/// <summary>
/// Returns a list of available serial ports with their associated PID, VID and descriptions
/// Modified from the example written by Kamil Górski (freakone) available at
/// http://blog.gorski.pm/serial-port-details-in-c-sharp
/// https://github.com/freakone/serial-reader
/// Some modifications were based on this stackoverflow thread:
/// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11458835/finding-information-about-all-serial-devices-connected-through-usb-in-c-sharp
/// </summary>
/// <returns>List of available serial ports</returns>
private static List <ComPort> GetSerialPorts()
{
const string vidPattern = @"VID_([0-9A-F]{4})";
const string pidPattern = @"PID_([0-9A-F]{4})";
const string namePattern = @"(?<=\()COM[0-9]{1,3}(?=\)$)";
using (var searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("root\\CIMV2", "SELECT * FROM Win32_PnPEntity WHERE ClassGuid=\"{4d36e978-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}\""))
{
var ports = searcher.Get().Cast <ManagementBaseObject>().ToList();
List <ComPort> detectedPorts = ports.Select(p =>
{
ComPort c = new ComPort();
c.name = p.GetPropertyValue("Name").ToString();
c.vid = p.GetPropertyValue("PNPDeviceID").ToString();
c.description = p.GetPropertyValue("Caption").ToString();
Match mVID = Regex.Match(c.vid, vidPattern, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
Match mPID = Regex.Match(c.vid, pidPattern, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
if (mVID.Success)
{
c.vid = mVID.Groups[1].Value;
c.vid = c.vid.Substring(0, Math.Min(4, c.vid.Length));
}
else
{
c.vid = "----";
}
if (mPID.Success)
{
c.pid = mPID.Groups[1].Value;
c.pid = c.pid.Substring(0, Math.Min(4, c.vid.Length));
}
else
{
c.pid = "----";
}
Match mName = Regex.Match(c.name, namePattern);
if (mName.Success)
{
c.name = mName.Value;
c.num = int.Parse(c.name.Substring(3));
if (c.num == 0)
{
c.name = "?";
}
}
else
{
c.name = "?";
c.num = 0;
}
c.board = MatchBoard(c.vid, c.pid);
return(c);
}).ToList();
// remove all unusable ports from the list
detectedPorts.RemoveAll(p => p.name == "?");
return(detectedPorts);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns a list of available serial ports with their associated PID, VID and descriptions
/// Modified from the example written by Kamil Górski (freakone) available at
/// http://blog.gorski.pm/serial-port-details-in-c-sharp
/// https://github.com/freakone/serial-reader
/// Some modifications were based on this stackoverflow thread:
/// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11458835/finding-information-about-all-serial-devices-connected-through-usb-in-c-sharp
/// Hardware Bus Description through WMI is based on Simon Mourier's answer on this stackoverflow thread:
/// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69362886/get-devpkey-device-busreporteddevicedesc-from-win32-pnpentity-in-c-sharp
/// </summary>
/// <returns>List of available serial ports</returns>
private static List <ComPort> GetSerialPorts()
{
const string vidPattern = @"VID_([0-9A-F]{4})";
const string pidPattern = @"PID_([0-9A-F]{4})";
const string namePattern = @"(?<=\()COM[0-9]{1,3}(?=\)$)";
const string query = "SELECT * FROM Win32_PnPEntity WHERE ClassGuid=\"{4d36e978-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}\"";
// as per INTERFACE_PREFIXES in adafruit_board_toolkit
// (see https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Board_Toolkit/blob/main/adafruit_board_toolkit)
string[] cpb_descriptions = new string[] { "CircuitPython CDC ", "Sol CDC ", "StringCarM0Ex CDC " };
List <ComPort> detectedPorts = new List <ComPort>();
foreach (var p in new ManagementObjectSearcher("root\\CIMV2", query).Get().OfType <ManagementObject>())
{
ComPort c = new ComPort();
// extract and clean up port name and number
c.name = p.GetPropertyValue("Name").ToString();
Match mName = Regex.Match(c.name, namePattern);
if (mName.Success)
{
c.name = mName.Value;
c.num = int.Parse(c.name.Substring(3));
}
// if the port name or number cannot be determined, skip this port and move on
if (c.num < 1)
{
continue;
}
// get the device's VID and PID
string pidvid = p.GetPropertyValue("PNPDeviceID").ToString();
// extract and clean up device's VID
Match mVID = Regex.Match(pidvid, vidPattern, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
if (mVID.Success)
{
c.vid = mVID.Groups[1].Value.Substring(0, Math.Min(4, c.vid.Length));
}
// extract and clean up device's PID
Match mPID = Regex.Match(pidvid, pidPattern, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
if (mPID.Success)
{
c.pid = mPID.Groups[1].Value.Substring(0, Math.Min(4, c.pid.Length));
}
// extract the device's friendly description (caption)
c.description = p.GetPropertyValue("Caption").ToString();
// attempt to match this device with a known board
c.board = MatchBoard(c.vid, c.pid);
// extract the device's hardware bus description
c.busDescription = "";
var inParams = new object[] { new string[] { "DEVPKEY_Device_BusReportedDeviceDesc" }, null };
p.InvokeMethod("GetDeviceProperties", inParams);
var outParams = (ManagementBaseObject[])inParams[1];
if (outParams.Length > 0)
{
var data = outParams[0].Properties.OfType <PropertyData>().FirstOrDefault(d => d.Name == "Data");
if (data != null)
{
c.busDescription = data.Value.ToString();
}
}
// we can determine if this is a CircuitPython board by its bus description
foreach (string prefix in cpb_descriptions)
{
if (c.busDescription.StartsWith(prefix))
{
c.isCircuitPython = true;
}
}
// add this port to our list of detected ports
detectedPorts.Add(c);
}
return(detectedPorts);
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// process all command-line arguments
ProcessArguments(args);
// set up keyboard input for program control / relay to serial port
ConsoleKeyInfo keyInfo = new ConsoleKeyInfo();
Console.TreatControlCAsInput = true; // we need to use CTRL-C to activate the REPL in CircuitPython, so it can't be used to exit the application
// this is where data read from the serial port will be temporarily stored
string received = string.Empty;
//main loop - keep this up until user presses CTRL-X or an exception takes us down
do
{
// first things first, check for (and respect) a request to exit the program via CTRL-X
if (Console.KeyAvailable)
{
keyInfo = Console.ReadKey(intercept: true);
if ((keyInfo.Key == ConsoleKey.X) && (keyInfo.Modifiers == ConsoleModifiers.Control))
{
Output("\n<<< SimplySerial session terminated via CTRL-X >>>");
ExitProgram(silent: true);
}
}
// get a list of available ports
availablePorts = (SimplySerial.GetSerialPorts()).OrderBy(p => p.num).ToList();
// if no port was specified/selected, pick one automatically
if (port.name == String.Empty)
{
// if there are com ports available, pick one
if (availablePorts.Count() >= 1)
{
// first, try to default to something that we assume is running CircuitPython
SimplySerial.port = availablePorts.Find(p => p.board.isCircuitPython == true);
// if that doesn't work out, just default to the first available COM port
if (SimplySerial.port.name == null)
{
SimplySerial.port = availablePorts[0];
}
}
// if there are no com ports available, exit or try again depending on autoconnect setting
else
{
if (autoConnect == AutoConnect.NONE)
{
ExitProgram("No COM ports detected.", exitCode: -1);
}
else
{
continue;
}
}
}
// if a specific port has been selected, try to match it with one that actually exists
else
{
bool portMatched = false;
foreach (ComPort p in availablePorts)
{
if (p.name == port.name)
{
portMatched = true;
port = p;
break;
}
}
// if the specified port is not available, exit or try again depending on autoconnect setting
if (!portMatched)
{
if (autoConnect == AutoConnect.NONE)
{
ExitProgram(("Invalid port specified <" + port.name + ">"), exitCode: -1);
}
else
{
continue;
}
}
}
// if we get this far, it should be safe to set up the specified/selected serial port
serialPort = new SerialPort(port.name, baud, parity, dataBits, stopBits)
{
Handshake = Handshake.None, // we don't need to support any handshaking at this point
ReadTimeout = 1, // minimal timeout - we don't want to wait forever for data that may not be coming!
WriteTimeout = 250, // small delay - if we go too small on this it causes System.IO semaphore timeout exceptions
DtrEnable = true, // without this we don't ever receive any data
RtsEnable = true // without this we don't ever receive any data
};
// attempt to open the serial port, deal with failures
try
{
serialPort.Open();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
// if auto-connect is disabled than any exception should result in program termination
if (autoConnect == AutoConnect.NONE)
{
if (e is UnauthorizedAccessException)
{
ExitProgram((e.GetType() + " occurred while attempting to open " + port.name + ". Is this port already in use in another application?"), exitCode: -1);
}
else
{
ExitProgram((e.GetType() + " occurred while attempting to open " + port.name + "."), exitCode: -1);
}
}
// if auto-connect is enabled, prepare to try again
serialPort.Dispose();
Thread.Sleep(1000); // putting a delay here to avoid gobbling tons of resources thruogh constant high-speed re-connect attempts
continue;
}
// if we get this far, clear the screen and send the connection message if not in 'quiet' mode
Console.Clear();
if (!SimplySerial.Quiet)
{
Console.WriteLine(("<<< SimplySerial v{0} connected via {1} >>>\n" +
"Settings : {2} baud, {3} parity, {4} data bits, {5} stop bit{6}, auto-connect {7}.\n" +
"Device : {8}{9} {10}{11}{12}\n" +
"---\n\nUse CTRL-X to exit.\n"),
version,
port.name,
baud,
(parity == Parity.None) ? "no" : (parity.ToString()).ToLower(),
dataBits,
(stopBits == StopBits.None) ? "0" : (stopBits == StopBits.One) ? "1" : (stopBits == StopBits.OnePointFive) ? "1.5" : "2", (stopBits == StopBits.One) ? "" : "s",
(autoConnect == AutoConnect.ONE) ? "on" : (autoConnect == AutoConnect.ANY) ? "any" : "off",
port.board.make,
(port.board.make == "VID") ? ":" + port.vid : "",
port.board.model,
(port.board.model == "PID") ? ":" + port.pid : "",
(port.board.isCircuitPython) ? " (CircuitPython-capable)" : ""
);
}
// this is the core functionality - loop while the serial port is open
while (serialPort.IsOpen)
{
try
{
// process keypresses for transmission through the serial port
if (Console.KeyAvailable)
{
// determine what key is pressed (including modifiers)
keyInfo = Console.ReadKey(intercept: true);
// exit the program if CTRL-X was pressed
if ((keyInfo.Key == ConsoleKey.X) && (keyInfo.Modifiers == ConsoleModifiers.Control))
{
Output("\n<<< SimplySerial session terminated via CTRL-X >>>");
ExitProgram(silent: true);
}
// properly process the backspace character
else if (keyInfo.Key == ConsoleKey.Backspace)
{
serialPort.Write("\b");
Thread.Sleep(150); // sort of cheating here - by adding this delay we ensure that when we process the receive buffer it will contain the correct backspace control sequence
}
// everything else just gets sent right on through
else
{
serialPort.Write(Convert.ToString(keyInfo.KeyChar));
}
}
// process data coming in from the serial port
received = serialPort.ReadExisting();
// if anything was received, process it
if (received.Length > 0)
{
// properly process backspace
if (received == ("\b\x1B[K"))
{
received = "\b \b";
}
// write what was received to console
Console.Write(received);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
if (autoConnect == AutoConnect.NONE)
{
ExitProgram((e.GetType() + " occurred while attempting to read/write to/from " + port.name + "."), exitCode: -1);
}
else
{
Output("\n<<< Communications Interrupted >>>\n");
}
serialPort.Dispose();
Thread.Sleep(2000); // sort-of arbitrary delay - should be long enough to read the "interrupted" message
Console.Clear();
if (autoConnect == AutoConnect.ANY)
{
port.name = String.Empty;
Output("<<< Attemping to connect to any avaiable COM port. Use CTRL-X to cancel >>>");
}
else if (autoConnect == AutoConnect.ONE)
{
Console.Clear();
Output("<<< Attempting to re-connect to " + port.name + ". Use CTRL-X to cancel >>>");
}
break;
}
}
} while (autoConnect > AutoConnect.NONE);
// if we get to this point, we should be exiting gracefully
ExitProgram("<<< SimplySerial session terminated >>>", exitCode: 0);
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// attempt to enable virtual terminal escape sequence processing
try
{
var iStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
GetConsoleMode(iStdOut, out uint outConsoleMode);
outConsoleMode |= ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING;
SetConsoleMode(iStdOut, outConsoleMode);
}
catch
{
// if the above fails, it doesn't really matter - it just means escape sequences won't process nicely
}
// load and parse data in boards.json
LoadBoards();
// process all command-line arguments
ProcessArguments(args);
// verify log-related settings
if (logging)
{
try
{
FileStream stream = new FileStream(logFile, logMode, FileAccess.Write);
using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(stream, Encoding.UTF8))
{
writer.WriteLine($"\n----- LOGGING STARTED ({DateTime.Now}) ------------------------------------");
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
logging = false;
ExitProgram($"* Error accessing log file '{logFile}'\n > {e.GetType()}: {e.Message}", exitCode: -1);
}
}
// set up keyboard input for program control / relay to serial port
ConsoleKeyInfo keyInfo = new ConsoleKeyInfo();
Console.TreatControlCAsInput = true; // we need to use CTRL-C to activate the REPL in CircuitPython, so it can't be used to exit the application
// this is where data read from the serial port will be temporarily stored
string received = string.Empty;
//main loop - keep this up until user presses CTRL-X or an exception takes us down
do
{
// first things first, check for (and respect) a request to exit the program via CTRL-X
if (Console.KeyAvailable)
{
keyInfo = Console.ReadKey(intercept: true);
if ((keyInfo.Key == ConsoleKey.X) && (keyInfo.Modifiers == ConsoleModifiers.Control))
{
Output("\n<<< SimplySerial session terminated via CTRL-X >>>");
ExitProgram(silent: true);
}
}
// get a list of available ports
availablePorts = (SimplySerial.GetSerialPorts()).OrderBy(p => p.num).ToList();
// if no port was specified/selected, pick one automatically
if (port.name == String.Empty)
{
// if there are com ports available, pick one
if (availablePorts.Count() >= 1)
{
// first, try to default to something that we assume is running CircuitPython
SimplySerial.port = availablePorts.Find(p => p.isCircuitPython == true);
// if that doesn't work out, just default to the first available COM port
if (SimplySerial.port == null)
{
SimplySerial.port = availablePorts[0];
}
}
// if there are no com ports available, exit or try again depending on autoconnect setting
else
{
if (autoConnect == AutoConnect.NONE)
{
ExitProgram("No COM ports detected.", exitCode: -1);
}
else
{
continue;
}
}
}
// if a specific port has been selected, try to match it with one that actually exists
else
{
bool portMatched = false;
foreach (ComPort p in availablePorts)
{
if (p.name == port.name)
{
portMatched = true;
port = p;
break;
}
}
// if the specified port is not available, exit or try again depending on autoconnect setting
if (!portMatched)
{
if (autoConnect == AutoConnect.NONE)
{
ExitProgram(("Invalid port specified <" + port.name + ">"), exitCode: -1);
}
else
{
continue;
}
}
}
// if we get this far, it should be safe to set up the specified/selected serial port
serialPort = new SerialPort(port.name)
{
Handshake = Handshake.None, // we don't need to support any handshaking at this point
ReadTimeout = 1, // minimal timeout - we don't want to wait forever for data that may not be coming!
WriteTimeout = 250, // small delay - if we go too small on this it causes System.IO semaphore timeout exceptions
DtrEnable = true, // without this we don't ever receive any data
RtsEnable = true // without this we don't ever receive any data
};
// attempt to set the baud rate, fail if the specified value is not supported by the hardware
try
{
if (baud < 0)
{
if (port.isCircuitPython)
{
baud = 115200;
}
else
{
baud = 9600;
}
}
serialPort.BaudRate = baud;
}
catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException)
{
ExitProgram(("The specified baud rate (" + baud + ") is not supported."), exitCode: -2);
}
// set other port parameters (which have already been validated)
serialPort.Parity = parity;
serialPort.DataBits = dataBits;
serialPort.StopBits = stopBits;
// attempt to open the serial port, deal with failures
try
{
serialPort.Open();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
// if auto-connect is disabled than any exception should result in program termination
if (autoConnect == AutoConnect.NONE)
{
if (e is UnauthorizedAccessException)
{
ExitProgram((e.GetType() + " occurred while attempting to open " + port.name + ". Is this port already in use in another application?"), exitCode: -1);
}
else
{
ExitProgram((e.GetType() + " occurred while attempting to open " + port.name + "."), exitCode: -1);
}
}
// if auto-connect is enabled, prepare to try again
serialPort.Dispose();
Thread.Sleep(1000); // putting a delay here to avoid gobbling tons of resources thruogh constant high-speed re-connect attempts
continue;
}
// if we get this far, clear the screen and send the connection message if not in 'quiet' mode
Console.Clear();
Output(String.Format("<<< SimplySerial v{0} connected via {1} >>>\n" +
"Settings : {2} baud, {3} parity, {4} data bits, {5} stop bit{6}, auto-connect {7}.\n" +
"Device : {8} {9}{10}\n{11}" +
"---\n\nUse CTRL-X to exit.\n",
version,
port.name,
baud,
(parity == Parity.None) ? "no" : (parity.ToString()).ToLower(),
dataBits,
(stopBits == StopBits.None) ? "0" : (stopBits == StopBits.One) ? "1" : (stopBits == StopBits.OnePointFive) ? "1.5" : "2", (stopBits == StopBits.One) ? "" : "s",
(autoConnect == AutoConnect.ONE) ? "on" : (autoConnect == AutoConnect.ANY) ? "any" : "off",
port.board.make,
port.board.model,
(port.isCircuitPython) ? " (CircuitPython-capable)" : "",
(logging == true) ? ($"Logfile : {logFile} (Mode = " + ((logMode == FileMode.Create) ? "OVERWRITE" : "APPEND") + ")\n") : ""
), flush: true);
lastFlush = DateTime.Now;
DateTime start = DateTime.Now;
TimeSpan timeSinceRX = new TimeSpan();
TimeSpan timeSinceFlush = new TimeSpan();
// this is the core functionality - loop while the serial port is open
while (serialPort.IsOpen)
{
try
{
// process keypresses for transmission through the serial port
if (Console.KeyAvailable)
{
// determine what key is pressed (including modifiers)
keyInfo = Console.ReadKey(intercept: true);
// exit the program if CTRL-X was pressed
if ((keyInfo.Key == ConsoleKey.X) && (keyInfo.Modifiers == ConsoleModifiers.Control))
{
Output("\n<<< SimplySerial session terminated via CTRL-X >>>");
ExitProgram(silent: true);
}
// check for keys that require special processing (cursor keys, etc.)
else if (specialKeys.ContainsKey(keyInfo.Key))
{
serialPort.Write(specialKeys[keyInfo.Key]);
}
// everything else just gets sent right on through
else
{
serialPort.Write(Convert.ToString(keyInfo.KeyChar));
}
}
// process data coming in from the serial port
received = serialPort.ReadExisting();
// if anything was received, process it
if (received.Length > 0)
{
if (forceNewline)
{
received = received.Replace("\r", "\n");
}
// write what was received to console
Output(received, force: true, newline: false);
start = DateTime.Now;
}
else
{
Thread.Sleep(1);
}
if (logging)
{
timeSinceRX = DateTime.Now - start;
timeSinceFlush = DateTime.Now - lastFlush;
if ((timeSinceRX.TotalSeconds >= 2) || (timeSinceFlush.TotalSeconds >= 10))
{
if (logData.Length > 0)
{
Output("", force: true, newline: false, flush: true);
}
start = DateTime.Now;
lastFlush = DateTime.Now;
}
}
// if the serial port is unexpectedly closed, throw an exception
if (!serialPort.IsOpen)
{
throw new IOException();
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
if (autoConnect == AutoConnect.NONE)
{
ExitProgram((e.GetType() + " occurred while attempting to read/write to/from " + port.name + "."), exitCode: -1);
}
else
{
Output("\n<<< Communications Interrupted >>>\n");
}
try
{
serialPort.Dispose();
}
catch
{
//nothing to do here, other than prevent execution from stopping if dispose() throws an exception
}
Thread.Sleep(2000); // sort-of arbitrary delay - should be long enough to read the "interrupted" message
if (autoConnect == AutoConnect.ANY)
{
port.name = String.Empty;
Output("<<< Attemping to connect to any available COM port. Use CTRL-X to cancel >>>");
}
else if (autoConnect == AutoConnect.ONE)
{
Output("<<< Attempting to re-connect to " + port.name + ". Use CTRL-X to cancel >>>");
}
break;
}
}
} while (autoConnect > AutoConnect.NONE);
// if we get to this point, we should be exiting gracefully
ExitProgram("<<< SimplySerial session terminated >>>", exitCode: 0);
}