public override double GetIntersection(Ray ray)
{
double t1, t2;
double A, A2, B, C, D, sqrtD;
// move ray instead of sphere - same effect
ray.Origin.X -= this.Position.X;
ray.Origin.Y -= this.Position.Y;
ray.Origin.Z -= this.Position.Z;
// solve quadratic equation:
C = Utils.Sqr(ray.Origin.X) + Utils.Sqr(ray.Origin.Y) + Utils.Sqr(ray.Origin.Z) - Utils.Sqr(Radius);
A = Utils.Sqr(ray.Direction.X) + Utils.Sqr(ray.Direction.Y) + Utils.Sqr(ray.Direction.Z);
B = 2 * ray.Origin.Dot(ray.Direction);
D = B * B - 4 * A * C;
if (D < 0)
{
// no solution
return Constants.Infinity;
}
else
{
sqrtD = Math.Sqrt(D);
A2 = 2 * A;
t1 = (-B + sqrtD) / A2;
t2 = (-B - sqrtD) / A2;
t1 = Math.Min(t1, t2);
return t1;
}
}
public override double GetIntersection(Ray ray)
{
double dot = Normal.Dot(ray.Direction);
// parallel to the plane ?
if (Math.Abs(dot) < Constants.Epsilon)
{
return Constants.Infinity;
}
else
{
// linear equation
double t = -(Normal.Dot(ray.Origin) + this.D) / dot;
return t;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets lightness and specular ligthness at given point in the scene.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="specularLightness">Returned specular lightness.</param>
/// <param name="pos">Point in space where to calc ligthness.</param>
/// <param name="reflectionDir">Direction of reflection.</param>
/// <param name="normalDir">Direction of normal.</param>
/// <param name="surfaceSpecular">Specular of the material.</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private Color lightColorAt(Vector pos, out double specularLightness, Vector vReflection, Vector normal, double surfaceSpecular)
{
Ray shadowRay = new Ray();
shadowRay.Origin = pos;
Color result = Color.Black;
specularLightness = 0.0;
foreach (Light light in this.lights)
{
int visibleRayCount = 0;
// test all rays to this light
for (int i = 0; i < light.GetRayCount(); i++)
{
shadowRay.Direction = light.GetNextRaySource() - shadowRay.Origin;
// only front sides get lit
if (shadowRay.Direction.Dot(normal) >= Constants.Epsilon)
{
double isectDistance = 0;
objects.GetClosestIntersection(ref shadowRay, out isectDistance);
//double isectDistance2 = isectDistance * isectDistance;
//light visible from pos?
//if (!(isectDistance2 > Constants.Epsilon && isectDistance2 < shadowRay.Direction.LenSquared - Constants.Epsilon))
double lightDist2 = shadowRay.Direction.LenSquared;
shadowRay.Direction.Normalize();
if (!(isectDistance > Constants.Epsilon && isectDistance*isectDistance < lightDist2 - Constants.Epsilon))
{
visibleRayCount++;
Vector reflectionNorm = vReflection;
reflectionNorm.Normalize();
// is reflected ray pointing towards light?
double specularDot = reflectionNorm.Dot(shadowRay.Direction);
if (specularDot > -Constants.Epsilon)
{
specularDot *= specularDot;
specularDot *= specularDot;
specularDot *= specularDot;
specularDot *= specularDot;
specularDot *= specularDot; // ^32
specularLightness += specularDot;
}
}
}
}
result = Color.Combine(result, 1.0, light.Color,
visibleRayCount / (double)light.GetRayCount() * light.Value * shadowRay.Direction.Dot(normal));
}
specularLightness *= surfaceSpecular;
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets color by shooting a ray into scene. Recursive.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ray"></param>
/// <param name="depth">Current depth of recursion (0 is primary ray).</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public Color tracePixel(Ray ray, int depth)
{
double isectDistance = Constants.Infinity;
Primitive closest = objects.GetClosestIntersection(ref ray, out isectDistance);
if (closest == null)
{
return this.settings.FillColor;
}
else
{
Vector isectPoint = ray.Origin + isectDistance * ray.Direction;
Vector normal = closest.GetNormalAt(isectPoint);
Material material = closest.GetMaterialAt(isectPoint);
// reflection = v - 2*(v dot n)*n
Vector vReflection = ray.Direction - (2 * normal.Dot(ray.Direction)) * normal;
double specularLightness = 0.0;
Color lightColor = lightColorAt(isectPoint, out specularLightness, vReflection, normal, material.Specular);
Color primaryColor = material.Color * lightColor;
Color reflectedColor = new Color();
Color alphaColor = new Color();
double reflectance = material.Reflectance;
double opacity = material.Color.A;
if (depth < Scene.maxRecursionDepth && reflectance > Constants.Epsilon)
{
Ray rayReflection;
rayReflection.Direction = vReflection;
// move by a small epsilon along reflection vector
rayReflection.Origin = isectPoint + (Constants.Epsilon * vReflection);
reflectedColor = tracePixel(rayReflection, depth + 1);
}
if (depth < Scene.maxRecursionDepth && opacity < 1.0 - Constants.Epsilon)
{
Ray rayAlpha;
// direction remains the same
rayAlpha.Direction = ray.Direction;
// progress by small epsilon forward
rayAlpha.Origin = isectPoint + (2 * Constants.Epsilon * rayAlpha.Direction);
alphaColor = tracePixel(rayAlpha, depth + 1);
}
// first reflection, then alpha (transparent mirror is still transparent)
Color withoutAlpha = Color.Combine(primaryColor, 1 - reflectance, reflectedColor, reflectance);
return Color.Combine(withoutAlpha, opacity, alphaColor, 1 - opacity) * (1 + specularLightness);
// first alpha, then reflection (transparent mirror is still a mirror)
/*Color withoutReflection = ColorCombine(primaryColor, opacity, alphaColor, 1 - opacity);
return ColorCombine(withoutReflection, 1 - reflectance, reflectedColor, reflectance);*/
}
}
public void Render(System.Drawing.Rectangle rect, Color[] buffer)
{
if (this.settings == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException("Scene settings must be set before rendering.");
}
if (buffer.Length != rect.Width * rect.Height)
throw new InvalidOperationException("Buffer must be same size as the rectangle to render");
Vector eye = settings.View.Origin;
Ray ray;
ray.Origin = eye;
Parallel.For(0, rect.Height, delegate(int y)
{
int x = 0;
for (x = 0; x < rect.Width; x++)
{
Vector rayEnd =
// origin + linear combination of topSide (for x) and leftSide (for y)
this.settings.View.RenderRectOrigin +
((rect.Left + x) / (double)this.settings.ImageWidth) * this.settings.View.RenderRectTopSide +
((rect.Top + y) / (double)this.settings.ImageHeight) * this.settings.View.RenderRectLeftSide;
Ray r = new Ray();
r.Origin = ray.Origin;
r.Direction = rayEnd - r.Origin;
if (x == 92 && y == 76)
{
int a = 5;
int b = a;
if (b == 300)
throw new Exception();
}
Color c = this.tracePixel(r, 0);
int bufIndex = x + y * rect.Width;
// concurrent writing
lock (this)
{
buffer[bufIndex] = c;
}
}
});
}
public override double GetIntersection(Ray ray)
{
double distance = this.plane.GetIntersection(ray);
if (distance < Constants.Epsilon)
return Constants.Infinity;
Vector isect = Vector.Combine(ray.Origin, 1.0, ray.Direction, distance);
// insert point into plane equation,
// test if it lies on negative side -> outside triangle
if (bounds[0].liesOnNegativeSide(ref isect))
return Constants.Infinity;
if (bounds[1].liesOnNegativeSide(ref isect))
return Constants.Infinity;
if (bounds[2].liesOnNegativeSide(ref isect))
return Constants.Infinity;
return distance;
}
static double intersectPlaneZ(Ray ray, double planeZ)
{
return intersectPlane(ray.Origin.Z, ray.Direction.Z, planeZ);
}
/// <summary>
/// Intersects ray with plane with normal in X axis coming through point [x,0,0].
/// </summary>
static double intersectPlaneX(Ray ray, double planeX)
{
return intersectPlane(ray.Origin.X, ray.Direction.X, planeX);
}
static double intersectPlaneY(Ray ray, double planeY)
{
return intersectPlane(ray.Origin.Y, ray.Direction.Y, planeY);
}
public double GetIntersection(Ray ray)
{
// find largest tNear, smallest tFar
double tNear = -Constants.Infinity;
double tFar = Constants.Infinity;
double t1, t2;
// for x, y, z
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
// intersect in one axis
// TODO t1 = intersectPlane(ref ray, ref this.LeftTopFront, i);
//lock (typeof(BoundingBox))
{
t1 = planeIntersectors[i](ray, this.LeftTopFront[i]);
}
// ray parallel to planes
if (t1 == Constants.Infinity)
{
//lock (typeof(BoundingBox))
{
// ray outside the box
if (ray.Origin[i] < this.LeftTopFront[i] || ray.Origin[i] > this.RightBottomBack[i])
return Constants.Infinity;
}
}
else
{
//lock (typeof(BoundingBox))
{
// TODO t2 = intersectPlane(ref ray, ref this.RightBottomBack , i);
t2 = planeIntersectors[i](ray, this.RightBottomBack[i]);
if (t1 > t2) Utils.Swap<double>(ref t1, ref t2);
// want largest near intersection
tNear = Math.Max(t1, tNear);
// want smallest far intersection
tFar = Math.Min(t2, tFar);
}
}
// box missed
if (tNear > tFar)
return Constants.Infinity;
// box is behind
if (tFar < -Constants.Epsilon)
return Constants.Infinity;
}
return tNear;
}
public override double GetIntersection(Ray ray)
{
return this.box.GetIntersection(ray);
}
public Primitive GetClosestIntersection(ref Ray ray, out double distance)
{
LinkedList<OctreeNode> hitNodes = new LinkedList<OctreeNode>();
if (root.boundingBox.GetIntersection(ray) != Constants.Infinity)
{
traverse(root, ray, hitNodes);
}
Primitive foundPrimitive = null;
double minDist = Constants.Infinity;
foreach (OctreeNode node in hitNodes)
{
double d = 0;
Primitive p = node.primitives.GetClosestIntersection(ref ray, out d);
if (d < minDist)
{
minDist = d;
foundPrimitive = p;
}
}
// test big objects
double dBig = 0;
Primitive pBig = bigObjects.GetClosestIntersection(ref ray, out dBig);
if (dBig < minDist)
{
minDist = dBig;
foundPrimitive = pBig;
}
distance = minDist;
return foundPrimitive;
}
// returns all leaf nodes hit by the ray
private void traverse(OctreeNode node, Ray ray, LinkedList<OctreeNode> list)
{
if (node.primitives != null)
{
list.AddLast(node);
}
if (node.childs != null)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
if (node.childs[i].boundingBox.GetIntersection(ray) != Constants.Infinity)
{
traverse(node.childs[i], ray, list);
}
}
}
}
/// <summary> /// Finds intersection of this object with given ray. /// </summary> /// <param name="ray">Ray to intersect with.</param> /// <returns>Distance as ray.Direction multiplier, can be negative.</returns> public abstract double GetIntersection(Ray ray);