//パソコンによる空気調和計算法 pp.180
private static void makeRoom(double timeStep, out Zone room, out Wall exWall, out Wall inWall, out Wall ceiling, out Wall floor,
out Sun sun, out Outdoor outdoor)
{
//太陽を作成//東京
sun = new Sun(35, 139, 134);
//外界を作成
outdoor = new Outdoor();
outdoor.Sun = sun;
//室を作成
room = new Zone();
room.Volume = 353;
room.SensibleHeatCapacity = 3500 * 1000;
room.InitializeAirState(26, 0.018);
room.VentilationVolume = room.Volume * 0.2;
room.TimeStep = timeStep;
WallLayers layers;
WallLayers.Layer layer;
//外壁を作成
layers = new WallLayers();
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("アルミ化粧板", 210, 2373), 0.002);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("中空層", 1d / 0.086d, 0), 0);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("ロックウール", 0.042, 84), 0.050);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("コンクリート", 1.4, 1934), 0.150);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
exWall = new Wall(layers);
exWall.SurfaceArea = 22.4;
exWall.TimeStep = timeStep;
WallSurface ews = exWall.GetSurface(true);
ews.SolarAbsorptance = 0.7;
ews.LongWaveEmissivity = 0.9;
ews.Albedo = 0.2;
WallSurface iws = exWall.GetSurface(false);
ews.FilmCoefficient = 23;
iws.FilmCoefficient = 9.3;
exWall.SetIncline(new Incline(Incline.Orientation.SW, 0.5 * Math.PI), true);
room.AddSurface(iws); //部屋に追加
outdoor.AddWallSurface(ews); //外界に追加
room.SetShortWaveRadiationRate(iws, iws.Area); //放射成分吸収比率を設定
room.SetLongWaveRadiationRate(iws, iws.Area); //放射成分吸収比率を設定
//内壁を作成
layers = new WallLayers();
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("コンクリート", 1.4, 1934), 0.120, 2);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
inWall = new Wall(layers);
inWall.SurfaceArea = 100.8;
inWall.TimeStep = timeStep;
iws = inWall.GetSurface(true);
iws.FilmCoefficient = 9.3;
room.AddSurface(iws);
room.SetShortWaveRadiationRate(iws, iws.Area); //放射成分吸収比率を設定
room.SetLongWaveRadiationRate(iws, iws.Area); //放射成分吸収比率を設定
//床と天井を作成
layers = new WallLayers();
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("カーペット", 0.08, 318), 0.015);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("コンクリート", 1.4, 1934), 0.150);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("中空層", 1d / 0.086d, 0), 0);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("石膏ボード", 0.17, 1030), 0.012);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
//床
floor = new Wall(layers);
floor.SurfaceArea = 98;
floor.TimeStep = timeStep;
iws = floor.GetSurface(true);
iws.FilmCoefficient = 9.3;
room.AddSurface(iws);
room.SetShortWaveRadiationRate(iws, iws.Area * 2.0); //放射成分吸収比率を設定**多め
room.SetLongWaveRadiationRate(iws, iws.Area * 2.0); //放射成分吸収比率を設定**多め
//天井
ceiling = new Wall(layers);
ceiling.SurfaceArea = 98;
ceiling.TimeStep = timeStep;
iws = ceiling.GetSurface(false);
iws.FilmCoefficient = 9.3;
room.AddSurface(iws);
room.SetShortWaveRadiationRate(iws, iws.Area); //放射成分吸収比率を設定
room.SetLongWaveRadiationRate(iws, iws.Area); //放射成分吸収比率を設定
//室温・隣室温度を設定
inWall.AirTemperature2 = ceiling.AirTemperature1 = floor.AirTemperature2 = 25;
//窓を作成
GlassPanes glassPanes = new GlassPanes(0.79, 0.04, 190);
Window window = new Window(glassPanes);
WindowSurface ws = window.GetSurface(true);
ws.FilmCoefficient = 23;
ws.Albedo = 0.2;
window.SurfaceArea = 28;
window.OutSideIncline = new Incline(Incline.Orientation.SW, 0.5 * Math.PI);
ws = window.GetSurface(false);
ws.FilmCoefficient = 9.3;
room.AddWindow(window);
outdoor.AddWindow(window);
window.ShadowRate = 0;
room.SetShortWaveRadiationRate(window, window.SurfaceArea); //放射成分吸収比率を設定
room.SetLongWaveRadiationRate(window, window.SurfaceArea); //放射成分吸収比率を設定
//壁体初期化
inWall.InitializeTemperature(22);
exWall.InitializeTemperature(22);
floor.InitializeTemperature(22);
ceiling.InitializeTemperature(22);
}
/// <summary>壁熱貫流テスト（潜熱蓄熱材）</summary>
private static void wallHeatTransferTest3()
{
//初期温度
const double INIT_TEMP = 35;
//壁層を作成
WallLayers wl = new WallLayers();
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.FrexibleBoard), 0.0165));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("ダミー材料", 1, 1), 0.02));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("ダミー材料", 1, 1), 0.02));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.ExtrudedPolystyreneFoam_3), 0.02));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.Plywood), 0.009));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.AirGap), 0.015));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.Plywood), 0.009));
//壁体を作成
Wall wall = new Wall(wl);
wall.TimeStep = 1200;
wall.AirTemperature1 = 20;
wall.AirTemperature2 = 20;
wall.SurfaceArea = 6.48;
//潜熱蓄熱材1を作成して設定
LatentHeatStorageMaterial material1;
material1 = new LatentHeatStorageMaterial(19, new WallMaterial("パッシブ・スミターマル（凝固）", 0.19, 3.6 * 1400));
material1.AddMaterial(23, new WallMaterial("パッシブ・スミターマル（遷移）", (0.19 + 0.22) / 2d, 15.1 * 1400));
material1.AddMaterial(100, new WallMaterial("パッシブ・スミターマル（融解）", 0.22, 3.6 * 1400));
material1.Initialize(INIT_TEMP);
wall.SetLatentHeatStorageMaterial(1, material1);
//潜熱蓄熱材2を作成して設定
LatentHeatStorageMaterial material2;
material2 = new LatentHeatStorageMaterial(30, new WallMaterial("スミターマル（凝固）", 0.19, 3.6 * 1390));
material2.AddMaterial(32, new WallMaterial("スミターマル（遷移）", (0.19 + 0.22) / 2d, 63.25 * 1400));
material2.AddMaterial(100, new WallMaterial("スミターマル（融解）", 0.22, 3.5 * 1410));
material2.Initialize(INIT_TEMP);
wall.SetLatentHeatStorageMaterial(2, material2);
//潜熱蓄熱材の間に配管を埋設
Tube tube = new Tube(0.84, 0.346, 4186);
wall.AddTube(tube, 1);
tube.SetFlowRate(0);
tube.FluidTemperature = 40;
//壁体温度を初期化
wall.InitializeTemperature(INIT_TEMP);
for (int i = 0; i < wall.Layers.LayerNumber; i++) Console.Write("温度" + i + ", ");
Console.WriteLine("蓄熱量[kJ]");
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++)
{
if (i == 100)
{
tube.SetFlowRate(0.54); //通水開始
wall.AirTemperature1 = 30;
wall.AirTemperature2 = 30;
}
wall.Update();
double[] tmp = wall.GetTemperatures();
for (int j = 0; j < tmp.Length - 1; j++) Console.Write(((tmp[j] + tmp[j + 1]) / 2d).ToString("F1") + ", ");
Console.Write(wall.GetHeatStorage(INIT_TEMP).ToString("F0"));
Console.WriteLine();
}
Console.Read();
}
/// <summary>壁熱貫流テスト（潜熱蓄熱材）</summary>
private static void wallHeatTransferTest4()
{
WallLayers layers = new WallLayers();
WallLayers.Layer layer;
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("コンクリート", 1.4, 1934), 0.060);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("潜熱蓄熱材A", 1.4, 1934), 0.030);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("潜熱蓄熱材B", 1.4, 1934), 0.030);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("コンクリート", 1.4, 1934), 0.060);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
Wall wall = new Wall(layers);
LatentHeatStorageMaterial material = new LatentHeatStorageMaterial(11, new WallMaterial("潜熱蓄熱材A1", 1.4, 1934));
material.AddMaterial(12, new WallMaterial("潜熱蓄熱材A2", 1.4, 1934 * 40));
material.AddMaterial(100, new WallMaterial("潜熱蓄熱材A3", 1.4, 1934));
wall.SetLatentHeatStorageMaterial(1, material);
material = new LatentHeatStorageMaterial(13, new WallMaterial("潜熱蓄熱材B1", 1.4, 1934));
material.AddMaterial(14, new WallMaterial("潜熱蓄熱材B2", 1.4, 1934 * 40));
material.AddMaterial(100, new WallMaterial("潜熱蓄熱材B3", 1.4, 1934));
wall.SetLatentHeatStorageMaterial(2, material);
wall.AirTemperature1 = 20;
wall.AirTemperature2 = 10;
wall.SurfaceArea = 175;
wall.GetSurface(true).ConvectiveRate = 1;
wall.GetSurface(false).ConvectiveRate = 1;
wall.TimeStep = 3600;
StreamWriter sWriter = new StreamWriter("test.csv");
wall.InitializeTemperature(10);
Console.WriteLine("壁面温度[C]");
for (int kkk = 0; kkk < 4; kkk++)
{
if (kkk % 2 == 0) wall.AirTemperature1 = 20;
else wall.AirTemperature1 = 10;
for (int i = 0; i < 24; i++)
{
wall.Update();
double[] tmp = wall.GetTemperatures();
for (int j = 0; j < tmp.Length; j++) Console.Write(tmp[j].ToString("F2").PadLeft(5) + " | ");
Console.WriteLine();
for (int j = 0; j < tmp.Length; j++) sWriter.Write(tmp[j].ToString("F2").PadLeft(5) + " , ");
sWriter.WriteLine();
}
}
sWriter.Close();
Console.Read();
}
/// <summary>壁熱貫流テスト（冷温水配管埋設）</summary>
private static void wallHeatTransferTest2()
{
WallLayers wl = new WallLayers();
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.FrexibleBoard), 0.0165));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("水", 0.59, 4186), 0.02));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("水", 0.59, 4186), 0.02));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.ExtrudedPolystyreneFoam_3), 0.02));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.Plywood), 0.009));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.AirGap), 0.015));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.Plywood), 0.009));
Wall wall = new Wall(wl);
wall.TimeStep = 300;
wall.AirTemperature1 = 20;
wall.AirTemperature2 = 10;
wall.SurfaceArea = 6.48;
//配管を埋設
Tube tube = new Tube(0.84, 0.346, 4186);
wall.AddTube(tube, 1);
tube.SetFlowRate(0); //最初は流量0
tube.FluidTemperature = 30;
wall.InitializeTemperature(20); //壁体温度を初期化
for (int i = 0; i < wall.Layers.LayerNumber; i++) Console.Write("温度" + i + ", ");
Console.WriteLine("配管への熱移動量[W], 配管出口温度[C]");
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
if (i == 50) tube.SetFlowRate(0.54); //通水開始
wall.Update();
double[] tmp = wall.GetTemperatures();
for (int j = 0; j < tmp.Length - 1; j++) Console.Write(((tmp[j] + tmp[j + 1]) / 2d).ToString("F1") + ", ");
Console.Write(wall.GetHeatTransferToTube(1).ToString("F0") + ", " + tube.GetOutletFluidTemperature().ToString("F1"));
Console.WriteLine();
}
Console.Read();
}
/// <summary>壁熱貫流テスト</summary>
private static void wallHeatTransferTest()
{
WallLayers layers = new WallLayers();
WallLayers.Layer layer;
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("合板", 0.19, 716), 0.025);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("コンクリート", 1.4, 1934), 0.120);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("空気層", 1d / 0.086, 0), 0.020);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("ロックウール", 0.042, 84), 0.050);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
Wall wall = new Wall(layers);
wall.TimeStep = 3600;
wall.AirTemperature1 = 20;
wall.AirTemperature2 = 10;
wall.InitializeTemperature(10); //壁体内温度は10℃均一とする
wall.SurfaceArea = 1;
Console.WriteLine("温度分布の推移");
Console.WriteLine("合板, コンクリート, 空気層, ロックウール");
double[] temps;
for (int i = 0; i < 24; i++)
{
wall.Update();
temps = wall.GetTemperatures();
Console.Write((i + 1).ToString("F0").PadLeft(2) + "時間後 | ");
for (int j = 0; j < temps.Length - 1; j++) Console.Write(((temps[j] + temps[j + 1]) / 2d).ToString("F1") + " | ");
Console.WriteLine();
}
//定常状態まで進める
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) wall.Update();
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("定常状態の温度分布");
temps = wall.GetTemperatures();
for (int j = 0; j < temps.Length - 1; j++) Console.Write(((temps[j] + temps[j + 1]) / 2d).ToString("F1") + " | ");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("定常状態の熱流1: " + wall.GetHeatTransfer(true).ToString("F1"));
Console.WriteLine("定常状態の熱流2: " + wall.GetHeatTransfer(false).ToString("F1"));
Console.WriteLine("定常状態の熱流3: " + wall.GetStaticHeatTransfer().ToString("F1"));
Console.Read();
}
/// <summary>Sample program calculating the unsteady heat conduction of wall with latent heat storage material</summary>
private static void wallTest3()
{
//Initial temperature
const double INIT_TEMP = 35;
//Create an instance of WallLayers class
WallLayers wl = new WallLayers();
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.FrexibleBoard), 0.0165));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("dummy", 1, 1), 0.02));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("dummy", 1, 1), 0.02));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.ExtrudedPolystyreneFoam_3), 0.02));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.Plywood), 0.009));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.AirGap), 0.015));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.Plywood), 0.009));
//Create an instance of Wall class
Wall wall = new Wall(wl);
wall.TimeStep = 1200;
wall.AirTemperature1 = 20;
wall.AirTemperature2 = 20;
wall.SurfaceArea = 6.48;
//Create an instance of LatentHeatStorageMaterial class
LatentHeatStorageMaterial pmc1;
pmc1 = new LatentHeatStorageMaterial(19, new WallMaterial("PCM1 (Solid)", 0.19, 3.6 * 1400));
pmc1.AddMaterial(23, new WallMaterial("PCM1 (Two phase)", (0.19 + 0.22) / 2d, 15.1 * 1400));
pmc1.AddMaterial(100, new WallMaterial("PCM1 (Liquid)", 0.22, 3.6 * 1400));
pmc1.Initialize(INIT_TEMP);
//Set PCM to second wall layer
wall.SetLatentHeatStorageMaterial(1, pmc1);
//Create an instance of LatentHeatStorageMaterial class
LatentHeatStorageMaterial pcm2;
pcm2 = new LatentHeatStorageMaterial(30, new WallMaterial("PCM2 (Solid)", 0.19, 3.6 * 1390));
pcm2.AddMaterial(32, new WallMaterial("PCM2 (Two phase)", (0.19 + 0.22) / 2d, 63.25 * 1400));
pcm2.AddMaterial(100, new WallMaterial("PCM2 (Liquid)", 0.22, 3.5 * 1410));
pcm2.Initialize(INIT_TEMP);
//Set PCM to third wall layer
wall.SetLatentHeatStorageMaterial(2, pcm2);
//Install heating tube between PMCs
Tube tube = new Tube(0.84, 0.346, 4186);
wall.AddTube(tube, 1);
tube.SetFlowRate(0);
tube.FluidTemperature = 40;
//Initialize wall temperature
wall.InitializeTemperature(INIT_TEMP);
for (int i = 0; i < wall.Layers.LayerNumber; i++) Console.Write("Temperature" + i + ", ");
Console.WriteLine("Heat storage[kJ]");
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++)
{
if (i == 100)
{
tube.SetFlowRate(0.54); //Start heating
wall.AirTemperature1 = 30;
wall.AirTemperature2 = 30;
}
wall.Update();
double[] tmp = wall.GetTemperatures();
for (int j = 0; j < tmp.Length - 1; j++) Console.Write(((tmp[j] + tmp[j + 1]) / 2d).ToString("F1") + ", ");
Console.Write(wall.GetHeatStorage(INIT_TEMP).ToString("F0"));
Console.WriteLine();
}
Console.Read();
}
/// <summary>Sample program calculating the unsteady heat conduction of wall with heating tube</summary>
private static void wallTest2()
{
WallLayers wl = new WallLayers();
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.FrexibleBoard), 0.0165));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("Water", 0.59, 4186), 0.02));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("Water", 0.59, 4186), 0.02));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.ExtrudedPolystyreneFoam_3), 0.02));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.Plywood), 0.009));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.AirGap), 0.015));
wl.AddLayer(new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial(WallMaterial.PredefinedMaterials.Plywood), 0.009));
Wall wall = new Wall(wl);
wall.TimeStep = 300;
wall.AirTemperature1 = 20;
wall.AirTemperature2 = 10;
wall.SurfaceArea = 6.48;
Tube tube = new Tube(0.84, 0.346, 4186);
//installing tube to wall
wall.AddTube(tube, 1);
tube.SetFlowRate(0); //initial flow rate is 0 kg/s
tube.FluidTemperature = 30;
wall.InitializeTemperature(20); //initialize temperature of the wall
for (int i = 0; i < wall.Layers.LayerNumber; i++) Console.Write("temperature" + i + ", ");
Console.WriteLine("heat transfer to the tube[W], outlet temperature of fluid[C]");
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
if (i == 50) tube.SetFlowRate(0.54); //start heating
wall.Update();
double[] tmp = wall.GetTemperatures();
for (int j = 0; j < tmp.Length - 1; j++) Console.Write(((tmp[j] + tmp[j + 1]) / 2d).ToString("F1") + ", ");
Console.Write(wall.GetHeatTransferToTube(1).ToString("F0") + ", " + tube.GetOutletFluidTemperature().ToString("F1"));
Console.WriteLine();
}
Console.Read();
}
/// <summary>Sample program calculating the unsteady heat conduction of wall</summary>
private static void wallTest1()
{
WallLayers layers = new WallLayers();
WallLayers.Layer layer;
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("Plywood", 0.19, 716), 0.025);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("Concrete", 1.4, 1934), 0.120);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("Air gap", 1d / 0.086, 0), 0.020);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
layer = new WallLayers.Layer(new WallMaterial("Rock wool", 0.042, 84), 0.050);
layers.AddLayer(layer);
Wall wall = new Wall(layers);
wall.TimeStep = 3600;
wall.AirTemperature1 = 20;
wall.AirTemperature2 = 10;
wall.InitializeTemperature(10); //Initial temperature is 10 C
wall.SurfaceArea = 1;
Console.WriteLine("Plywood, Concrete, Air gap, Rock wool");
double[] temps;
for (int i = 0; i < 24; i++)
{
wall.Update();
temps = wall.GetTemperatures();
Console.Write((i + 1).ToString("F0").PadLeft(2) + "Hour | ");
for (int j = 0; j < temps.Length - 1; j++) Console.Write(((temps[j] + temps[j + 1]) / 2d).ToString("F1") + " | ");
Console.WriteLine();
}
//Iterate until wall become steady state
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) wall.Update();
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Steady state");
temps = wall.GetTemperatures();
for (int j = 0; j < temps.Length - 1; j++) Console.Write(((temps[j] + temps[j + 1]) / 2d).ToString("F1") + " | ");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Heat transfer at steady state 1: " + wall.GetHeatTransfer(true).ToString("F1"));
Console.WriteLine("Heat transfer at steady state 2: " + wall.GetHeatTransfer(false).ToString("F1"));
Console.WriteLine("Heat transfer at steady state 3: " + wall.GetStaticHeatTransfer().ToString("F1"));
Console.Read();
}
