/// <summary>
        /// Parses the key properties based on the segment's target type, then creates a new segment for the key.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="segment">The segment to apply the key to.</param>
        /// <param name="previousKeySegment">The parent node's key segment.</param>
        /// <param name="key">The key to apply.</param>
        /// <param name="resolver">The resolver to use.</param>
        /// <returns>The newly created key segment.</returns>
        private static KeySegment CreateKeySegment(ODataPathSegment segment, KeySegment previousKeySegment, SegmentArgumentParser key, ODataUriResolver resolver)
        {
            Debug.Assert(segment != null, "segment != null");
            Debug.Assert(key != null && !key.IsEmpty, "key != null && !key.IsEmpty");
            Debug.Assert(segment.SingleResult == false, "segment.SingleResult == false");

            IEdmEntityType targetEntityType = null;
            if (!(segment.TargetEdmType != null && segment.TargetEdmType.IsEntityOrEntityCollectionType(out targetEntityType)))
            {
                throw ExceptionUtil.CreateSyntaxError();
            }

            Debug.Assert(targetEntityType != null, "targetEntityType != null");

            // Make sure the keys specified in the uri matches with the number of keys in the metadata
            var keyProperties = targetEntityType.Key().ToList();
            if (keyProperties.Count != key.ValueCount)
            {
                NavigationPropertySegment currentNavPropSegment = segment as NavigationPropertySegment;
                if (currentNavPropSegment != null)
                {
                    key = KeyFinder.FindAndUseKeysFromRelatedSegment(key, keyProperties, currentNavPropSegment.NavigationProperty, previousKeySegment);
                }

                // if we still didn't find any keys, then throw an error.
                if (keyProperties.Count != key.ValueCount && resolver.GetType() == typeof(ODataUriResolver))
                {
                    throw ExceptionUtil.CreateBadRequestError(ErrorStrings.BadRequest_KeyCountMismatch(targetEntityType.FullName()));
                }
            }

            if (!key.AreValuesNamed && key.ValueCount > 1 && resolver.GetType() == typeof(ODataUriResolver))
            {
                throw ExceptionUtil.CreateBadRequestError(ErrorStrings.RequestUriProcessor_KeysMustBeNamed);
            }

            IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, object>> keyPairs;
            if (!key.TryConvertValues(targetEntityType, out keyPairs, resolver))
            {
                throw ExceptionUtil.CreateSyntaxError();
            }

            IEdmEntityType entityType;
            bool isEntity = segment.TargetEdmType.IsEntityOrEntityCollectionType(out entityType);
            Debug.Assert(isEntity, "Key target type should be an entity type.");

            var keySegment = new KeySegment(keyPairs, entityType, segment.TargetEdmNavigationSource);
            keySegment.CopyValuesFrom(segment);
            keySegment.SingleResult = true;

            return keySegment;
        }
        internal static bool ResolveOperationFromList(string identifier, IEnumerable<string> parameterNames, IEdmType bindingType, IEdmModel model, out IEdmOperation matchingOperation, ODataUriResolver resolver)
        {
            // TODO: update code that is duplicate between operation and operation import, add more tests.
            // If the previous segment is an open type, the service action name is required to be fully qualified or else we always treat it as an open property name.
            if (bindingType != null)
            {
                // TODO: look up actual container names here?
                // When using extension, there may be function call with unqualified name. So loose the restriction here.
                if (bindingType.IsOpenType() && !identifier.Contains(".") && resolver.GetType() == typeof(ODataUriResolver))
                {
                    matchingOperation = null;
                    return false;
                }
            }

            IList<IEdmOperation> candidateMatchingOperations = null;

            // The extension method FindBoundOperations & FindOperations call IEdmModel.FindDeclaredBoundOperations which can be implemented by anyone and it could throw any type of exception
            // so catching all of them and simply putting it in the inner exception.
            try
            {
                if (bindingType != null)
                {
                    candidateMatchingOperations = resolver.ResolveBoundOperations(model, identifier, bindingType).ToList();
                }
                else
                {
                    candidateMatchingOperations = resolver.ResolveUnboundOperations(model, identifier).ToList();
                }
            }
            catch (Exception exc)
            {
                if (ExceptionUtils.IsCatchableExceptionType(exc))
                {
                    throw new ODataException(ODataErrorStrings.FunctionOverloadResolver_FoundInvalidOperation(identifier), exc);
                }

                throw;
            }

            IList<IEdmAction> foundActionsWhenLookingForFunctions = new List<IEdmAction>();
            int parameterNamesCount = parameterNames.Count();

            if (bindingType != null)
            {
                candidateMatchingOperations = candidateMatchingOperations.EnsureOperationsBoundWithBindingParameter().ToList();
            }

            // If the number of parameters > 0 then this has to be a function as actions can't have parameters on the uri only in the payload. Filter further by parameters in this case, otherwise don't.
            if (parameterNamesCount > 0)
            {
                // can only be a function as only functions have parameters on the uri.
                candidateMatchingOperations = candidateMatchingOperations.RemoveActions(out foundActionsWhenLookingForFunctions).FilterFunctionsByParameterNames(parameterNames, resolver.EnableCaseInsensitive).Cast<IEdmOperation>().ToList();
            }
            else if (bindingType != null)
            {
                // Filter out functions with more than one parameter. Actions should not be filtered as the parameters are in the payload not the uri
                candidateMatchingOperations = candidateMatchingOperations.Where(o => (o.IsFunction() && o.Parameters.Count() == 1) || o.IsAction()).ToList();
            }
            else
            {
                // Filter out functions with any parameters
                candidateMatchingOperations = candidateMatchingOperations.Where(o => (o.IsFunction() && !o.Parameters.Any()) || o.IsAction()).ToList();
            }

            // Only filter if there is more than one and its needed.
            if (candidateMatchingOperations.Count > 1)
            {
                candidateMatchingOperations = candidateMatchingOperations.FilterBoundOperationsWithSameTypeHierarchyToTypeClosestToBindingType(bindingType).ToList();
            }

            // If any of the things returned are an action, it better be the only thing returned, and there can't be parameters in the URL
            if (candidateMatchingOperations.Any(f => f.IsAction()))
            {
                if (candidateMatchingOperations.Count > 1)
                {
                    if (candidateMatchingOperations.Any(o => o.IsFunction()))
                    {
                        throw new ODataException(ODataErrorStrings.FunctionOverloadResolver_MultipleOperationOverloads(identifier));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        throw new ODataException(ODataErrorStrings.FunctionOverloadResolver_MultipleActionOverloads(identifier));
                    }
                }

                if (parameterNames.Count() != 0)
                {
                    throw ExceptionUtil.CreateBadRequestError(ODataErrorStrings.RequestUriProcessor_SegmentDoesNotSupportKeyPredicates(identifier));
                }

                matchingOperation = candidateMatchingOperations.Single();
                return true;
            }

            if (foundActionsWhenLookingForFunctions.Count > 0)
            {
                throw ExceptionUtil.CreateBadRequestError(ODataErrorStrings.RequestUriProcessor_SegmentDoesNotSupportKeyPredicates(identifier));
            }

            if (candidateMatchingOperations.Count > 1)
            {
                throw new ODataException(ODataErrorStrings.FunctionOverloadResolver_NoSingleMatchFound(identifier, string.Join(",", parameterNames.ToArray())));
            }

            matchingOperation = candidateMatchingOperations.SingleOrDefault();
            return matchingOperation != null;
        }