public BigInteger modPow(BigInteger exponent, BigInteger m)
{
if (m.sign <= 0)
{
throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger: modulus not positive");
}
BigInteger _base = this;
if (m.isOne() | (exponent.sign > 0 & _base.sign == 0))
{
return(BigInteger.ZERO);
}
if (_base.sign == 0 && exponent.sign == 0)
{
return(BigInteger.ONE);
}
if (exponent.sign < 0)
{
_base = modInverse(m);
exponent = exponent.negate();
}
// From now on: (m > 0) and (exponent >= 0)
BigInteger res = (m.testBit(0)) ? Division.oddModPow(_base.abs(),
exponent, m) : Division.evenModPow(_base.abs(), exponent, m);
if ((_base.sign < 0) && exponent.testBit(0))
{
// -b^e mod m == ((-1 mod m) * (b^e mod m)) mod m
res = m.subtract(BigInteger.ONE).multiply(res).mod(m);
}
// else exponent is even, so base^exp is positive
return(res);
}
public BigInteger modInverse(BigInteger m)
{
if (m.sign <= 0)
{
throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger: modulus not positive");
}
// If both are even, no inverse exists
if (!(testBit(0) || m.testBit(0)))
{
throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger not invertible.");
}
if (m.isOne())
{
return(ZERO);
}
// From now on: (m > 1)
BigInteger res = Division.modInverseMontgomery(abs().mod(m), m);
if (res.sign == 0)
{
throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger not invertible.");
}
res = ((sign < 0) ? m.subtract(res) : res);
return(res);
}
public BigInteger divide(BigInteger divisor)
{
if (divisor.sign == 0)
{
throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger divide by zero");
}
int divisorSign = divisor.sign;
if (divisor.isOne())
{
return((divisor.sign > 0) ? this : this.negate());
}
int thisSign = sign;
int thisLen = numberLength;
int divisorLen = divisor.numberLength;
if (thisLen + divisorLen == 2)
{
long val = (digits[0] & 0xFFFFFFFFL)
/ (divisor.digits[0] & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
if (thisSign != divisorSign)
{
val = -val;
}
return(valueOf(val));
}
int cmp = ((thisLen != divisorLen) ? ((thisLen > divisorLen) ? 1 : -1)
: Elementary.compareArrays(digits, divisor.digits, thisLen));
if (cmp == EQUALS)
{
return((thisSign == divisorSign) ? ONE : MINUS_ONE);
}
if (cmp == LESS)
{
return(ZERO);
}
int resLength = thisLen - divisorLen + 1;
int[] resDigits = new int[resLength];
int resSign = ((thisSign == divisorSign) ? 1 : -1);
if (divisorLen == 1)
{
Division.divideArrayByInt(resDigits, digits, thisLen,
divisor.digits[0]);
}
else
{
Division.divide(resDigits, resLength, digits, thisLen,
divisor.digits, divisorLen);
}
BigInteger result = new BigInteger(resSign, resLength, resDigits);
result.cutOffLeadingZeroes();
return(result);
}
private static bool millerRabin(BigInteger n, int t)
{
// PRE: n >= 0, t >= 0
BigInteger x; // x := UNIFORM{2...n-1}
BigInteger y; // y := x^(q * 2^j) mod n
BigInteger n_minus_1 = n.subtract(BigInteger.ONE); // n-1
int bitLength = n_minus_1.bitLength(); // ~ log2(n-1)
// (q,k) such that: n-1 = q * 2^k and q is odd
int k = n_minus_1.getLowestSetBit();
BigInteger q = n_minus_1.shiftRight(k);
Random rnd = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < t; i++)
{
// To generate a witness 'x', first it use the primes of table
if (i < primes.Length)
{
x = BIprimes[i];
}
else /*
* It generates random witness only if it's necesssary. Note
* that all methods would call Miller-Rabin with t <= 50 so
* this part is only to do more robust the algorithm
*/
{
do
{
x = new BigInteger(bitLength, rnd);
} while ((x.compareTo(n) >= BigInteger.EQUALS) || (x.sign == 0) ||
x.isOne());
}
y = x.modPow(q, n);
if (y.isOne() || y.Equals(n_minus_1))
{
continue;
}
for (int j = 1; j < k; j++)
{
if (y.Equals(n_minus_1))
{
continue;
}
y = y.multiply(y).mod(n);
if (y.isOne())
{
return(false);
}
}
if (!y.Equals(n_minus_1))
{
return(false);
}
}
return(true);
}
private static bool millerRabin(BigInteger n, int t)
{
// PRE: n >= 0, t >= 0
BigInteger x; // x := UNIFORM{2...n-1}
BigInteger y; // y := x^(q * 2^j) mod n
BigInteger n_minus_1 = n.subtract(BigInteger.ONE); // n-1
int bitLength = n_minus_1.bitLength(); // ~ log2(n-1)
// (q,k) such that: n-1 = q * 2^k and q is odd
int k = n_minus_1.getLowestSetBit();
BigInteger q = n_minus_1.shiftRight(k);
Random rnd = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < t; i++) {
// To generate a witness 'x', first it use the primes of table
if (i < primes.Length) {
x = BIprimes[i];
} else {/*
* It generates random witness only if it's necesssary. Note
* that all methods would call Miller-Rabin with t <= 50 so
* this part is only to do more robust the algorithm
*/
do {
x = new BigInteger(bitLength, rnd);
} while ((x.compareTo(n) >= BigInteger.EQUALS) || (x.sign == 0)
|| x.isOne());
}
y = x.modPow(q, n);
if (y.isOne() || y.Equals(n_minus_1)) {
continue;
}
for (int j = 1; j < k; j++) {
if (y.Equals(n_minus_1)) {
continue;
}
y = y.multiply(y).mod(n);
if (y.isOne()) {
return false;
}
}
if (!y.Equals(n_minus_1)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public BigInteger modPow(BigInteger exponent, BigInteger m)
{
if (m.sign <= 0) {
throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger: modulus not positive");
}
BigInteger _base = this;
if (m.isOne() | (exponent.sign > 0 & _base.sign == 0)) {
return BigInteger.ZERO;
}
if (_base.sign == 0 && exponent.sign == 0) {
return BigInteger.ONE;
}
if (exponent.sign < 0) {
_base = modInverse(m);
exponent = exponent.negate();
}
// From now on: (m > 0) and (exponent >= 0)
BigInteger res = (m.testBit(0)) ? Division.oddModPow(_base.abs(),
exponent, m) : Division.evenModPow(_base.abs(), exponent, m);
if ((_base.sign < 0) && exponent.testBit(0)) {
// -b^e mod m == ((-1 mod m) * (b^e mod m)) mod m
res = m.subtract(BigInteger.ONE).multiply(res).mod(m);
}
// else exponent is even, so base^exp is positive
return res;
}
public BigInteger modInverse(BigInteger m)
{
if (m.sign <= 0) {
throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger: modulus not positive");
}
// If both are even, no inverse exists
if (!(testBit(0) || m.testBit(0))) {
throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger not invertible.");
}
if (m.isOne()) {
return ZERO;
}
// From now on: (m > 1)
BigInteger res = Division.modInverseMontgomery(abs().mod(m), m);
if (res.sign == 0) {
throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger not invertible.");
}
res = ((sign < 0) ? m.subtract(res) : res);
return res;
}
public BigInteger divide(BigInteger divisor)
{
if (divisor.sign == 0) {
throw new ArithmeticException("BigInteger divide by zero");
}
int divisorSign = divisor.sign;
if (divisor.isOne()) {
return ((divisor.sign > 0) ? this : this.negate());
}
int thisSign = sign;
int thisLen = numberLength;
int divisorLen = divisor.numberLength;
if (thisLen + divisorLen == 2) {
long val = (digits[0] & 0xFFFFFFFFL)
/ (divisor.digits[0] & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
if (thisSign != divisorSign) {
val = -val;
}
return valueOf(val);
}
int cmp = ((thisLen != divisorLen) ? ((thisLen > divisorLen) ? 1 : -1)
: Elementary.compareArrays(digits, divisor.digits, thisLen));
if (cmp == EQUALS) {
return ((thisSign == divisorSign) ? ONE : MINUS_ONE);
}
if (cmp == LESS) {
return ZERO;
}
int resLength = thisLen - divisorLen + 1;
int[] resDigits = new int[resLength];
int resSign = ((thisSign == divisorSign) ? 1 : -1);
if (divisorLen == 1) {
Division.divideArrayByInt(resDigits, digits, thisLen,
divisor.digits[0]);
} else {
Division.divide(resDigits, resLength, digits, thisLen,
divisor.digits, divisorLen);
}
BigInteger result = new BigInteger(resSign, resLength, resDigits);
result.cutOffLeadingZeroes();
return result;
}