/// PawnTable::pawn_info() takes a position object as input, computes
/// a PawnInfo object, and returns a pointer to it. The result is also stored
/// in an hash table, so we don't have to recompute everything when the same
/// pawn structure occurs again.
internal void probe(Position pos, out PawnEntry e)
{
Key key = pos.pawn_key();
e = entries[((UInt32)key) & Constants.PawnTableMask];
// If pi.key matches the position's pawn hash key, it means that we
// have analysed this pawn structure before, and we can simply return
// the information we found the last time instead of recomputing it.
if (e.key == key)
{
return;
}
// Initialize PawnInfo entry
e.key = key;
e.passedPawnsWHITE = e.passedPawnsBLACK = 0;
e.kingSquaresWHITE = e.kingSquaresBLACK = SquareC.SQ_NONE;
e.halfOpenFilesWHITE = e.halfOpenFilesBLACK = 0xFF;
// Calculate pawn attacks
Bitboard wPawns = pos.pieces_PTC(PieceTypeC.PAWN, ColorC.WHITE);
Bitboard bPawns = pos.pieces_PTC(PieceTypeC.PAWN, ColorC.BLACK);
e.pawnAttacksWHITE = ((wPawns & ~Constants.FileHBB) << 9) | ((wPawns & ~Constants.FileABB) << 7);
e.pawnAttacksBLACK = ((bPawns & ~Constants.FileHBB) >> 7) | ((bPawns & ~Constants.FileABB) >> 9);
// Evaluate pawns for both colors and weight the result
e.value = evaluate_pawns(ColorC.WHITE, pos, wPawns, bPawns, e)
- evaluate_pawns(ColorC.BLACK, pos, bPawns, wPawns, e);
e.value = Utils.apply_weight(e.value, PawnStructureWeight);
return;
}
internal PawnTable()
{
for (int i = 0; i < Constants.PawnTableSize; i++)
{
entries[i] = new PawnEntry();
}
}
/// PawnTable::evaluate_pawns() evaluates each pawn of the given color
internal static Score evaluate_pawns(Color Us, Position pos, Bitboard ourPawns, Bitboard theirPawns, PawnEntry e)
{
Color Them = (Us == ColorC.WHITE ? ColorC.BLACK : ColorC.WHITE);
Bitboard b;
Square s;
File f;
Rank r;
bool passed, isolated, doubled, opposed, chain, backward, candidate;
Score value = ScoreC.SCORE_ZERO;
Square[] pl = pos.pieceList[Us][PieceTypeC.PAWN];
int plPos = 0;
// Loop through all pawns of the current color and score each pawn
while ((s = pl[plPos++]) != SquareC.SQ_NONE)
{
Debug.Assert(pos.piece_on(s) == Utils.make_piece(Us, PieceTypeC.PAWN));
f = (s & 7);
r = (s >> 3);
// This file cannot be half open
if (Us == ColorC.WHITE)
{
e.halfOpenFilesWHITE &= ~(1 << f);
}
else
{
e.halfOpenFilesBLACK &= ~(1 << f);
}
// Our rank plus previous one. Used for chain detection
b = Utils.RankBB[r] | Utils.RankBB[Us == ColorC.WHITE ? r - 1 : r + 1];
// Flag the pawn as passed, isolated, doubled or member of a pawn
// chain (but not the backward one).
chain = (ourPawns & Utils.AdjacentFilesBB[f] & b) != 0;
isolated = (ourPawns & Utils.AdjacentFilesBB[f]) == 0;
doubled = (ourPawns & Utils.ForwardBB[Us][s]) != 0;
opposed = (theirPawns & Utils.ForwardBB[Us][s]) != 0;
passed = (theirPawns & Utils.PassedPawnMask[Us][s]) == 0;
// Test for backward pawn
backward = false;
// If the pawn is passed, isolated, or member of a pawn chain it cannot
// be backward. If there are friendly pawns behind on adjacent files
// or if can capture an enemy pawn it cannot be backward either.
if (!(passed | isolated | chain)
&& (((ourPawns & Utils.AttackSpanMask[Them][s])) == 0)
&& ((((Utils.StepAttacksBB[((Us << 3) | PieceTypeC.PAWN)][s]) & theirPawns)) == 0))
{
// We now know that there are no friendly pawns beside or behind this
// pawn on adjacent files. We now check whether the pawn is
// backward by looking in the forward direction on the adjacent
// files, and seeing whether we meet a friendly or an enemy pawn first.
b = Utils.StepAttacksBB[((Us << 3) | PieceTypeC.PAWN)][s];
// Note that we are sure to find something because pawn is not passed
// nor isolated, so loop is potentially infinite, but it isn't.
while ((b & (ourPawns | theirPawns)) == 0)
{
if (Us == ColorC.WHITE) { b <<= 8; } else { b >>= 8; }
}
// The friendly pawn needs to be at least two ranks closer than the
// enemy pawn in order to help the potentially backward pawn advance.
backward = (((b | (Us == ColorC.WHITE ? b << 8 : b >> 8)) & theirPawns) != 0);
}
Debug.Assert(opposed | passed | (((Utils.AttackSpanMask[Us][s] & theirPawns)) != 0));
// A not passed pawn is a candidate to become passed if it is free to
// advance and if the number of friendly pawns beside or behind this
// pawn on adjacent files is higher or equal than the number of
// enemy pawns in the forward direction on the adjacent files.
candidate = !(opposed | passed | backward | isolated)
&& (b = Utils.AttackSpanMask[Them][s + (Us == ColorC.WHITE ? SquareC.DELTA_N : SquareC.DELTA_S)] & ourPawns) != 0
&& Bitcount.popcount_1s_Max15(b) >= Bitcount.popcount_1s_Max15(Utils.AttackSpanMask[Us][s] & theirPawns);
// Passed pawns will be properly scored in evaluation because we need
// full attack info to evaluate passed pawns. Only the frontmost passed
// pawn on each file is considered a true passed pawn.
if (passed && !doubled)
{
if (Us == ColorC.WHITE)
{
e.passedPawnsWHITE |= Utils.SquareBB[s];
}
else
{
e.passedPawnsBLACK |= Utils.SquareBB[s];
}
}
// Score this pawn
if (isolated)
value -= IsolatedPawnPenalty[opposed ? 1 : 0][f];
if (doubled)
value -= DoubledPawnPenalty[opposed ? 1 : 0][f];
if (backward)
value -= BackwardPawnPenalty[opposed ? 1 : 0][f];
if (chain)
value += ChainBonus[f];
if (candidate)
value += CandidateBonus[((s >> 3) ^ (Us * 7))];
}
return value;
}
/// PawnTable::pawn_info() takes a position object as input, computes
/// a PawnInfo object, and returns a pointer to it. The result is also stored
/// in an hash table, so we don't have to recompute everything when the same
/// pawn structure occurs again.
internal void probe(Position pos, out PawnEntry e)
{
Key key = pos.pawn_key();
e = entries[((UInt32)key) & Constants.PawnTableMask];
// If pi.key matches the position's pawn hash key, it means that we
// have analysed this pawn structure before, and we can simply return
// the information we found the last time instead of recomputing it.
if (e.key == key) return;
// Initialize PawnInfo entry
e.key = key;
e.passedPawnsWHITE = e.passedPawnsBLACK = 0;
e.kingSquaresWHITE = e.kingSquaresBLACK = SquareC.SQ_NONE;
e.halfOpenFilesWHITE = e.halfOpenFilesBLACK = 0xFF;
// Calculate pawn attacks
Bitboard wPawns = pos.pieces_PTC(PieceTypeC.PAWN, ColorC.WHITE);
Bitboard bPawns = pos.pieces_PTC(PieceTypeC.PAWN, ColorC.BLACK);
e.pawnAttacksWHITE = ((wPawns & ~Constants.FileHBB) << 9) | ((wPawns & ~Constants.FileABB) << 7);
e.pawnAttacksBLACK = ((bPawns & ~Constants.FileHBB) >> 7) | ((bPawns & ~Constants.FileABB) >> 9);
// Evaluate pawns for both colors and weight the result
e.value = evaluate_pawns(ColorC.WHITE, pos, wPawns, bPawns, e)
- evaluate_pawns(ColorC.BLACK, pos, bPawns, wPawns, e);
e.value = Utils.apply_weight(e.value, PawnStructureWeight);
return;
}
internal PawnTable()
{
for (int i = 0; i < Constants.PawnTableSize; i++)
{
entries[i] = new PawnEntry();
}
}
/// PawnTable::evaluate_pawns() evaluates each pawn of the given color
internal static Score evaluate_pawns(Color Us, Position pos, Bitboard ourPawns, Bitboard theirPawns, PawnEntry e)
{
Color Them = (Us == ColorC.WHITE ? ColorC.BLACK : ColorC.WHITE);
Bitboard b;
Square s;
File f;
Rank r;
bool passed, isolated, doubled, opposed, chain, backward, candidate;
Score value = ScoreC.SCORE_ZERO;
Square[] pl = pos.pieceList[Us][PieceTypeC.PAWN];
int plPos = 0;
// Loop through all pawns of the current color and score each pawn
while ((s = pl[plPos++]) != SquareC.SQ_NONE)
{
Debug.Assert(pos.piece_on(s) == Utils.make_piece(Us, PieceTypeC.PAWN));
f = (s & 7);
r = (s >> 3);
// This file cannot be half open
if (Us == ColorC.WHITE)
{
e.halfOpenFilesWHITE &= ~(1 << f);
}
else
{
e.halfOpenFilesBLACK &= ~(1 << f);
}
// Our rank plus previous one. Used for chain detection
b = Utils.RankBB[r] | Utils.RankBB[Us == ColorC.WHITE ? r - 1 : r + 1];
// Flag the pawn as passed, isolated, doubled or member of a pawn
// chain (but not the backward one).
chain = (ourPawns & Utils.AdjacentFilesBB[f] & b) != 0;
isolated = (ourPawns & Utils.AdjacentFilesBB[f]) == 0;
doubled = (ourPawns & Utils.ForwardBB[Us][s]) != 0;
opposed = (theirPawns & Utils.ForwardBB[Us][s]) != 0;
passed = (theirPawns & Utils.PassedPawnMask[Us][s]) == 0;
// Test for backward pawn
backward = false;
// If the pawn is passed, isolated, or member of a pawn chain it cannot
// be backward. If there are friendly pawns behind on adjacent files
// or if can capture an enemy pawn it cannot be backward either.
if (!(passed | isolated | chain) &&
(((ourPawns & Utils.AttackSpanMask[Them][s])) == 0) &&
((((Utils.StepAttacksBB[((Us << 3) | PieceTypeC.PAWN)][s]) & theirPawns)) == 0))
{
// We now know that there are no friendly pawns beside or behind this
// pawn on adjacent files. We now check whether the pawn is
// backward by looking in the forward direction on the adjacent
// files, and seeing whether we meet a friendly or an enemy pawn first.
b = Utils.StepAttacksBB[((Us << 3) | PieceTypeC.PAWN)][s];
// Note that we are sure to find something because pawn is not passed
// nor isolated, so loop is potentially infinite, but it isn't.
while ((b & (ourPawns | theirPawns)) == 0)
{
if (Us == ColorC.WHITE)
{
b <<= 8;
}
else
{
b >>= 8;
}
}
// The friendly pawn needs to be at least two ranks closer than the
// enemy pawn in order to help the potentially backward pawn advance.
backward = (((b | (Us == ColorC.WHITE ? b << 8 : b >> 8)) & theirPawns) != 0);
}
Debug.Assert(opposed | passed | (((Utils.AttackSpanMask[Us][s] & theirPawns)) != 0));
// A not passed pawn is a candidate to become passed if it is free to
// advance and if the number of friendly pawns beside or behind this
// pawn on adjacent files is higher or equal than the number of
// enemy pawns in the forward direction on the adjacent files.
candidate = !(opposed | passed | backward | isolated) &&
(b = Utils.AttackSpanMask[Them][s + (Us == ColorC.WHITE ? SquareC.DELTA_N : SquareC.DELTA_S)] & ourPawns) != 0 &&
Bitcount.popcount_1s_Max15(b) >= Bitcount.popcount_1s_Max15(Utils.AttackSpanMask[Us][s] & theirPawns);
// Passed pawns will be properly scored in evaluation because we need
// full attack info to evaluate passed pawns. Only the frontmost passed
// pawn on each file is considered a true passed pawn.
if (passed && !doubled)
{
if (Us == ColorC.WHITE)
{
e.passedPawnsWHITE |= Utils.SquareBB[s];
}
else
{
e.passedPawnsBLACK |= Utils.SquareBB[s];
}
}
// Score this pawn
if (isolated)
{
value -= IsolatedPawnPenalty[opposed ? 1 : 0][f];
}
if (doubled)
{
value -= DoubledPawnPenalty[opposed ? 1 : 0][f];
}
if (backward)
{
value -= BackwardPawnPenalty[opposed ? 1 : 0][f];
}
if (chain)
{
value += ChainBonus[f];
}
if (candidate)
{
value += CandidateBonus[((s >> 3) ^ (Us * 7))];
}
}
return(value);
}
