public static void Main(string[] args)
{
// check that arguments have been supplied
if (args.Length != 2) {
Console.WriteLine("missing args");
System.Environment.Exit(1);
}
// attempt to open data file
InFile data = new InFile(args[0]);
if (data.OpenError()) {
Console.WriteLine("cannot open " + args[0]);
System.Environment.Exit(1);
}
// attempt to open results file
OutFile results = new OutFile(args[1]);
if (results.OpenError()) {
Console.WriteLine("cannot open " + args[1]);
System.Environment.Exit(1);
}
// various initializations
int total = 0;
IntSet mySet = new IntSet();
IntSet smallSet = new IntSet(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
string smallSetStr = smallSet.ToString();
// read and process data file
int item = data.ReadInt();
while (!data.NoMoreData()) {
total = total + item;
if (item > 0) mySet.Incl(item);
item = data.ReadInt();
}
// write various results to output file
results.Write("total = ");
results.WriteLine(total, 5);
results.WriteLine("unique positive numbers " + mySet.ToString());
results.WriteLine("union with " + smallSetStr
+ " = " + mySet.Union(smallSet).ToString());
results.WriteLine("intersection with " + smallSetStr
+ " = " + mySet.Intersection(smallSet).ToString());
results.Close();
}
static void Trace(OutFile results, int pcNow)
{
// Simple trace facility for run time debugging
results.Write(" PC:"); results.Write(pcNow, 5);
results.Write(" FP:"); results.Write(cpu.fp, 5);
results.Write(" SP:"); results.Write(cpu.sp, 5);
results.Write(" HP:"); results.Write(cpu.hp, 5);
results.Write(" TOS:");
if (cpu.sp < memSize)
results.Write(mem[cpu.sp], 5);
else
results.Write(" ????");
results.Write(" " + mnemonics[cpu.ir], -8);
switch (cpu.ir) {
case PVM.brn:
case PVM.bze:
case PVM.dsp:
case PVM.lda:
case PVM.ldc:
case PVM.prns:
results.Write(mem[cpu.pc], 7); break;
default: break;
}
results.WriteLine();
}
static void StackDump(OutFile results, int pcNow)
{
// Dump local variable and stack area - useful for debugging
int onLine = 0;
results.Write("\nStack dump at " + pcNow);
results.Write(" SP:"); results.Write(cpu.sp, 4);
results.Write(" FP:"); results.Write(cpu.fp, 4);
results.Write(" HP:"); results.Write(cpu.hp, 4);
results.Write(" HB:"); results.WriteLine(heapBase, 4);
for (int i = stackBase - 1; i >= cpu.sp; i--) {
results.Write(i, 7); results.Write(mem[i], 5);
onLine++; if (onLine % 8 == 0) results.WriteLine();
}
results.WriteLine();
}
static void PostMortem(OutFile results, int pcNow)
{
// Reports run time error and position
results.WriteLine();
switch (ps) {
case badMem: results.Write("Memory violation"); break;
case badData: results.Write("Invalid data"); break;
case noData: results.Write("No more data"); break;
case divZero: results.Write("Division by zero"); break;
case badOp: results.Write("Illegal opcode"); break;
case badInd: results.Write("Subscript out of range"); break;
case badVal: results.Write("Value out of range"); break;
case badAdr: results.Write("Bad address"); break;
case badAll: results.Write("Heap allocation error"); break;
case nullRef: results.Write("Null reference"); break;
default: results.Write("Interpreter error!"); break;
}
results.WriteLine(" at " + pcNow);
}
static void HeapDump(OutFile results, int pcNow)
{
// Dump heap area - useful for debugging
int onLine = 0;
results.Write("\nHeap dump at " + pcNow);
results.Write(" SP:"); results.Write(cpu.sp, 4);
results.Write(" FP:"); results.Write(cpu.fp, 4);
results.Write(" HP:"); results.Write(cpu.hp, 4);
results.Write(" HB:"); results.WriteLine(heapBase, 4);
for (int i = heapBase; i < cpu.hp; i++) {
results.Write(i, 7); results.Write(mem[i], 5);
onLine++; if (onLine % 8 == 0) results.WriteLine();
}
results.WriteLine();
}
public static void QuickInterpret(int codeLen, int initSP)
{
// Interprets the codeLen instructions stored in mem, with stack pointer
// initialized to initSP. Use StdIn and StdOut without asking
Console.WriteLine("\nHit <Enter> to start");
Console.ReadLine();
bool tracing = false;
InFile data = new InFile("");
OutFile results = new OutFile("");
Emulator(0, codeLen, initSP, data, results, tracing);
}
public static void ListCode(string fileName, int codeLen)
{
// Lists the codeLen instructions stored in mem on a named output file
int i, j, n;
if (fileName == null) return;
OutFile codeFile = new OutFile(fileName);
/* ------------- The following may be useful for debugging the interpreter
i = 0;
while (i < codeLen) {
codeFile.Write(mem[i], 5);
if ((i + 1) % 15 == 0) codeFile.WriteLine();
i++;
}
codeFile.WriteLine();
------------- */
i = 0;
codeFile.WriteLine("ASSEM\nBEGIN");
while (i < codeLen) {
int o = mem[i] % (PVM.nul + 1); // force in range
codeFile.Write(" {");
codeFile.Write(i, 5);
codeFile.Write(" } ");
codeFile.Write(mnemonics[o], -8);
switch (o) {
case PVM.brn:
case PVM.bze:
case PVM.dsp:
case PVM.lda:
case PVM.ldc:
i = (i + 1) % memSize; codeFile.Write(mem[i]);
break;
case PVM.prns:
i = (i + 1) % memSize;
j = mem[i]; codeFile.Write(" \"");
while (mem[j] != 0) {
switch (mem[j]) {
case '\\' : codeFile.Write("\\\\"); break;
case '\"' : codeFile.Write("\\\""); break;
case '\'' : codeFile.Write("\\\'"); break;
case '\b' : codeFile.Write("\\b"); break;
case '\t' : codeFile.Write("\\t"); break;
case '\n' : codeFile.Write("\\n"); break;
case '\f' : codeFile.Write("\\f"); break;
case '\r' : codeFile.Write("\\r"); break;
default : codeFile.Write((char) mem[j]); break;
}
j--;
}
codeFile.Write("\"");
break;
}
i = (i + 1) % memSize;
codeFile.WriteLine();
}
codeFile.WriteLine("END.");
codeFile.Close();
}
public static void Interpret(int codeLen, int initSP)
{
// Interactively opens data and results files. Then interprets the codeLen
// instructions stored in mem, with stack pointer initialized to initSP
Console.Write("\nTrace execution (y/N/q)? ");
char reply = (Console.ReadLine() + " ").ToUpper()[0];
if (reply != 'Q') {
bool tracing = reply == 'Y';
Console.Write("\nData file [STDIN] ? ");
InFile data = new InFile(Console.ReadLine());
Console.Write("\nResults file [STDOUT] ? ");
OutFile results = new OutFile(Console.ReadLine());
Emulator(0, codeLen, initSP, data, results, tracing);
results.Close();
data.Close();
}
}
public static void Emulator(int initPC, int codeLen, int initSP,
InFile data, OutFile results, bool tracing)
{
// Emulates action of the codeLen instructions stored in mem[0 .. codeLen-1], with
// program counter initialized to initPC, stack pointer initialized to initSP.
// data and results are used for I/O. Tracing at the code level may be requested
int pcNow; // current program counter
int loop; // internal loops
int tos, sos; // value popped from stack
int adr; // effective address for memory accesses
stackBase = initSP;
heapBase = codeLen; // initialize boundaries
cpu.hp = heapBase; // initialize registers
cpu.sp = stackBase;
cpu.gp = stackBase;
cpu.mp = stackBase;
cpu.fp = stackBase;
cpu.pc = initPC; // initialize program counter
ps = running; // prepare to execute
int ops = 0;
timer.Start();
do {
ops++;
pcNow = cpu.pc; // retain for tracing/postmortem
if (cpu.pc < 0 || cpu.pc >= codeLen) {
ps = badAdr;
break;
}
cpu.ir = Next(); // fetch
if (tracing) Trace(results, pcNow);
switch (cpu.ir) { // execute
case PVM.nop: // no operation
break;
case PVM.dsp: // decrement stack pointer (allocate space for variables)
int localSpace = Next();
cpu.sp -= localSpace;
if (InBounds(cpu.sp)) // initialize
for (loop = 0; loop < localSpace; loop++)
mem[cpu.sp + loop] = 0;
break;
case PVM.ldc: // push constant value
Push(Next());
break;
case PVM.lda: // push local address
adr = cpu.fp - 1 - Next();
if (InBounds(adr)) Push(adr);
break;
case PVM.ldv: // dereference
Push(mem[Pop()]);
break;
case PVM.sto: // store
tos = Pop(); adr = Pop();
if (InBounds(adr)) mem[adr] = tos;
break;
case PVM.ldxa: // heap array indexing
adr = Pop();
int heapPtr = Pop();
if (heapPtr == 0) ps = nullRef;
else if (heapPtr < heapBase || heapPtr >= cpu.hp) ps = badMem;
else if (adr < 0 || adr >= mem[heapPtr]) ps = badInd;
else Push(heapPtr + adr + 1);
break;
case PVM.inpi: // integer input
adr = Pop();
if (InBounds(adr)) {
mem[adr] = data.ReadInt();
if (data.Error()) ps = badData;
}
break;
case PVM.prni: // integer output
if (tracing) results.Write(padding);
results.Write(Pop(), 0);
if (tracing) results.WriteLine();
break;
case PVM.inpb: // boolean input
adr = Pop();
if (InBounds(adr)) {
mem[adr] = data.ReadBool() ? 1 : 0;
if (data.Error()) ps = badData;
}
break;
case PVM.prnb: // boolean output
if (tracing) results.Write(padding);
if (Pop() != 0) results.Write(" true "); else results.Write(" false ");
if (tracing) results.WriteLine();
break;
case PVM.prns: // string output
if (tracing) results.Write(padding);
loop = Next();
while (ps == running && mem[loop] != 0) {
results.Write((char) mem[loop]); loop--;
if (loop < stackBase) ps = badMem;
}
if (tracing) results.WriteLine();
break;
case PVM.prnl: // newline
results.WriteLine();
break;
case PVM.neg: // integer negation
Push(-Pop());
break;
case PVM.add: // integer addition
tos = Pop(); Push(Pop() + tos);
break;
case PVM.sub: // integer subtraction
tos = Pop(); Push(Pop() - tos);
break;
case PVM.mul: // integer multiplication
tos = Pop(); Push(Pop() * tos);
break;
case PVM.div: // integer division (quotient)
tos = Pop(); Push(Pop() / tos);
break;
case PVM.rem: // integer division (remainder)
tos = Pop(); Push(Pop() % tos);
break;
case PVM.not: // logical negation
Push(Pop() == 0 ? 1 : 0);
break;
case PVM.and: // logical and
tos = Pop(); Push(Pop() & tos);
break;
case PVM.or: // logical or
tos = Pop(); Push(Pop() | tos);
break;
case PVM.ceq: // logical equality
tos = Pop(); Push(Pop() == tos ? 1 : 0);
break;
case PVM.cne: // logical inequality
tos = Pop(); Push(Pop() != tos ? 1 : 0);
break;
case PVM.clt: // logical less
tos = Pop(); Push(Pop() < tos ? 1 : 0);
break;
case PVM.cle: // logical less or equal
tos = Pop(); Push(Pop() <= tos ? 1 : 0);
break;
case PVM.cgt: // logical greater
tos = Pop(); Push(Pop() > tos ? 1 : 0);
break;
case PVM.cge: // logical greater or equal
tos = Pop(); Push(Pop() >= tos ? 1 : 0);
break;
case PVM.brn: // unconditional branch
cpu.pc = Next();
if (cpu.pc < 0 || cpu.pc >= codeLen) ps = badAdr;
break;
case PVM.bze: // pop top of stack, branch if false
int target = Next();
if (Pop() == 0) {
cpu.pc = target;
if (cpu.pc < 0 || cpu.pc >= codeLen) ps = badAdr;
}
break;
case PVM.anew: // heap array allocation
int size = Pop();
if (size <= 0 || size + 1 > cpu.sp - cpu.hp - 2)
ps = badAll;
else {
mem[cpu.hp] = size;
Push(cpu.hp);
cpu.hp += size + 1;
}
break;
case PVM.halt: // halt
ps = finished;
break;
case PVM.stk: // stack dump (debugging)
StackDump(results, pcNow);
break;
case PVM.heap: // heap dump (debugging)
HeapDump(results, pcNow);
break;
case PVM.ldc_0: // push constant 0
case PVM.ldc_1: // push constant 1
case PVM.ldc_2: // push constant 2
case PVM.ldc_3: // push constant 3
case PVM.lda_0: // push local address 0
case PVM.lda_1: // push local address 1
case PVM.lda_2: // push local address 2
case PVM.lda_3: // push local address 3
case PVM.ldl: // push local value
case PVM.ldl_0: // push value of local variable 0
case PVM.ldl_1: // push value of local variable 1
case PVM.ldl_2: // push value of local variable 2
case PVM.ldl_3: // push value of local variable 3
case PVM.stl: // store local value
case PVM.stlc: // store local value
case PVM.stl_0: // pop to local variable 0
case PVM.stl_1: // pop to local variable 1
case PVM.stl_2: // pop to local variable 2
case PVM.stl_3: // pop to local variable 3
case PVM.stoc: // character checked store
case PVM.inpc: // character input
case PVM.prnc: // character output
case PVM.low: // toLowerCase
case PVM.islet: // isLetter
case PVM.inc: // ++
case PVM.dec: // --
default: // unrecognized opcode
ps = badOp;
break;
}
} while (ps == running);
TimeSpan ts = timer.Elapsed;
// Format and display the TimeSpan value.
string elapsedTime = String.Format("{0:00}:{1:00}:{2:00}.{3:00}",
ts.Hours, ts.Minutes, ts.Seconds,
ts.Milliseconds / 10);
Console.WriteLine("\n\n" + ops + " operations. Run Time " + elapsedTime + "\n\n");
if (ps != finished) PostMortem(results, pcNow);
timer.Reset();
timer.Stop();
}
// The interpreters and utility methods
public static void Emulator(int initPC, int codeLen, int initSP,
InFile data, OutFile results, bool tracing)
{
// Emulates action of the codeLen instructions stored in mem[0 .. codeLen-1], with
// program counter initialized to initPC, stack pointer initialized to initSP.
// data and results are used for I/O. Tracing at the code level may be requested
int pcNow; // current program counter
int loop; // internal loops
int tos, sos; // value popped from stack
stackBase = initSP;
heapBase = codeLen; // initialize boundaries
cpu.hp = heapBase; // initialize registers
cpu.sp = stackBase;
cpu.gp = stackBase;
cpu.mp = stackBase;
cpu.fp = stackBase;
cpu.pc = initPC; // initialize program counter
ps = running; // prepare to execute
int ops = 0;
timer.Start();
do {
ops++;
pcNow = cpu.pc; // retain for tracing/postmortem
cpu.ir = mem[cpu.pc++]; // fetch
// if (tracing) Trace(results, pcNow);
switch (cpu.ir) { // execute
case PVM.nop: // no operation
break;
case PVM.dsp: // decrement stack pointer (allocate space for variables)
cpu.sp -= mem[cpu.pc++];
break;
case PVM.ldc: // push constant value
mem[--cpu.sp] = mem[cpu.pc++];
break;
case PVM.lda: // push local address
mem[--cpu.sp] = cpu.fp - 1 - mem[cpu.pc++];
break;
case PVM.ldv: // dereference
mem[cpu.sp] = mem[mem[cpu.sp]];
break;
case PVM.sto: // store
tos = mem[cpu.sp++]; mem[mem[cpu.sp++]] = tos;
break;
case PVM.ldxa: // heap array indexing
tos = mem[cpu.sp++]; mem[cpu.sp] = mem[cpu.sp] + tos;
break;
case PVM.inpi: // integer input
mem[mem[cpu.sp++]] = data.ReadInt();
break;
case PVM.prni: // integer output
// if (tracing) results.Write(padding);
results.Write(mem[cpu.sp++], 0);
// if (tracing) results.WriteLine();
break;
case PVM.inpb: // boolean input
mem[mem[cpu.sp++]] = data.ReadBool() ? 1 : 0;
break;
case PVM.prnb: // boolean output
// if (tracing) results.Write(padding);
if (mem[cpu.sp++] != 0) results.Write(" true "); else results.Write(" false ");
// if (tracing) results.WriteLine();
break;
case PVM.prns: // string output
// if (tracing) results.Write(padding);
loop = mem[cpu.pc++];
while (mem[loop] != 0) {
results.Write((char) mem[loop]); loop--;
}
// if (tracing) results.WriteLine();
break;
case PVM.prnl: // newline
results.WriteLine();
break;
case PVM.neg: // integer negation
mem[cpu.sp] = -mem[cpu.sp];
break;
case PVM.add: // integer addition
tos = mem[cpu.sp++]; mem[cpu.sp] += tos;
break;
case PVM.sub: // integer subtraction
tos = mem[cpu.sp++]; mem[cpu.sp] -= tos;
break;
case PVM.mul: // integer multiplication
tos = mem[cpu.sp++]; mem[cpu.sp] *= tos;
break;
case PVM.div: // integer division (quotient)
tos = mem[cpu.sp++]; mem[cpu.sp] /= tos;
break;
case PVM.rem: // integer division (remainder)
tos = mem[cpu.sp++]; mem[cpu.sp] %= tos;
break;
case PVM.not: // logical negation
mem[cpu.sp] = mem[cpu.sp] == 0 ? 1 : 0;
break;
case PVM.and: // logical and
tos = mem[cpu.sp++]; mem[cpu.sp] &= tos;
break;
case PVM.or: // logical or
tos = mem[cpu.sp++]; mem[cpu.sp] |= tos;
break;
case PVM.ceq: // logical equality
tos = mem[cpu.sp++]; mem[cpu.sp] = mem[cpu.sp] == tos ? 1 : 0;
break;
case PVM.cne: // logical inequality
tos = mem[cpu.sp++]; mem[cpu.sp] = mem[cpu.sp] != tos ? 1 : 0;
break;
case PVM.clt: // logical less
tos = mem[cpu.sp++]; mem[cpu.sp] = mem[cpu.sp] < tos ? 1 : 0;
break;
case PVM.cle: // logical less or equal
tos = mem[cpu.sp++]; mem[cpu.sp] = mem[cpu.sp] <= tos ? 1 : 0;
break;
case PVM.cgt: // logical greater
tos = mem[cpu.sp++]; mem[cpu.sp] = mem[cpu.sp] > tos ? 1 : 0;
break;
case PVM.cge: // logical greater or equal
tos = mem[cpu.sp++]; mem[cpu.sp] = mem[cpu.sp] >= tos ? 1 : 0;
break;
case PVM.brn: // unconditional branch
cpu.pc = mem[cpu.pc++];
break;
case PVM.bze: // pop top of stack, branch if false
int target = mem[cpu.pc++];
if (mem[cpu.sp++] == 0) cpu.pc = target;
break;
case PVM.anew: // heap array allocation
int size = mem[cpu.sp];
mem[cpu.sp] = cpu.hp;
cpu.hp += size;
break;
case PVM.halt: // halt
ps = finished;
break;
case PVM.stk: // stack dump (debugging)
StackDump(results, pcNow);
break;
case PVM.heap: // heap dump (debugging)
HeapDump(results, pcNow);
break;
case PVM.ldc_0: // push constant 0
case PVM.ldc_1: // push constant 1
case PVM.ldc_2: // push constant 2
case PVM.ldc_3: // push constant 3
case PVM.lda_0: // push local address 0
case PVM.lda_1: // push local address 1
case PVM.lda_2: // push local address 2
case PVM.lda_3: // push local address 3
case PVM.ldl: // push local value
case PVM.ldl_0: // push value of local variable 0
case PVM.ldl_1: // push value of local variable 1
case PVM.ldl_2: // push value of local variable 2
case PVM.ldl_3: // push value of local variable 3
case PVM.stl: // store local value
case PVM.stlc: // store local value
case PVM.stl_0: // pop to local variable 0
case PVM.stl_1: // pop to local variable 1
case PVM.stl_2: // pop to local variable 2
case PVM.stl_3: // pop to local variable 3
case PVM.stoc: // character checked store
case PVM.inpc: // character input
case PVM.prnc: // character output
case PVM.low: // toLowerCase
case PVM.islet: // isLetter
case PVM.inc: // ++
case PVM.dec: // --
default: // unrecognized opcode
ps = badOp;
break;
}
} while (ps == running);
TimeSpan ts = timer.Elapsed;
// Format and display the TimeSpan value.
string elapsedTime = String.Format("{0:00}:{1:00}:{2:00}.{3:00}",
ts.Hours, ts.Minutes, ts.Seconds,
ts.Milliseconds / 10);
Console.WriteLine("\n\n" + ops + " operations. Run Time " + elapsedTime + "\n\n");
if (ps != finished) PostMortem(results, pcNow);
timer.Reset();
timer.Stop();
}
