//***********************************************************************
// Probabilistic prime test based on Rabin-Miller's
//
// for any p > 0 with p - 1 = 2^s * t
//
// p is probably prime (strong pseudoprime) if for any a < p,
// 1) a^t mod p = 1 or
// 2) a^((2^j)*t) mod p = p-1 for some 0 <= j <= s-1
//
// Otherwise, p is composite.
//
// Returns
// -------
// True if "this" is a strong pseudoprime to randomly chosen
// bases. The number of chosen bases is given by the "confidence"
// parameter.
//
// False if "this" is definitely NOT prime.
//
//***********************************************************************
internal bool RabinMillerTest(int confidence)
{
BigInteger thisVal;
if ((this.data[maxLength - 1] & 0x80000000) != 0) // negative
thisVal = -this;
else
thisVal = this;
if (thisVal.dataLength == 1)
{
// test small numbers
if (thisVal.data[0] == 0 || thisVal.data[0] == 1)
return false;
else if (thisVal.data[0] == 2 || thisVal.data[0] == 3)
return true;
}
if ((thisVal.data[0] & 0x1) == 0) // even numbers
return false;
// calculate values of s and t
BigInteger p_sub1 = thisVal - (new BigInteger(1));
int s = 0;
for (int index = 0; index < p_sub1.dataLength; index++)
{
uint mask = 0x01;
for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++)
{
if ((p_sub1.data[index] & mask) != 0)
{
index = p_sub1.dataLength; // to break the outer loop
break;
}
mask <<= 1;
s++;
}
}
BigInteger t = p_sub1 >> s;
int bits = thisVal.bitCount();
BigInteger a = new BigInteger();
Random rand = new Random();
for (int round = 0; round < confidence; round++)
{
bool done = false;
while (!done) // generate a < n
{
int testBits = 0;
// make sure "a" has at least 2 bits
while (testBits < 2)
testBits = (int)(rand.NextDouble() * bits);
a.genRandomBits(testBits, rand);
int byteLen = a.dataLength;
// make sure "a" is not 0
if (byteLen > 1 || (byteLen == 1 && a.data[0] != 1))
done = true;
}
// check whether a factor exists (fix for version 1.03)
BigInteger gcdTest = a.gcd(thisVal);
if (gcdTest.dataLength == 1 && gcdTest.data[0] != 1)
return false;
BigInteger b = a.modPow(t, thisVal);
bool result = false;
if (b.dataLength == 1 && b.data[0] == 1) // a^t mod p = 1
result = true;
for (int j = 0; result == false && j < s; j++)
{
if (b == p_sub1) // a^((2^j)*t) mod p = p-1 for some 0 <= j <= s-1
{
result = true;
break;
}
b = (b * b) % thisVal;
}
if (result == false)
return false;
}
return true;
}
//***********************************************************************
// Probabilistic prime test based on Solovay-Strassen (Euler Criterion)
//
// p is probably prime if for any a < p (a is not multiple of p),
// a^((p-1)/2) mod p = J(a, p)
//
// where J is the Jacobi symbol.
//
// Otherwise, p is composite.
//
// Returns
// -------
// True if "this" is a Euler pseudoprime to randomly chosen
// bases. The number of chosen bases is given by the "confidence"
// parameter.
//
// False if "this" is definitely NOT prime.
//
//***********************************************************************
internal bool SolovayStrassenTest(int confidence)
{
BigInteger thisVal;
if ((this.data[maxLength - 1] & 0x80000000) != 0) // negative
thisVal = -this;
else
thisVal = this;
if (thisVal.dataLength == 1)
{
// test small numbers
if (thisVal.data[0] == 0 || thisVal.data[0] == 1)
return false;
else if (thisVal.data[0] == 2 || thisVal.data[0] == 3)
return true;
}
if ((thisVal.data[0] & 0x1) == 0) // even numbers
return false;
int bits = thisVal.bitCount();
BigInteger a = new BigInteger();
BigInteger p_sub1 = thisVal - 1;
BigInteger p_sub1_shift = p_sub1 >> 1;
Random rand = new Random();
for (int round = 0; round < confidence; round++)
{
bool done = false;
while (!done) // generate a < n
{
int testBits = 0;
// make sure "a" has at least 2 bits
while (testBits < 2)
testBits = (int)(rand.NextDouble() * bits);
a.genRandomBits(testBits, rand);
int byteLen = a.dataLength;
// make sure "a" is not 0
if (byteLen > 1 || (byteLen == 1 && a.data[0] != 1))
done = true;
}
// check whether a factor exists (fix for version 1.03)
BigInteger gcdTest = a.gcd(thisVal);
if (gcdTest.dataLength == 1 && gcdTest.data[0] != 1)
return false;
// calculate a^((p-1)/2) mod p
BigInteger expResult = a.modPow(p_sub1_shift, thisVal);
if (expResult == p_sub1)
expResult = -1;
// calculate Jacobi symbol
BigInteger jacob = Jacobi(a, thisVal);
// if they are different then it is not prime
if (expResult != jacob)
return false;
}
return true;
}
//***********************************************************************
// Probabilistic prime test based on Fermat's little theorem
//
// for any a < p (p does not divide a) if
// a^(p-1) mod p != 1 then p is not prime.
//
// Otherwise, p is probably prime (pseudoprime to the chosen base).
//
// Returns
// -------
// True if "this" is a pseudoprime to randomly chosen
// bases. The number of chosen bases is given by the "confidence"
// parameter.
//
// False if "this" is definitely NOT prime.
//
// Note - this method is fast but fails for Carmichael numbers except
// when the randomly chosen base is a factor of the number.
//
//***********************************************************************
internal bool FermatLittleTest(int confidence)
{
BigInteger thisVal;
if ((this.data[maxLength - 1] & 0x80000000) != 0) // negative
thisVal = -this;
else
thisVal = this;
if (thisVal.dataLength == 1)
{
// test small numbers
if (thisVal.data[0] == 0 || thisVal.data[0] == 1)
return false;
else if (thisVal.data[0] == 2 || thisVal.data[0] == 3)
return true;
}
if ((thisVal.data[0] & 0x1) == 0) // even numbers
return false;
int bits = thisVal.bitCount();
BigInteger a = new BigInteger();
BigInteger p_sub1 = thisVal - (new BigInteger(1));
Random rand = new Random();
for (int round = 0; round < confidence; round++)
{
bool done = false;
while (!done) // generate a < n
{
int testBits = 0;
// make sure "a" has at least 2 bits
while (testBits < 2)
testBits = (int)(rand.NextDouble() * bits);
a.genRandomBits(testBits, rand);
int byteLen = a.dataLength;
// make sure "a" is not 0
if (byteLen > 1 || (byteLen == 1 && a.data[0] != 1))
done = true;
}
// check whether a factor exists (fix for version 1.03)
BigInteger gcdTest = a.gcd(thisVal);
if (gcdTest.dataLength == 1 && gcdTest.data[0] != 1)
return false;
// calculate a^(p-1) mod p
BigInteger expResult = a.modPow(p_sub1, thisVal);
int resultLen = expResult.dataLength;
// is NOT prime is a^(p-1) mod p != 1
if (resultLen > 1 || (resultLen == 1 && expResult.data[0] != 1))
{
return false;
}
}
return true;
}