public override Task FlushAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken) => Task.CompletedTask; // no buffering = nothing to flush

        private unsafe int ReadSpan(Span <byte> destination)
        {
            if (!CanRead)
            {
                ThrowHelper.ThrowNotSupportedException_UnreadableStream();
            }

            Debug.Assert(!_fileHandle.IsClosed, "!_handle.IsClosed");

            // Make sure we are reading from the right spot
            VerifyOSHandlePosition();

            int r = FileStreamHelpers.ReadFileNative(_fileHandle, destination, null, out int errorCode);

            if (r == -1)
            {
                // For pipes, ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE is the normal end of the pipe.
                if (errorCode == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE)
                {
                    r = 0;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (errorCode == ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER)
                    {
                        throw new ArgumentException(SR.Arg_HandleNotSync, "_fileHandle");
                    }

                    throw Win32Marshal.GetExceptionForWin32Error(errorCode, _path);
                }
            }
            Debug.Assert(r >= 0, "FileStream's ReadNative is likely broken.");
            _filePosition += r;

            return(r);
        }
        private unsafe Task <int> ReadAsyncInternal(Memory <byte> destination, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
        {
            if (!CanRead)
            {
                ThrowHelper.ThrowNotSupportedException_UnreadableStream();
            }

            Debug.Assert(!_fileHandle.IsClosed, "!_handle.IsClosed");

            // Create and store async stream class library specific data in the async result
            FileStreamCompletionSource completionSource = FileStreamCompletionSource.Create(this, _preallocatedOverlapped, 0, destination);
            NativeOverlapped *         intOverlapped    = completionSource.Overlapped;

            // Calculate position in the file we should be at after the read is done
            if (CanSeek)
            {
                long len = Length;

                // Make sure we are reading from the position that we think we are
                VerifyOSHandlePosition();

                if (destination.Length > len - _filePosition)
                {
                    if (_filePosition <= len)
                    {
                        destination = destination.Slice(0, (int)(len - _filePosition));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        destination = default;
                    }
                }

                // Now set the position to read from in the NativeOverlapped struct
                // For pipes, we should leave the offset fields set to 0.
                intOverlapped->OffsetLow  = unchecked ((int)_filePosition);
                intOverlapped->OffsetHigh = (int)(_filePosition >> 32);

                // When using overlapped IO, the OS is not supposed to
                // touch the file pointer location at all.  We will adjust it
                // ourselves. This isn't threadsafe.

                // WriteFile should not update the file pointer when writing
                // in overlapped mode, according to MSDN.  But it does update
                // the file pointer when writing to a UNC path!
                // So changed the code below to seek to an absolute
                // location, not a relative one.  ReadFile seems consistent though.
                SeekCore(_fileHandle, destination.Length, SeekOrigin.Current);
            }

            // queue an async ReadFile operation and pass in a packed overlapped
            int r = FileStreamHelpers.ReadFileNative(_fileHandle, destination.Span, intOverlapped, out int errorCode);

            // ReadFile, the OS version, will return 0 on failure.  But
            // my ReadFileNative wrapper returns -1.  My wrapper will return
            // the following:
            // On error, r==-1.
            // On async requests that are still pending, r==-1 w/ errorCode==ERROR_IO_PENDING
            // on async requests that completed sequentially, r==0
            // You will NEVER RELIABLY be able to get the number of bytes
            // read back from this call when using overlapped structures!  You must
            // not pass in a non-null lpNumBytesRead to ReadFile when using
            // overlapped structures!  This is by design NT behavior.
            if (r == -1)
            {
                // For pipes, when they hit EOF, they will come here.
                if (errorCode == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE)
                {
                    // Not an error, but EOF.  AsyncFSCallback will NOT be
                    // called.  Call the user callback here.

                    // We clear the overlapped status bit for this special case.
                    // Failure to do so looks like we are freeing a pending overlapped later.
                    intOverlapped->InternalLow = IntPtr.Zero;
                    completionSource.SetCompletedSynchronously(0);
                }
                else if (errorCode != ERROR_IO_PENDING)
                {
                    if (!_fileHandle.IsClosed && CanSeek)  // Update Position - It could be anywhere.
                    {
                        SeekCore(_fileHandle, 0, SeekOrigin.Current);
                    }

                    completionSource.ReleaseNativeResource();

                    if (errorCode == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
                    {
                        ThrowHelper.ThrowEndOfFileException();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        throw Win32Marshal.GetExceptionForWin32Error(errorCode, _path);
                    }
                }
                else if (cancellationToken.CanBeCanceled) // ERROR_IO_PENDING
                {
                    // Only once the IO is pending do we register for cancellation
                    completionSource.RegisterForCancellation(cancellationToken);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Due to a workaround for a race condition in NT's ReadFile &
                // WriteFile routines, we will always be returning 0 from ReadFileNative
                // when we do async IO instead of the number of bytes read,
                // irregardless of whether the operation completed
                // synchronously or asynchronously.  We absolutely must not
                // set asyncResult._numBytes here, since will never have correct
                // results.
            }

            return(completionSource.Task);
        }