = VHD.FromDiskTimestamp(Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadInt32()));
//28
CreatorApplication = E.GetString(BR.ReadBytes(4));
//32
CreatorVersion = new Version(Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt16()), Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt16()));
//36
CreatorHostOS = E.GetString(BR.ReadBytes(4));
//40
OriginalSize = Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt64());
//48
CurrentSize = Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt64());
//56
DiskGeometry = new CHS(
Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt16()),
BR.ReadByte(),
BR.ReadByte()
);
//60
DiskType = (VhdType)Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt32());
//64
Checksum = Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadInt32());
//68
DiskId = new Guid(BR.ReadBytes(16));
//84
SavedState = BR.ReadByte() == 1;
//85
Reserved = BR.ReadBytes(RESERVED_FIELD_SIZE);
//512
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Reads a stream into a VHD header
/// </summary>
/// <param name="S">Stream</param>
private void FromStream(Stream S)
{
Encoding E = Encoding.Default;
//The comments indicate the offset from the header start
using (var BR = new BinaryReader(S, E, true))
{
//0
Cookie = E.GetString(BR.ReadBytes(8));
//8
DataOffset = Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt64());
//16
TableOffset = Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt64());
//24
HeaderVersion = new Version(Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt16()), Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt16()));
//28
MaxTableEntries = Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt32());
//32
BlockSize = Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt32());
//36
Checksum = Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadInt32());
//40
ParentUniqueId = new Guid(BR.ReadBytes(16));
//56
ParentTimeStamp = VHD.FromDiskTimestamp(Tools.ToNetwork(BR.ReadUInt32()));
//60
Reserved1 = BR.ReadBytes(RESERVED1_FIELD_SIZE);
//64
ParentUnicodeName = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(BR.ReadBytes(UNICODE_PARENT_LENGTH));
//576
ParentLocatorEntries = Enumerable
.Range(0, LOCATOR_ENTRY_COUNT)
.Select(m => new LocatorEntry(BR.ReadBytes(LocatorEntry.ENTRY_SIZE)))
.ToArray();
//768
Reserved2 = BR.ReadBytes(RESERVED2_FIELD_SIZE);
//1024
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Exports the current header to a 512 byte array
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// This will not validate the disk or update the header.
/// Use <see cref="Validate"/> and <see cref="ComputeChecksum"/> before exporting
/// </remarks>
/// <returns>Raw header data</returns>
public byte[] Export()
{
using (var MS = new MemoryStream())
{
using (var BW = new BinaryWriter(MS))
{
BW.Write(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(Cookie));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork((uint)Features));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork((ushort)FileFormatVersion.Major));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork((ushort)FileFormatVersion.Minor));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork(DataOffset));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork((int)VHD.ToDiskTimestamp(TimeStamp)));
BW.Write(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(CreatorApplication));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork((ushort)CreatorVersion.Major));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork((ushort)CreatorVersion.Minor));
BW.Write(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(CreatorHostOS));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork(OriginalSize));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork(CurrentSize));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork((ushort)DiskGeometry.Cylinders));
BW.Write((byte)DiskGeometry.Heads);
BW.Write((byte)DiskGeometry.SectorsPerTrack);
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork((uint)DiskType));
BW.Write(Tools.ToNetwork(Checksum));
BW.Write(DiskId.ToByteArray());
BW.Write((byte)(SavedState ? 1 : 0));
BW.Write(Reserved);
BW.Flush();
return(MS.ToArray());
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Validates the header and throws an exception if it's invalid
/// </summary>
public void Validate()
{
var E = Encoding.Default;
if (Cookie == null || E.GetBytes(Cookie).Length != 8)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(Cookie), "Must be an 8 byte (ANSI) string");
}
if (DataOffset != DEFAULT_DATA_OFFSET)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(DataOffset), $"Is currently unused and must be set to {DEFAULT_DATA_OFFSET}");
}
if (TableOffset < HEADER_LENGTH + Footer.HEADER_LENGTH)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(TableOffset), $"Can't be less than the footer size plus the dynamic header size");
}
if (HeaderVersion == null)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(HeaderVersion), "Must be defined");
}
if (HeaderVersion.Major < ushort.MinValue || HeaderVersion.Minor < ushort.MinValue || HeaderVersion.Major > ushort.MaxValue || HeaderVersion.Minor > ushort.MaxValue)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(HeaderVersion), $"Major and minor must range from {ushort.MinValue}-{ushort.MaxValue}");
}
if (MaxTableEntries == 0)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(MaxTableEntries), "Can't be zero. It should be equal to the number of blocks in the disk");
}
if (BlockSize == 0)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(BlockSize), "Can't be zero.");
}
if (BlockSize % 512 != 0)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(BlockSize), "Must be a multiple of 512");
}
if (VHD.ToDiskTimestamp(ParentTimeStamp) < int.MinValue || VHD.ToDiskTimestamp(ParentTimeStamp) > int.MaxValue)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(ParentTimeStamp), $"Must be at most {int.MinValue} - {int.MaxValue} seconds away from 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC");
}
if (Reserved1 == null || Reserved1.Length != RESERVED1_FIELD_SIZE || Reserved1.Any(m => m > 0))
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(Reserved1), $"Must be {RESERVED1_FIELD_SIZE} nullbytes");
}
if (Checksum != ComputeChecksum())
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(Checksum), $"Wrong checksum. Expected: {ComputeChecksum()}");
}
if (ParentUnicodeName == null || Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(ParentUnicodeName).Length != UNICODE_PARENT_LENGTH)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(ParentUnicodeName), $"Must be a {UNICODE_PARENT_LENGTH} byte UTF-16 string. Pad with nullbytes as needed");
}
if (ParentLocatorEntries == null || ParentLocatorEntries.Length != LOCATOR_ENTRY_COUNT)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(ParentLocatorEntries), $"Must contain {LOCATOR_ENTRY_COUNT} entries");
}
for (var i = 0; i < LOCATOR_ENTRY_COUNT; i++)
{
try
{
ParentLocatorEntries[i].Validate();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(ParentLocatorEntries), $"Element at index {i} failed to validate. See inner exception for details.", ex);
}
}
if (Reserved2 == null || Reserved2.Length != RESERVED2_FIELD_SIZE || Reserved2.Any(m => m > 0))
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(Reserved2), $"Must be {RESERVED2_FIELD_SIZE} nullbytes");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Validates the header and throws an exception if it's invalid
/// </summary>
public void Validate()
{
var E = Encoding.Default;
if (Cookie == null || E.GetBytes(Cookie).Length != 8)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(Cookie), "Must be an 8 byte (ANSI) string");
}
if (!Enum.IsDefined(typeof(VhdFeatures), Features))
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(Features), "Must be one or a combination of the defined enum values");
}
if (!Features.HasFlag(VhdFeatures.Reserved))
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(Features), $"Must have '{nameof(VhdFeatures.Reserved)}' flag set");
}
if ((int)Features >= ((int)VhdFeatures.Reserved << 1))
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(Features), "Must have undefined bits set to zero");
}
if (FileFormatVersion == null)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(FileFormatVersion), "Must be defined");
}
if (!Tools.InRange(ushort.MinValue, FileFormatVersion.Major, ushort.MaxValue))
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(FileFormatVersion) + "." + nameof(Version.Major), $"Must be in the range of {ushort.MinValue}-{ushort.MaxValue}");
}
if (!Tools.InRange(ushort.MinValue, FileFormatVersion.Major, ushort.MaxValue))
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(FileFormatVersion) + "." + nameof(Version.Minor), $"Must be in the range of {ushort.MinValue}-{ushort.MaxValue}");
}
if (DiskType == VhdType.FixedDisk && DataOffset != OFFSET_NONE)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(DataOffset), $"Must be set to ({nameof(OFFSET_NONE)}){OFFSET_NONE} for a fixed vhd type");
}
if (VHD.ToDiskTimestamp(TimeStamp) < int.MinValue || VHD.ToDiskTimestamp(TimeStamp) > int.MaxValue)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(TimeStamp), $"Must be at most {int.MinValue}-{int.MaxValue} seconds away from 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC");
}
if (CreatorApplication == null || E.GetBytes(CreatorApplication).Length != 4)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(CreatorApplication), "Must be a 4 byte (ANSI) string");
}
if (CreatorVersion == null)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(CreatorVersion), "Must be defined");
}
if (!Tools.InRange(ushort.MinValue, CreatorVersion.Major, ushort.MaxValue))
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(CreatorVersion) + nameof(Version.Major), $"Must be in the range of {ushort.MinValue}-{ushort.MaxValue}");
}
if (!Tools.InRange(ushort.MinValue, CreatorVersion.Minor, ushort.MaxValue))
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(CreatorVersion) + nameof(Version.Minor), $"Must be in the range of {ushort.MinValue}-{ushort.MaxValue}");
}
if (CreatorHostOS == null || E.GetBytes(CreatorHostOS).Length != 4)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(CreatorHostOS), "Is not a 4 byte (ANSI) string");
}
if (OriginalSize == 0)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(OriginalSize), "Can't be zero");
}
if (CurrentSize == 0)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(CurrentSize), $"Can't be zero");
}
if (CurrentSize % 512 != 0)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(CurrentSize), "Must be a multiple of 512");
}
if (DiskGeometry == null)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(DiskGeometry), "Is not defined");
}
if (DiskGeometry.Cylinders < 1 || DiskGeometry.Cylinders > CHS.MAX_CYLINDERS)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(DiskGeometry) + nameof(CHS.Cylinders), $"Must be in the range of 1-{CHS.MAX_CYLINDERS}");
}
if (DiskGeometry.Heads < 1 || DiskGeometry.Heads > CHS.MAX_HEADS)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(DiskGeometry) + nameof(CHS.Heads), $"Must be in the range of 1-{CHS.MAX_HEADS}");
}
if (DiskGeometry.SectorsPerTrack < 1 || DiskGeometry.SectorsPerTrack > CHS.MAX_SECTORS_PER_TRACK)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(DiskGeometry) + nameof(CHS.SectorsPerTrack), $"Must be in the range of 1-{CHS.MAX_SECTORS_PER_TRACK}");
}
if (!DiskGeometry.Equals(new CHS(CurrentSize)))
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(DiskGeometry), $"Does not matches {nameof(CurrentSize)}");
}
if (!Enum.IsDefined(typeof(VhdType), DiskType))
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(DiskType), "Not one of the defined enum values");
}
if (Checksum != ComputeChecksum())
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(Checksum), $"Wrong checksum. Expected: {ComputeChecksum()}");
}
if (DiskId == Guid.Empty)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(DiskId), "Is invalid (All zeros)");
}
if (Reserved == null || Reserved.Length != RESERVED_FIELD_SIZE)
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(Reserved), $"Must be {RESERVED_FIELD_SIZE} bytes long");
}
if (Reserved.Any(m => m != 0))
{
throw new ValidationException(nameof(Reserved), "Must be made up of nullbytes only");
}
}