/// <summary>
/// Initialises a new instance of the MoreComplexDataStructures.DoublyLinkedTreeNode class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="item">The item held by the node.</param>
/// <param name="parentNode">The parent node of this node.</param>
public DoublyLinkedTreeNode(T item, DoublyLinkedTreeNode <T> parentNode)
: base(item)
{
this.parentNode = parentNode;
leftChildNode = null;
rightChildNode = null;
}
/// <summary>
/// Adds the specified item to the heap.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="item">The item to add.</param>
public override void Insert(T item)
{
if (rootNode == null)
{
rootNode = new DoublyLinkedTreeNode <T>(item, null);
}
else
{
// Navigate to the parent of the next insert position
Int32 nextInsertPositionParentHorizontalPosition = Convert.ToInt32(Math.Ceiling(Convert.ToDouble(nextInsertHorizontalPosition) / 2.0));
DoublyLinkedTreeNode <T> parentNode = TraverseToPosition(nextInsertDepth - 1, nextInsertPositionParentHorizontalPosition);
// Create the new node
DoublyLinkedTreeNode <T> newNode = new DoublyLinkedTreeNode <T>(item, parentNode);
// If nextInsertHorizontalPosition has a remainder after division by 2 insert on the left, otherwise insert on the right
if ((Convert.ToDouble(nextInsertHorizontalPosition) % 2) != 0)
{
parentNode.LeftChildNode = newNode;
}
else
{
parentNode.RightChildNode = newNode;
}
// Traverse up the tree to preserve the correct ordering. Keep traversing and swapping values with the parent until the parent item is greater than the child item.
DoublyLinkedTreeNode <T> currentNode = newNode;
while (currentNode.ParentNode != null && currentNode.Item.CompareTo(currentNode.ParentNode.Item) >= 1)
{
// Swap the values
T tempItem = currentNode.Item;
currentNode.Item = currentNode.ParentNode.Item;
currentNode.ParentNode.Item = tempItem;
currentNode = currentNode.ParentNode;
}
}
IncrementNextInsertPosition();
count++;
}
/// <summary>
/// Performs breadth-first search of the tree underlying the heap, invoking the specified action at each node.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="nodeAction">The action to perform at each node. Accepts a single parameter which is the current node to perform the action on.</param>
public void BreadthFirstSearch(Action <DoublyLinkedTreeNode <T> > nodeAction)
{
Queue <DoublyLinkedTreeNode <T> > traversalQueue = new Queue <DoublyLinkedTreeNode <T> >();
if (rootNode != null)
{
traversalQueue.Enqueue(rootNode);
}
while (traversalQueue.Count > 0)
{
DoublyLinkedTreeNode <T> currentNode = traversalQueue.Dequeue();
nodeAction.Invoke(currentNode);
if (currentNode.LeftChildNode != null)
{
traversalQueue.Enqueue(currentNode.LeftChildNode);
}
if (currentNode.RightChildNode != null)
{
traversalQueue.Enqueue(currentNode.RightChildNode);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Removes and returns the maxmimum item in the heap.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The maxmimum item in the heap.</returns>
public T ExtractMax()
{
T returnItem = default(T);
CheckNotEmpty();
if (count == 1)
{
returnItem = rootNode.Item;
rootNode = null;
}
else
{
returnItem = rootNode.Item;
// Find the position in the tree which was the last inserted to
Tuple <Int32, Int32> previousPosition = CalculatePreviousPosition(nextInsertDepth, nextInsertHorizontalPosition);
Int32 previoustDepth = previousPosition.Item1;
Int32 previoustHorizontalPosition = previousPosition.Item2;
// Get the node at this position
DoublyLinkedTreeNode <T> lastInsertedNode = TraverseToPosition(previoustDepth, previoustHorizontalPosition);
// Set root node's value to that of the last inserted node
rootNode.Item = lastInsertedNode.Item;
// Remove the last inserted node from the tree
if (lastInsertedNode.ParentNode.LeftChildNode == lastInsertedNode)
{
lastInsertedNode.ParentNode.LeftChildNode = null;
}
else
{
lastInsertedNode.ParentNode.RightChildNode = null;
}
// Traverse down the tree to preserve the proper ordering
DoublyLinkedTreeNode <T> currentNode = rootNode;
Boolean keepTraversing = true;
// Need to keep traversing until either of the following conditions are true...
// Both child nodes of currentNode are null
// The items of both child nodes of currentNode are less then currentNode's item
while (keepTraversing == true)
{
// If currentNode is not the root, swap its item with its parent
if (currentNode.ParentNode != null)
{
T tempItem = currentNode.ParentNode.Item;
currentNode.ParentNode.Item = currentNode.Item;
currentNode.Item = tempItem;
}
if (currentNode.LeftChildNode == null && currentNode.RightChildNode == null)
{
keepTraversing = false;
}
else if (currentNode.RightChildNode == null)
{
// Traverse to the left child if it's item is greater than currentNode's item
if (currentNode.Item.CompareTo(currentNode.LeftChildNode.Item) < 0)
{
currentNode = currentNode.LeftChildNode;
}
else
{
keepTraversing = false;
}
}
// TODO: If the tree structure is properly maintained, this else branch will never be used (impossible to have a tree node which has a right child, but no left child)
// Consider removing this branch once functionality is solid
else if (currentNode.LeftChildNode == null)
{
// Traverse to the right child if it's item is greater than currentNode's item
if (currentNode.Item.CompareTo(currentNode.RightChildNode.Item) < 0)
{
currentNode = currentNode.RightChildNode;
}
else
{
keepTraversing = false;
}
}
else
{
if (currentNode.Item.CompareTo(currentNode.LeftChildNode.Item) < 0 || currentNode.Item.CompareTo(currentNode.RightChildNode.Item) < 0)
{
// Traverse to the node with the higher value
if (currentNode.LeftChildNode.Item.CompareTo(currentNode.RightChildNode.Item) > 0)
{
currentNode = currentNode.LeftChildNode;
}
else
{
currentNode = currentNode.RightChildNode;
}
}
else
{
keepTraversing = false;
}
}
}
}
DecrementNextInsertPosition();
count--;
return(returnItem);
}